ASTM D5134-13(2017)

Standard Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon components comprising a petroleum naphtha, reformate, or alkylate is useful in valuation of crude oils, in alkylation and reforming process control, in product quality assessment, and for regulatory purposes. Detailed hydrocarbon composition is also used as input in the mathematical modeling of refinery processes.  
4.2 Separation of naphtha components by the procedure described in this test method can result in some peaks that represent coeluting compounds. This test method cannot attribute relative concentrations to the coelutants. In the absence of supporting information, use of the results of this test method for purposes which require such attribution is not recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon components paraffins, naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane (bp 150.8 °C) are determined as a single group. (A) Extrapolated from n-C6 and n-C7. See A1.1.3.(B) Extrapolated from n-C8 and n-C9. See A1.2.3.(C) Stereoisomers.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (D1319 or D6839. The hydrocarbon mixture must have a 98 % point of 250 °C or less as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.  
1.3 Components that are present at the 0.05 % by mass level or greater can be determined.  
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for PNA above carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839 may be used to verify or complement the results of this test method for carbon numbers >C7.  
1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729, D6730, or D6733.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2017
• ICS: 71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5134 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane
by Capillary Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Despite the many advances in capillary gas chromatography instrumentation and the remarkable
resolution achievable, it has proven difficult to standardize a test method for the analysis of a mixture
as complex as petroleum naphtha. Because of the proliferation of numerous, similar columns and the
endless choices of phase thickness, column internal diameter, length, etc., as well as instrument
operating parameters, many laboratories use similar but not identical methods for the capillary GC
analysis of petroleum naphthas. Even minute differences in column polarity or column oven
temperature, for example, can change resolution or elution order of components and make their
identification an individual interpretive process rather than the desirable, objective application of
standard retention data. To avoid this, stringent column specifications and temperature and flow
conditions have been adopted in this test method to ensure consistent elution order and resolution and
reproducible retention times. Strict adherence to the specified conditions is essential to the successful
application of this test method.
1. Scope 1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing
samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729,
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method
D6730,or D6733.
coversthedeterminationofhydrocarboncomponentsparaffins,
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane
standard.
(bp 150.8°C) are determined as a single group.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (<2%
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
olefins by liquid volume) liquid hydrocarbon mixtures includ-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing virgin naphthas, reformates, and alkylates. Olefin content
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
can be determined by Test Method D1319 or D6839. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hydrocarbon mixture must have a 98% point of 250°C or less
Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Componentsthatarepresentatthe0.05%bymasslevel
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or greater can be determined.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
PNAabove carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839
may be used to verify or complement the results of this test
2. Referenced Documents
method for carbon numbers >C7.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1319Test Method for HydrocarbonTypes in Liquid Petro-
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5134–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5134-13R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5134 − 13 (2017)
TABLE 1 Typical Retention Characteristics of Naphtha Components
NOTE 1—The abbreviations N and P refer to unidentified naphthenes and paraffins respectively.
Adjusted Retention Kovats Retention
Compound Retention Time, min Linear Retention Index
Time, min Index @ 35 °C
Methane 3.57 0.00 100.0 .
Ethane 3.65 0.08 200.0 .
Propane 3.84 0.27 300.0 .
Isobutane 4.14 0.57 367.3 .
n-Butane 4.39 0.82 400.0 .
2,2-Dimethylpropane 4.53 0.96 415.5 .
Isopentane 5.33 1.76 475.0 .
n-Pentane 5.84 2.27 500.0 .
2,2-Dimethylbutane 6.81 3.24 536.2 .
Cyclopentane 7.83 4.26 564.1 .
2,3-Dimethylbutane 7.89 4.32 565.5 .
2-Methylpentane 8.06 4.49 569.5 .
3-Methylpentane 8.72 5.15 583.4 .
n-Hexane 9.63 6.06 600.0 .
2,2-Dimethylpentane 11.22 7.65 624.2 .
Methylcyclopentane 11.39 7.82 626.5 .
2,4-Dimethylpentane 11.68 8.11 630.3 .
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 12.09 8.52 635.4 .
Benzene 13.29 9.72 649.1 .
3,3-dimethylpentane 13.84 10.27 654.8 .
Cyclohexane 14.19 10.62 658.3 .
2-Methylhexane 15.20 11.63 667.8 .
