ASTM D7063-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Effective Porosity and Effective Air Voids of Compacted Bituminous Paving Mixture Samples
Standard Test Method for Effective Porosity and Effective Air Voids of Compacted Bituminous Paving Mixture Samples
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In this test method a compacted sample is vacuum sealed inside a plastic bag. The density of the sample, SG1, is calculated using a water displacement method, with the sample sealed. With the sample still in water, the bag is cut open. Since the sample is under vacuum and the air voids are evacuated, water will rush in to fill all the water accessible air voids in the compacted sample. With the saturated weight of sample known, an apparent maximum density, SG2, can be calculated. The difference between SG2 and SG1 is the measure of the amount of water that has penetrated the compacted sample. This difference can be used to determine the fraction of total number of voids that are accessible to water, Effective Percent Porosity or Percent Effective Air Voids.
The results obtained from this method can be used to determine the percentage of total air voids in a compacted sample that can be filled with water through surface or interconnected paths within the sample. In general, Effective Percent Porosity should be less than total percent air voids.
This method can be used for 100 mm and 150 mm diameter cylindrical samples and cubical samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of effective porosity or effective air voids of compacted mixtures by the use of a vacuum sealing method.
1.2 This method can be used for compacted field and laboratory bituminous paving samples, as well as other compacted samples with well defined geometrical shapes, such as concrete cylinders, cored rocks, and metal samples.
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to determine the degree of interconnectivity of air voids within a sample and can be correlated to permeability of compacted bituminous paving mixture samples.
1.4 A multi-laboratory precision and bias statement for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation:D7063–05
Standard Test Method for
Effective Porosity and Effective Air Voids of Compacted
Bituminous Paving Mixture Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7063; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of effective 3.1 In this test method a compacted sample is vacuum
porosityoreffectiveairvoidsofcompactedmixturesbytheuse sealed inside a plastic bag. The density of the sample, SG1, is
of a vacuum sealing method. calculated using a water displacement method, with the sample
1.2 This method can be used for compacted field and sealed.Withthesamplestillinwater,thebagiscutopen.Since
laboratory bituminous paving samples, as well as other com- the sample is under vacuum and the air voids are evacuated,
pacted samples with well defined geometrical shapes, such as water will rush in to fill all the water accessible air voids in the
concrete cylinders, cored rocks, and metal samples. compacted sample. With the saturated weight of sample
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to determine known, an apparent maximum density, SG2, can be calculated.
thedegreeofinterconnectivityofairvoidswithinasampleand The difference between SG2 and SG1 is the measure of the
can be correlated to permeability of compacted bituminous amount of water that has penetrated the compacted sample.
paving mixture samples. This difference can be used to determine the fraction of total
1.4 A multi-laboratory precision and bias statement for this number of voids that are accessible to water, Effective Percent
standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this Porosity or Percent Effective Air Voids.
standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a 3.2 The results obtained from this method can be used to
material for purchasing purposes. determine the percentage of total air voids in a compacted
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the sample that can be filled with water through surface or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the interconnected paths within the sample. In general, Effective
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Percent Porosity should be less than total percent air voids.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.3 This method can be used for 100 mm and 150 mm
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. diameter cylindrical samples and cubical samples.
2. Referenced Documents 4. Definitions
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1 Porosity and Effective Air Voids—Total amount of air
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures voidswithinacompactedsamplethatcanbesaturatedbywater
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying through paths starting from the surface of the sample (surface
Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and connected or interconnected voids).
