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ASTM E2623-14(2021)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Reporting Thermometer Calibrations

Standard Practice for Reporting Thermometer Calibrations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is adequate for use with all ASTM Test Methods which require the reporting of temperature measurements.  
5.2 The Report of Calibration, however named, is the physical output of the calibration laboratory. It shall be prepared so that both the results of the measurement(s) and the non-technical information necessary to support those results are conveyed in a manner that ensures accurate communication and justification of the results.  
5.3 This practice is not meant to supersede requirements of other standards practice such as ISO/IEC 17025 or ANSI/NCSL Z540.3.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice contains reporting requirements for thermometer calibrations included in ASTM Committee E20 Test Methods.  
1.2 This practice covers reports of calibration for radiation thermometers, liquid-in-glass thermometers, resistance thermometers, digital thermometers, and new thermocouples.
Note 1: This practice does not apply to used thermocouples.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2021
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E20 - Temperature Measurement
Drafting Committee
E20.07 - Fundamentals in Thermometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E2623-14(2021) - Standard Practice for Reporting Thermometer Calibrations
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2623 − 14 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
1
Reporting Thermometer Calibrations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Compe-
3
tence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
1.1 This practice contains reporting requirements for ther-
JCGM100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data—Guide
mometer calibrations included in ASTM Committee E20 Test
to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
Methods.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 Uncertainty of Measurement—Part 3:
1.2 This practice covers reports of calibration for radiation
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
thermometers, liquid-in-glass thermometers, resistance
(GUM:1995)
thermometers, digital thermometers, and new thermocouples.
NIST Technical Note 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating and
NOTE 1—This practice does not apply to used thermocouples.
Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Results, 1994 Edition
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
UKAS M3003 The Expression of Uncertainty and Confi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dence in Measurement, Edition 2
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ANSI/NCSL Z540.2-1997 (R2002) U.S. Guide to the Ex-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pression of Uncertainty in Measurement
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Definitions—Definitions given in Terminology E344,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
practice.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 correction, n—numerical value added to the uncor-
2
rected result of a measurement to compensate for errors.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The correction is equal to the negative
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
of the estimated errors. Since the systematic error cannot be
mometers
known perfectly, the compensation cannot be complete.
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
3.2.2 error, n—the indication of a thermometer or tempera-
E1137 SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
ture measuring device minus the true value of the correspond-
mometers
ing input quantity.
2.2 Other Standards or Guides: 3.2.2.1 Discussion—Since the true value cannot be
ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 American National Standard for determined, in practice a conventional true value is used. This
Calibration—Calibration Laboratories and Measuring and concept applies mainly when the instrument is compared to a
3
Test Equipment—General Requirements reference standard.
3.2.3 gradient zone, n—thesectionofathermocouplethatis
exposed during a measurement to temperatures in the range
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE20onTemperature
from t + 0.1(t – t )to t + 0.9(t – t ), where t is
Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Funda- amb m amb amb m amb amb
mentals in Thermometry.
ambienttemperatureand t isthetemperatureofthemeasuring
m
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
junction (all in °C).
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2623 – 14. DOI:
3.2.3.1 Discussion—This term is used in thermocouple cali-
10.1520/E2623-14R21.
2
bration reports as part of the description of the thermal profile
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
along the length of the thermocouple. Although thermocouple
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
emf is a function of the measuring and reference junction
the ASTM website.
3
temperatures, the emf is actually generated along the length of
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. thethermocouple,whereverthethermoelementspassthrougha
Copyright © ASTM Internat
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to be used by wire producers and thermocouple manufacturers for certification of refractory metal thermocouples. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration of refractory metal thermocouples referenced to a calibrated radiation thermometer. Uncertainty in calibration and operation of the radiation thermometer, and proper construction and use of the test furnace are of primary importance.  
5.2 Calibration establishes the temperature-emf relationship for a particular thermocouple under a specific temperature and chemical environment. However, during high temperature calibration or application at elevated temperatures in vacuum, oxidizing, reducing or contaminating environments, and depending on temperature distribution, local irreversible changes may occur in the Seebeck Coefficient of one or both thermoelements. If the introduced inhomogeneities are significant, the emf from the thermocouple will depend on the distribution of temperature between the measuring and reference junctions.  
5.3 At high temperatures, the accuracy of refractory metal thermocouples may be limited by electrical shunting errors through the ceramic insulators of the thermocouple assembly. This effect may be reduced by careful choice of the insulator material, but above approximately 2100 °C, the electrical shunting errors may be significant even for the best insulators available.
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1.1 This test method covers the calibration of refractory metal thermocouples using a radiation thermometer as the standard instrument. This test method is intended for use with types of thermocouples that cannot be exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere. These procedures are appropriate for thermocouple calibrations at temperatures above 800 °C (1472 °F).  