2,3-Dimethylpentane 15.35 11.78 669.1 .
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane 15.61 12.04 671.4 .
3-Methylhexane 16.18 12.61 676.2 .
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane 16.88 13.31 681.8 .
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane 17.22 13.65 684.4 .
3-Ethylpentane 17.44 13.87 686.1 .
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 17.57 14.00 687.0 .
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 17.80 14.23 688.7 .
n-Heptane 19.43 15.86 700.0 .
A
Methylcyclohexane + cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 22.53 18.96 718.6 .
A
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane + 2,2-Dimethylhexane 23.05 19.48 721.4 .
A
Ethylcyclopentane 24.59 21.02 729.3 .
A
2,5-Dimethylhexane + 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 25.12 21.55 731.9 .
A
2,4-Dimethylhexane 25.47 21.90 733.5 .
A
1,trans-2,cis-4-Trimethylcyclopentane 26.43 22.86 738.0 .
A
3,3-Dimethylhexane 26.79 23.22 739.6 .
A
1,trans-2,cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane 28.01 24.44 744.9 .
A
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 28.70 25.13 747.8 .
A B
Toluene + 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 29.49 25.92 751.1 730.2
B
1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopentane 31.21 27.64 . 741.7
B
2,3-Dimethylhexane 31.49 27.92 . 743.6
A
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 31.69 28.12 . 744.9
B
2-Methylheptane 33.06 29.49 . 754.1
B
4-Methylheptane + 3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 33.34 29.77 . 756.0
B
3,4-Dimethylhexane 33.49 29.92 . 757.0
B
1,cis-2,trans-4-Trimethylcyclopentane + 1,cis-2,cis-4-Trimethylcyclopentane 33.73 30.16 . 758.6
B
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane 34.45 30.88 . 763.4
B
3-Methylheptane + 1,cis-2,trans-3-Trimethylcyclopentane 34.64 31.07 . 764.7
B
3-Ethylhexane + trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane 34.83 31.26 . 766.0
B
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane 35.81 32.24 . 772.5
B
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane + trans-1,3-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 36.75 33.18 . 778.8
B
cis-1,3-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 37.14 33.57 . 781.4
B
trans-1,2-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 37.39 33.82 . 783.1
B
2,2,4-Trimethylhexane + 1,1-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 37.68 34.11 . 785.1
B
trans-1,2-Dimethylcylohexane 38.14 34.57 . 788.1
B
1,cis-2,cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane 39.21 35.64 . 795.3
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane + cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane 39.54 35.97 . 797.5
n-Octane 39.91 36.34 . 800.0
Isopropylcyclopentane + 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 40.76 37.19 . 805.7
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 40.88 37.31 . 806.5
Unidentified C8-Naphthene 41.52 37.95 . 810.8
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 41.88 38.31 . 813.2
cis-1,2-Ethylmethylcyclopentane + 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane 42.55 38.98 . 817.7
2,2-Dimethylheptane 43.20 39.63 . 822.0
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 43.43 39.86 . 823.6
2,2,3-Trimethylhexane + 9N 43.76 40.19 . 825.8
2,4-Dimethylheptane 43.88 40.31 . 826.6
4,4-Dimethylheptane + 9N 44.09 40.52 . 828.0
Ethylcyclohexane + n-Propylcyclopentane 44.36 40.79 . 829.8
2-Methyl- 4-Ethylhexane 44.74 41.17 . 832.4
D5134 − 13 (2017)
TABLE 1 Continued
Adjusted Retention Kovats Retention
Compound Retention Time, min Linear Retention Index
Time, min Index @ 35 °C
2,6-Dimethylheptane + 9N 44.95 41.38 . 833.8
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane 45.21 41.64 . 835.5
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 45.56 41.99 . 837.8
2,5-Dimethylheptane + 9P 45.92 42.35 . 840.3
3,5-Dimethylheptane + 3,3-Dimethylheptane + N 46.09 42.52 . 841.4
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 46.31 42.74 . 842.9
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 46.55 42.98 . 844.5
Ethyl Benzene 47.15 43.58 . 848.5
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 47.37 43.80 . 850.0
Unidentified Naphthene + 2,3,4-Trimethylhexane 47.53 43.96 . 851.0
Unidentified Naphthenes 47.78 44.21 . 852.7
Unidentified Naphthene + Paraffin 48.13 44.56 . 855.1
m-Xylene 48.49 44.92 . 857.5
p-Xylene 48.63 45.06 . 858.4
2,3-Dimethylheptane 48.93 45.36 . 860.4
C
3,4-Dimethylheptane + N 49.10 45.53 . 861.6
C