Construction Materials Testing
5. Apparatus
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 5.1 Balance, with ample capacity, and with sufficient sensi-
tivity to enable bulk specific gravity of specimens to be
D5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-
tures for Laboratory Testing calculated to at least four significant figures, that is to at least
three decimal places. It shall be equipped with a suitable
apparatus to permit weighing the specimen while it is sus-
pended in water.The balance shall conform to Guide D4753 as
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
a class GP2 balance.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved on Sept. 15, 2005. Published September 2005. DOI:
10.1520/D7063-05. The sole source of supply of the apparatus and the method known to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or committeeatthistimeisInstroTek,Inc.,Raleigh,NC.Ifyouareawareofalternative
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
the ASTM website. committee,
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D7063–05
NOTE 1—Since there are no more significant figures in the quotient
size bag shall account for the different sample weights and bag
(bulk specific gravity) than appear in either the dividend (the mass of the
weight used during testing.
specimen in air) or in the divisor (the volume of the specimen, obtained
5.7 Specimen Sliding Plate, used within the chamber for
from the difference in mass of the specimen in air and in water), this
reduction of friction on the plastic bags.
means that the balance must have a sensitivity capable of providing both
5.8 Bag Cutting Knife, or scissors.
mass and volume values to at least four figures. For example, a sensitivity
5.9 Thermometer, readable to 1 °C (2 °F).
of 0.1 g would provide four significant figures for the determination of a
massintherangefrom130.0to999.9gwhenthespecificgravityis2.300.
6. Verification
5.2 Water Bath, with minimum dimensions (Length 3
6.1 System Verification:
Width 3 Depth) of 610 3 460 3 460 mm (24 3 18 3 18 in.)
6.1.1 The vacuum settings of the device shall be verified
or a large cylindrical container with a minimum diameter of
once every three months, after major repairs, and after each
460 mm and depth of 460 mm (18 3 18 in), for completely
shipment or relocation.
submerging the specimen in water while suspended, equipped
6.1.2 Place the gage inside the chamber and record the
with an overflow outlet for maintaining a constant water level
setting. The gage shall indicate a pressure of 6 mm Hg (6
and temperature controls to maintain the water temperature at
TORR) or less. The unit should not be used if the gage reading
25 6 1° C (77 6 2 °F).
is above 6 mm Hg (6 TORR).
NOTE 2—It is preferable to keep the water temperature constant by
6.1.3 Vacuum gage used for verification shall be verified for
using a temperature controlled heater. Also, to reduce the chance for the
accuracy once every three years.
bagtotouchthesidesofthewatertank,itispreferabletoelevatethewater
tank to a level at which the sample can be placed on the weighing NOTE 4—On line vacuum gages, while capable of indicating vacuum
mechanism while the operator is standing up (waist height), and the performance of the pump, are not suitable for use in enclosed vacuum
placement of the sample and the bag in the water tank can easily be chambers and can not accurately measure vacuum levels.
inspected.
7. Sampling
5.3 Cushioned holder,forwaterdisplacementofthesample,
7.1 Test specimens shall be molded from laboratory pre-
having no sharp edges.
pared samples or taken from the pavement in the field. Obtain
NOTE 3—To avoid accidental puncture of the plastic bags in the water
field samples in accordance with Practice D979 and D5361.
bath, plastic coated cushioned holders have been found to work well for
this test method.
8. Test Specimen
5.4 Vacuum Chamber, with a pump capable of evacuating a
8.1 It is recommended, (1) that the diameter of cylindrically
sealed and enclosed chamber to a pressure of 6 mm Hg, when
molded or cored specimens, or the length of the sides of sawed
at sea level. The chamber shall be large enough to test samples
specimens be at least equal to four times the maximum size of
150 mm wide by 350 mm long by 150 mm thick. The device
the aggregate; and (2) that the thickness of specimens be at
shall automatically seal the plastic bag and exhaust air back
least one and one half times the maximum size of the
into the chamber in a controlled manner to ensure proper
aggregate. Pavement specimens are to be taken by such means
conformanceoftheplastictothespecimen.Theairexhaustand
as coring, sawing of blocks, and so forth.
vacuum operation time shall be set at the factory so that the
8.2 Take care to avoid distortion, bending, or cracking of
chamber is brought to atmospheric pressure in 80 to 125
specimens during and after removal from pavement or mold.
seconds, after the completion of the vacuum operation . The
Store specimens in a safe, cool place.
vacuum system shall be provided with a latch to control the
8.3 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials, such as
chamber door opening.
sealcoat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil.
5.5 A Vacuum Measurement Gage, independent of the
When any of these materials are visually evident,
...
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