1.2 The calibration method is applicable to the following thermocouple assemblies:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Bare-wire thermocouple assemblies in which vacuum or an inert or reducing gas is the only electrical insulating medium between the thermoelements.  
1.2.2 Type 2—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements.  
1.2.3 Type 2A—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements, permanently enclosed and sealed in a loose fitting metal or ceramic tube.  
1.2.4 Type 3—Swaged assemblies in which a refractory insulating powder is compressed around the thermoelements and encased in a thin-walled tube or sheath made of a high melting point metal or alloy.  
1.2.5 Type 4—Thermocouple assemblies in which one thermoelement is in the shape of a closed-end protection tube and the other thermoelement is a solid wire or rod that is coaxially supported inside the closed-end tube. The space between the two thermoelements can be filled with an inert or reducing gas, or with ceramic insulating materials, or kept under vacuum.  
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This specification establishes the required material, processing and testing requirements, and also the optional supplementary testing and quality assurance and verification choices for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed, base metal thermocouple cables with at least two thermoelements. The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation. The required tests to which the thermocouple cables shall undergo for quality verification are dimensions, insulation resistance at room temperature, calibration, electrical continuity, insulation density, sheath integrity, and EMF versus temperature values.
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1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), base metal thermocouple cable,2 with at least two thermoelements.3  
1.2 This specification describes the required material, processing and testing requirements, optional supplementary testing, quality assurance, and verification choices.  
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ASTM E235/E235M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Type K and Type N Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Thermocouples for Nuclear or for Other High-Reliability Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sheathed, Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear service. This specification can be used for sheathed thermocouples which are required for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples are as follows: Style G2 (grounded) in which measuring junction is electrically connected to conductive sheaths and Style U2 (ungrounded) in which measuring junctions are electrically isolated from conductive sheaths and from reference ground. Different properties of the sheath such as integrity, cracks, voids, inclusions, surface finish, surface defect, and metallurgical structure shall be determined by performing different tests. Insulation resistance between thermoelements and the sheath shall be measured as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for simplex, compacted mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear or other high reliability service. Depending on size, these thermocouples are normally suitable for operating temperatures to 1652 °F [900 °C]; special conditions of environment and life expectancy may permit their use at temperatures in excess of 2012 °F [1100 °C]. This specification was prepared to detail requirements for this type of MIMS thermocouple for use in nuclear environments, but they can also be used for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The intended use of a MIMS thermocouple in a specific nuclear application will require evaluation of the compatibility of the thermocouple, including the effect of the temperature, atmosphere, and integrated neutron flux on the materials and accuracy of the thermoelements in the proposed application by the purchaser.  
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FIG. 1 Grounded Measuring Junction, Style G  
FIG. 2 Ungrounded Measuring Junction, Style U  
1.3.1 Style G2  (grounded)—The measuring junction is electrically connected to its conductive sheath, and  
1.3.2 Style U2 (ungrounded)—The measuring junction is electrically isolated from its conductive sheath and from reference ground.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the techniques and apparatus required for the accuracy verification of industrial platinum resistance thermometers constructed in accordance with Specification E1137/E1137M and the evaluation of calibration uncertainties. The procedures described apply over the range of -200 °C to 650 °C.  
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ASTM E1350-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Testing Sheathed Thermocouples, Thermocouple Assemblies, and Connecting Wires Prior to, and After Installation or Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test procedures confirm and document that the thermocouple assembly was not damaged prior to or during the installation process and that the extension wires are properly connected.  
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1.1 This guide covers methods for users to test metal sheathed thermocouple assemblies, including the extension wires just prior to and after installation or some period of service.  
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1.3.1.1 Thermoelements,
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1.3.2 Insulation Resistance:  
1.3.2.1 Insulation, thermocouple assembly,
1.3.2.2 Insulation, thermocouple assembly and extension wires.  
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1.3.3.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.3.2 Combined extension wires and thermocouple assembly.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification sets forth the requirements for duplex, types E, J, K, N and T thermocouple wire, insulated with E-glass, S-glass, amorphous silica fiber or polycrystalline fiber. This specification presents the requirements for impregnated and non-impregnated fiber insulated thermocouple wire for normally accepted industrial use. The material shall be classified as follows: Class A-Duplex; Class B-Duplex; Class C-Duplex; Class D-Duplex; Class E-Duplex; and Class F-Duplex. Thermoelements shall be solid thermocouple grade materials with a smooth, bright finish and shall be fully annealed prior to insulating. Individual thermoelements shall be covered with a braid, or double wrap (one wrap in each direction) of glass fibers, a braid of glass fibers, or braid of fibers.