3,4-Dimethylheptane 49.29 45.72 . 862.8
Unidentified Naphthene 49.41 45.84 . 863.6
4-Ethylheptane + N 49.65 46.08 . 865.2
4-Methyloctane 50.10 46.53 . 868.3
2-Methyloctane 50.26 46.69 . 869.3
Unidentified Naphthene 50.41 46.84 . 870.3
Unidentified Naphthene 50.73 47.16 . 872.5
3-Ethylheptane + N 50.96 47.39 . 874.0
3-Methyloctane 51.15 47.58 . 875.3
Unidentified Naphthene 51.35 47.78 . 876.6
o-Xylene + 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclohexane 51.54 47.97 . 877.9
Unidentified Naphthene + 2,4,6-Trimethylheptane 51.74 48.17 . 879.2
Unidentified Naphthene 52.12 48.55 . 881.8
Unidentified Paraffin 52.24 48.67 . 882.6
Unidentified Naphthenes 52.56 48.99 . 884.7
Unidentified Naphthene 52.85 49.28 . 886.7
Unidentified Naphthene + Paraffin 53.06 49.49 . 888.1
Unidentified Naphthene 53.26 49.69 . 889.4
Unidentified Naphthene 53.46 49.89 . 890.8
Unidentified Naphthene 54.02 50.45 . 894.5
Unidentified Naphthene 54.40 50.83 . 897.1
n-Nonane 54.84 51.27 . 900.0
Unidentified Naphthene 54.98 51.41 . 900.9
A
Extrapolated from n-C and n-C . See A1.1.3.
6 7
B
Extrapolated from n-C and n-C . See A1.2.3.
8 9
C
Stereoisomers.
D3700Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float- D6730Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
ing Piston Cylinder ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100–Metre
D3710TestMethodforBoilingRangeDistributionofGaso- Capillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chro-
line and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography matography
(Withdrawn 2014) D6733Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre
Petroleum Products Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
D5443Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic D7096Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range
Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas
Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatog- Chromatography
raphy
3. Summary of Test Method
D6839Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated
3.1 A representative sample of the naphtha is introduced
Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels
into a gas chromatograph equipped with a methyl silicone
by Gas Chromatography
bondedphasefusedsilicacapillarycolumn.Heliumcarriergas
D6729Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
transports the vaporized sample through the column in which
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre
the components are separated. Components are sensed by a
Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
flame ionization detector as they elute from the column. The
detector signal is processed by an electronic data acquisition
system or integrating computer. Each eluting peak is identified
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. by comparing its retention index to a table of retention indices
D5134 − 13 (2017)
and by visual matching with a standard chromatogram. The poor injection technique, or both, can result in sample frac-
table of retention indices has been established by running tionation. Operating conditions which preclude fractionation
reference compounds under identical conditions or by gas should be determined in accordance with Section 11.
chromatographic—mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of
6.3 Electronic Data Acquisition System—Any data acquisi-
reference samples under the same conditions, or both.
tion and integration device used for quantitation of these
3.2 The mass concentration of each component is deter- analyses must meet or exceed these minimum requirements:
mined by area normalization with response factors. Peaks 6.3.1 Capacity for at least 250 peaks/analysis.
eluting after n-nonane are summed and reported as C . 6.3.2 Normalized area percent calculation with response
10+
factors.
4. Significance and Use
6.3.3 Identification of individual components by retention
time.
4.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon components compris-
ing a petroleum naphtha, reformate, or alkylate is useful in 6.3.4 Noise and spike rejection capability.
6.3.5 Sampling rates for fast (<1 s) peaks.
valuation of crude oils, in alkylation and reforming process
control, in product quality assessment, and for regulatory 6.3.6 Positive and negative sloping baseline correction.
6.3.7 Peakdetectionsensitivityfornarrowandbroadpeaks.
purposes. Detailed hydrocarbon composition is also used as
6.3.8 Perpendicular drop and tangent skimming as needed.
input in the mathematical modeling of refinery processes.
