ASTM E936-98
(Practice)Standard Practice for Roof System Assemblies Employing Steel Deck, Preformed Roof Insulation, and Bituminous Built-Up Roofing
Standard Practice for Roof System Assemblies Employing Steel Deck, Preformed Roof Insulation, and Bituminous Built-Up Roofing
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for the design, components, construction, and service expectations of new roof system assemblies. For this purpose, the roof system always includes steel deck, preformed roof insulation, and bituminous built-up roofing, and their attachment. It may also include fire-resistive components, integral acoustical treatment, vapor retarder, adhesive or mechanical fastener attachment, and aggregates.
1.2 The objective is to provide realistic criteria for the overall performance of the roof assembly and its components because by necessity and custom, a roof assembly contains a variety of components and is subject to varied environmental conditions.
1.3 To assist in the successful implementation of the installation and service requirements of the roof system assembly, criteria are established to provide for compatibility of the various components.
1.4 Nothing in this practice is intended to exclude products or systems not covered by the documents referenced in Section 2.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E 936 – 98
Standard Practice for
Roof System Assemblies Employing Steel Deck, Preformed
Roof Insulation, and Bituminous Built-Up Roofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled
A 606 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for
Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with
the design, components, construction, and service expectations
Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
of new roof system assemblies. For this purpose, the roof
A 607 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-
system always includes steel deck, preformed roof insulation,
Strength, Low-Alloy Columbium or Vanadium, or Both,
and bituminous built-up roofing, and their attachment. It may
Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled
also include fire-resistive components, integral acoustical treat-
A 611 Specification for Structural Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
ment, vapor retarder, adhesive or mechanical fastener attach-
Cold-Rolled
ment, and aggregates.
A 653/A 653M Standard Specification for Steel Sheet,
1.2 The objective is to provide realistic criteria for the
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated
overall performance of the roof assembly and its components
(Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
because by necessity and custom, a roof assembly contains a
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
variety of components and is subject to varied environmental
C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
conditions.
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1.3 To assist in the successful implementation of the instal-
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
lation and service requirements of the roof system assembly,
C 208 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
criteria are established to provide for compatibility of the
C 209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
various components.
C 236 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Performance
1.4 Nothing in this practice is intended to exclude products
of Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot Box
or systems not covered by the documents referenced in Section
C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
2.
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 550 Practice for Measuring Trueness and Squareness of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Rigid Block Thermal Insulation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 552 Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C 578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Insulation
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C 726 Specification for Mineral Fiber Roof Insulation
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Board
must be used independently of the other.
C 728 Specification for Perlite Thermal Insulation Board
2. Referenced Documents
C 755 Practice for Selection of Vapor Retarders for Thermal
Insulation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1126 Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular
A 529/A 529M Specification for High-Strength Carbon-
Phenolic Thermal Insulation
Manganese Steel of Structural Quality
C 1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocya-
A 570/A 570M Specification for Structural Steel, Sheet and
nurate Thermal Insulation Board
D 41 Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on Performance
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 on Service-
ability. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
published as E 936 – 83. Last previous edition E 936 – 97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E936–98
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
D 146 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitumen- rials
Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and Wa- E 108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
terproofing E 119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
D 226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt and Materials
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing E 196 Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Flat
D 227 Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic Felt Roofs
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing E 241 Practices for Increasing Durability of Building Con-
8 11
D 244 Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalts structions Against Water-Induced Damage
D 249 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt) E 541 Criteria for Agencies Engaged in System Analysis
7 12
Surfaced with Mineral Granules and Compliance Assurance for Manufactured Building
7 11
D 312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
D 371 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt) E 651 Guidelines for Evaluating Capabilities of Agencies
Surfaced with Mineral Granules; Wide Selvage Involved in System Analysis and Compliance Assurance
D 450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, for Manufactured Building
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing E 699 Practice for Criteria for Evaluation of Agencies
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing, Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating
and Bituminous Materials Building Components in Accordance with Test Methods
D 1227 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt Used as a Promulgated By ASTM Committee E-6
Protective Coating for Roofing E 907 Test Method for Field Testing Uplift Resistance of
D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Adhered Membrane Roofing Systems
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus 2.2 Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM) Docu-
D 1863 Specification for Mineral Aggregate Used on ments:
Built-Up Roofs FM Approval Guide
D 2178 Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roof- Approval Standard 4450
ing and Waterproofing Class I Steel Deck Roofs
D 2626 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or- Approval Standard 4451 for Steel Deck Nominal 1 ⁄2in.