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4.2 A supplement contains the requirements for insulated thermocouple wire that will be exposed to high humidity. The purchase order or inquiry shall specify if the requirements in this supplement are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification sets forth the requirements for duplex, types E, J, K, N and T thermocouple wire, insulated with E-glass, S-glass, amorphous silica fiber or polycrystalline fiber.  
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Standard Guide for the Preparation and Evaluation of Liquid Baths Used for Temperature Calibration by Comparison

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The design of a controlled temperature bath will determine what thermometers can be calibrated and to what extent an isothermal condition is achieved. The lack of thermal stability and uniformity of the bath are sources of error that contribute to the overall calibration uncertainty.  
5.2 This guide describes a procedure for determining the effective working space for a controlled temperature fluid bath.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use with controlled temperature comparison baths that contain test fluids and operate within the temperature range of –100 °C to 550 °C.  
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1.6 This guide does not address fluidized powder baths.  
1.7 This guide does not address baths that are programmed to change temperature.  
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Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Infrared Thermometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidelines and basic test methods for the use of infrared thermometers. The purpose of this guide is to provide a basis for users of IR thermometers to make more accurate measurements, to understand the error in measurements, and reduce the error in measurements.
SCOPE
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1.2 The devices covered by this guide are referred to as IR thermometers.  
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1.4 This guide covers best practice in using IR thermometers. It addresses concerns that will help the user make better measurements. It also provides graphical tables to help determine the accuracy of measurements.  
1.5 Details on the design and construction of IR thermometers are not covered in this guide.  
1.6 This guide addresses general information on emissivity and how to deal with emissivity when making measurements with an IR thermometer.  
1.7 This guide contains basic information on the classification of different types of IR thermometers.  
1.8 The values of quantities stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values of quantities in parentheses are not in SI and are optional.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E1502-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Use of Fixed-Point Cells for Reference Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A pure material has a well defined phase transition behavior, and the phase transition plateau, a characteristic of the material, can serve as a reproducible reference temperature for the calibration of thermometers. The melting or freezing points of some highly purified metals have been designated as defining fixed points on ITS-90. The fixed points of other materials have been determined carefully enough that they can serve as secondary reference points (see Tables 1 and 2). This guide presents information on the phase transition process as it relates to establishing a reference temperature. (A) Defining fixed point for ITS-90.(B) Realized as melting point.(C) Based on recommendation of International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) Working Group 2 of the Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie (CCT-WG2); published as: Bedford, R. E., Bonnier, G., Maas, H., and Pavese, F., "Recommended Values of Temperature on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 for a Selected Set of Secondary Reference Points", Metrologia, Vol 33, 1996, pp. 133. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/33/2/3.  (A) Values for cells of good design, construction, and material purity used with careful technique. Cells of lesser quality may not approach these values.(B) Realized as melting point.  
5.2 Fixed-point cells provide users with a means of realizing melting and freezing points. If the cells are appropriately designed and constructed, if they contain material of adequate purity, and if they are properly used, they can establish reference temperatures with uncertainties of a few millikelvins or less. This guide describes some of the design and use considerations.  
5.3 Fixed-point cells can be constructed and operated less stringently than required for millikelvin uncertainty, yet still provide reliable, durable, easy-to-use fixed points for a variety of industrial calibration and heat treatment purposes. For example, any freezing-point cell can be operated, often advantageously, as a melting-po...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the essential features of fixed-point cells and auxiliary apparatus, and the techniques required to realize fixed points in the temperature range from 29 °C to 1085 °C.3  
1.2 Design and construction requirements of fixed-point cells are not addressed in this guide. Typical examples are given in Figs. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 Examples of Fixed-Point Cells  
FIG. 2 Example of Fixed-Point Furnace  
Note 1: This example shows an insulated furnace body and two alternative types of furnace cores. The core on the left is a three-zone shielded type. The core on the right employs a heat pipe to reduce temperature gradients.  
1.3 This guide is intended to describe good practice and establish uniform procedures for the realization of fixed points.  
1.4 This guide emphasizes principles. The emphasis on principles is intended to aid the user in evaluating cells, in improving technique for using cells, and in establishing procedures for specific applications.  
1.5 For the purposes of this guide, the use of fixed-point cells for the accurate calibration of thermometers is restricted to immersion-type thermometers that, when inserted into the reentrant well of the cell, (1) indicate the temperature only of the isothermal region of the well, and (2) do not significantly alter the temperature of the isothermal region of the well by heat transfer.  
1.6 This guide does not address all of the details of thermometer calibration.  
1.7 This guide is intended to complement special operating instructions supplied by manufacturers of fixed-point apparatus.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this guide. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of th...

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off