6.4 Capillary Column—This test method utilizes a 50 m
4.2 Separation of naphtha components by the procedure
(0.2 mm inside diameter) fused silica capillary column with
described in this test method can result in some peaks that
bonded (cross-linked) methyl silicone phase and a film thick-
represent coeluting compounds. This test method cannot attri-
ness (d) of 0.5 µm. Other columns with these nominal
buterelativeconcentrationstothecoelutants.Intheabsenceof
f
dimensions may be suitable. However, all columns must meet
supporting information, use of the results of this test method
the criteria set out in Section 10 for efficiency, resolution, and
for purposes which require such attribution is not recom-
mended. polarity.
7. Reagents and Materials
5. Interferences
7.1 Carrier Gas, helium, mol fraction is 99.99% pure.
5.1 Ifpresent,olefinichydrocarbonswithboilingpointsless
(Warning—Compressed gas under high pressure.)
than 150°C will be separated and detected along with the
saturates and aromatics. Som
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5134 − 13 D5134 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane
by Capillary Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Despite the many advances in capillary gas chromatography instrumentation and the remarkable
resolution achievable, it has proven difficult to standardize a test method for the analysis of a mixture
as complex as petroleum naphtha. Because of the proliferation of numerous, similar columns and the
endless choices of phase thickness, column internal diameter, length, etc., as well as instrument
operating parameters, many laboratories use similar but not identical methods for the capillary GC
analysis of petroleum naphthas. Even minute differences in column polarity or column oven
temperature, for example, can change resolution or elution order of components and make their
identification an individual interpretive process rather than the desirable, objective application of
standard retention data. To avoid this, stringent column specifications and temperature and flow
conditions have been adopted in this test method to ensure consistent elution order and resolution and
reproducible retention times. Strict adherence to the specified conditions is essential to the successful
application of this test method.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon components paraffins,
naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane (bp
150.8 °C) are determined as a single group.
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (<2 % olefins by liquid volume) liquid hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin
naphthas, reformates, and alkylates. Olefin content can be determined by Test Method D1319 or D6839. The hydrocarbon mixture
must have a 98 % point of 250 °C or less as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.
1.3 Components that are present at the 0.05 0.05 % by mass % level or greater can be determined.
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for PNA above carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839 may
be used to verify or complement the results of this test method for carbon numbers >C7.
1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729, D6730,
or D6733.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2017. Published January 2014November 2017. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
ε1
as D5134 – 98 (2008)D5134 – 13. . DOI: 10.1520/D5134-13.10.1520/D5134-13R17.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5134 − 13 (2017)
TABLE 1 Typical Retention Characteristics of Naphtha Components
NOTE 1—The abbreviations N and P refer to unidentified naphthenes and paraffins respectively.
Adjusted Retention Kovats Retention
Compound Retention Time, min Linear Retention Index
Time, min Index @ 35 °C
Methane 3.57 0.00 100.0 .
Ethane 3.65 0.08 200.0 .
Propane 3.84 0.27 300.0 .
Isobutane 4.14 0.57 367.3 .
n-Butane 4.39 0.82 400.0 .
2,2-Dimethylpropane 4.53 0.96 415.5 .
Isopentane 5.33 1.76 475.0 .
n-Pentane 5.84 2.27 500.0 .
2,2-Dimethylbutane 6.81 3.24 536.2 .
Cyclopentane 7.83 4.26 564.1 .
2,3-Dimethylbutane 7.89 4.32 565.5 .
2-Methylpentane 8.06 4.49 569.5 .
3-Methylpentane 8.72 5.15 583.4 .
n-Hexane 9.63 6.06 600.0 .
2,2-Dimethylpentane 11.22 7.65 624.2 .
Methylcyclopentane 11.39 7.82 626.5 .
2,4-Dimethylpentane 11.68 8.11 630.3 .
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 12.09 8.52 635.4 .
Benzene 13.29 9.72 649.1 .
3,3-dimethylpentane 13.84 10.27 654.8 .
Cyclohexane 14.19 10.62 658.3 .
2-Methylhexane 15.20 11.63 667.8 .
2,3-Dimethylpentane 15.35 11.78 669.1 .
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane 15.61 12.04 671.4 .
3-Methylhexane 16.18 12.61 676.2 .
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane 16.88 13.31 681.8 .
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane 17.22 13.65 684.4 .
3-Ethylpentane 17.44 13.87 686.1 .
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 17.57 14.00 687.0 .
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 17.80 14.23 688.7 .
n-Heptane 19.43 15.86 700.0 .
A
Methylcyclohexane + cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 22.53 18.96 718.6 .
A
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane + 2,2-Dimethylhexane 23.05 19.48 721.4 .
A
Ethylcyclopentane 24.59 21.02 729.3 .
A
2,5-Dimethylhexane + 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 25.12 21.55 731.9 .
A
2,4-Dimethylhexane 25.47 21.90 733.5 .
A
1,trans-2,cis-4-Trimethylcyclopentane 26.43 22.86 738.0 .
A
3,3-Dimethylhexane 26.79 23.22 739.6 .
A
1,trans-2,cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane 28.01 24.44 744.9 .
A
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 28.70 25.13 747.8 .
A B
Toluene + 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 29.49 25.92 751.1 730.2
B
1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopentane 31.21 27.64 . 741.7
B
2,3-Dimethylhexane 31.49 27.92 . 743.6
A
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 31.69 28.12 . 744.9
B
2-Methylheptane 33.06 29.49 . 754.1
B
4-Methylheptane + 3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 33.34 29.77 . 756.0
B
3,4-Dimethylhexane 33.49 29.92 . 757.0
B
1,cis-2,trans-4-Trimethylcyclopentane + 1,cis-2,cis-4-Trimethylcyclopentane 33.73 30.16 . 758.6
B
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane 34.45 30.88 . 763.4
B
3-Methylheptane + 1,cis-2,trans-3-Trimethylcyclopentane 34.64 31.07 . 764.7
B
3-Ethylhexane + trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane 34.83 31.26 . 766.0
B
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane 35.81 32.24 . 772.5
B
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane + trans-1,3-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 36.75 33.18 . 778.8
B
cis-1,3-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 37.14 33.57 . 781.4
B
trans-1,2-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 37.39 33.82 . 783.1
B
2,2,4-Trimethylhexane + 1,1-Ethylmethylcyclopentane 37.68 34.11 . 785.1
B
trans-1,2-Dimethylcylohexane 38.14 34.57 . 788.1
B
1,cis-2,cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane 39.21 35.64 . 795.3
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane + cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane 39.54 35.97 . 797.5
n-Octane 39.91 36.34 . 800.0
Isopropylcyclopentane + 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 40.76 37.19 . 805.7
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 40.88 37.31 . 806.5
Unidentified C8-Naphthene 41.52 37.95 . 810.8
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 41.88 38.31 . 813.2
cis-1,2-Ethylmethylcyclopentane + 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane 42.55 38.98 . 817.7
2,2-Dimethylheptane 43.20 39.63 . 822.0
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 43.43 39.86 . 823.6
2,2,3-Trimethylhexane + 9N 43.76 40.19 . 825.8
2,4-Dimethylheptane 43.88 40.31 . 826.6
4,4-Dimethylheptane + 9N 44.09 40.52 . 828.0
Ethylcyclohexane + n-Propylcyclopentane 44.36 40.79 . 829.8
2-Methyl- 4-Ethylhexane 44.74 41.17 . 832.4
D5134 − 13 (2017)
TABLE 1 Continued
Adjusted Retention Kovats Retention
Compound Retention Time, min Linear Retention Index
Time, min Index @ 35 °C
2,6-Dimethylheptane + 9N 44.95 41.38 . 833.8
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane 45.21 41.64 . 835.5
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 45.56 41.99 . 837.8
2,5-Dimethylheptane + 9P 45.92 42.35 . 840.3
3,5-Dimethylheptane + 3,3-Dimethylheptane + N 46.09 42.52 . 841.4
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 46.31 42.74 . 842.9
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 46.55 42.98 . 844.5
Ethyl Benzene 47.15 43.58 . 848.5
Unidentified C9-Naphthene 47.37 43.80 . 850.0
Unidentified Naphthene + 2,3,4-Trimethylhexane 47.53 43.96 . 851.0
Unidentified Naphthenes 47.78 44.21 . 852.7
Unidentified Naphthene + Paraffin 48.13 44.56 . 855.1
m-Xylene 48.49 44.92 . 857.5
p-Xylene 48.63 45.06 . 858.4
2,3-Dimethylheptane 48.93 45.36 . 860.4
C
3,4-Dimethylheptane + N 49.10 45.53 . 861.6
C
3,4-Dimethylheptane 49.29 45.72 . 862.8
Unidentified Naphthene 49.41 45.84 . 863.6
4-Ethylheptane + N 49.65 46.08 . 865.2
4-Methyloctane 50.10 46.53 . 868.3
2-Methyloctane 50.26 46.69 . 869.3
Unidentified Naphthene 50.41 46.84 . 870.3
Unidentified Naphthene 50.73 47.16 . 872.5
3-Ethylheptane + N 50.96 47.39 . 874.0
3-Methyloctane 51.15 47.58 . 875.3
Unidentified Naphthene 51.35 47.78 . 876.6
o-Xylene + 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclohexane 51.54 47.97 . 877.9
Unidentified Naphthene + 2,4,6-Trimethylheptane 51.74 48.17 . 879.2
Unidentified Naphthene 52.12 48.55 . 881.8
Unidentified Paraffin 52.24 48.67 . 882.6
Unidentified Naphthenes 52.56 48.99 . 884.7
Unidentified Naphthene 52.85 49.28 . 886.7
Unidentified Naphthene + Paraffin 53.06 49.49 . 888.1
Unidentified Naphthene 53.26 49.69 . 889.4
Unidentified Naphthene 53.46 49.89 . 890.8
Unidentified Naphthene 54.02 50.45 . 894.5
Unidentified Naphthene 54.40 50.83 . 897.1
n-Nonane 54.84 51.27 . 900.0
Unidentified Naphthene 54.98 51.41 . 900.9
A
Extrapolated from n-C and n-C . See A1.1.3.
6 7
B
Extrapolated from n-C and n-C . See A1.2.3.
8 9
C
Stereoisomers.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder
D3710 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn
2014)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5443 Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C
by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas
Chromatography
D6729 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre Capillary High
Resolution Gas Chromatography
D6730 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100–Metre Capillary (with
Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chromatography
D6733 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre Capillary High
Resolution Gas Chromatography
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
D5134 − 13 (2017)
D7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas
Chromatography
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A representative sample of the naphtha is introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with a methyl silicone bonded
phase fused silica capillary column. Helium carrier gas transports the vaporized sample through the column in which the
components are separated. Components are sensed by a flame ionization detector as they elute from the column. The detector signal
is processed by an electronic data acquisition system or integrating computer. Each eluting peak is identified by comparing its
retention index to a table of retention indices and by visual matching with a standard chromatogram. The table of retention indices
has been established by running reference compounds under identical conditions or by gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric
(GC/MS) analysis of reference samples under the same conditions, or both.
3.2 The mass concentration of each component is determined by area normalization with response factors. Peaks eluting after
n-nonane are summed and reported as C .
10+
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon components comprising a petroleum naphtha, reformate, or alkylate is useful in valuation
of crude oils, in alkylation and reforming process control, in product quality assessment, and for regulatory purposes. Detailed
hydrocarbon composition is also used as input in the mathematical modeling of refinery processes.
4.2 Separation of naphtha components by the procedure described in this test method can result in some peaks that represent
coeluting compounds. This test method cannot attribute relative concentrations to the coelutants. In the absence of supporting
information, use of the results of this test method for purposes which require such attribution is not recommended.
5. Interferences
5.1 If present, olefinic hydrocarbons with boiling points less than 150 °C will be separated and detected along with the saturates
and aromatics. Some of the olefins will coelute with saturates or aromatics and give erroneously high concentrations for those
components. Some coelutions of PNA components above C7 may occur and results may not be completely accurate. Test Method
D5443 may be used for carbon number distribution above C7 to verify results from this test method.
5.2 Alcohols, ethers, and other organic compounds of similar volatility can also interfere by coeluting with saturate or aromatic
hydrocarbons thereby causing erroneously high values to be determined.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Instrumentation—A gas chromatograph capable of column oven temperature programming from 35 °C to 200 °C in
1 °C ⁄min increments is required. A heated flash vaporizing injector designed to provide a linear sample split injection (for example,
...