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing Deep As Component of Class I Insulated Steel Roof Deck
D 2822 Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement Construction
D 2823 Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings Approval Standard 4470 Class I Roof Covers
D 2824 Specification for Aluminum-Pigmented Asphalt FM 1-28 Loss Prevention Data Insulated Steel Deck
Roof Coatings, Non-Fibered Asbestos Fibered and Fibered FM-1-48 Loss Prevention Data SH Repair Procedures for
Without Asbestos Built-Up Roof Coverings Over Steel Decks
D 2829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-Up FM-1-49 Loss Prevention Data SH Perimeter Flashing
Roofs FM-1-52 Loss Prevention Data Wind Uplift
D 3617 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of New 2.3 Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. (UL) Documents:
Built-Up Roof Membranes Roofing Materials and Systems Directory
D 3909 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Glass Felt) Publication No. 1256—Outline of the Proposed Investiga-
Surfaced With Mineral Granules tion for Roof Deck Construction
D 4077 Specification for Coal Tar Roof Cement, Asbestos U.L. 580 Standard for Safety, Tests for Wind Uplift Resis-
Containing tance of Roof Assemblies
D 4479 Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings, Asbestos- Fire Resistance Directory
Free 2.4 National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA)
D 4586 Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos- Document:
Free NRCA Energy Manual
D 4601 Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Base Bulletin 2-91
Sheet Used in Roofing Equiviscous Temperature (EVT)
D 4897 Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass-Fiber Vent- NRCA/ARMA Manual of Roof Maintenance and Repair
ing Base Sheet Used in Roofing ARMA/NRCA Quality Control Guidelines for the Applica-
D 4990 Specification for Coal Tar Glass Felt Used in tion of Built-Up Roofing
Roofing and Waterproofing
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Available from Factory Mutual Research Corporation, P.O. Box 688, Nor-
wood, MA 02062.
7 14
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04. Available from Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. brook, IL 60062.
9 15
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Available from National Roofing Contractors Assoc., 10255 West Higgins
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. Road, Suite 600, Rosemont, IL 60018-5607.
E936–98
Roofing and Waterproofing Manual, 1989 Ten Years of Roofing Research
In Service R-Values (ISR) for Polyisocyanurate and Poly-
3. Terminology
urethane Roof Insulation Boards
2.5 Steel Deck Institute (SDI) Document:
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D 1079 and Termi-
Steel Deck Institute Design Manual nology E 631.
2.6 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Standards:
4. Performance Concepts
Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel Structural
Members, August 19, 1986 Edition
4.1 Design—The roof system should be designed in accor-
2.7 American Institute of Architects (AIA):
dance with this practice to resist the effects of the usual or
Roof System Design Manual
normal weather and loading conditions which can cause
2.8 Canadian Roofing Contractors Association (CRCA): excessive deflection, destroy adhesive bond, fracture the insu-
Roofing Manual lation, and result in premature failure of the roof system. Such
2.9 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- weather and loading conditions may include, but are not
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE): confined to water, wind, hail, snow, ice, and uniform and
concentrated loading, and thermal expansion and contraction
Roofing Insulation Recommendations
of building units. The roof system should be sloped to provide
2.10 Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Na-
drainage under design loading conditions and the design should
tional Association Standard:
sustain the anticipated live load if drainage is obstructed (see
Architectural Sheet Metal Manual, SMACMA
section 16.4).
2.11 The Aluminum Association Incorporated Standard:
4.2 Construction—During construction, the partially com-
Specification for Aluminum Sheet Metal Work in Building
pleted and the completed roof assembly should ( 1)be
Construction
protected against construction traffic and equipment to be used
2.12 Copper Development Association, Inc. Documents:
in the construction of the roof assembly and subsequent traffic
Architectural Applications 405/7R
and use by other trades and (2) provide weather protection
Base and Cap Flashings 402/9
consistent with the construction schedule requirements as
Sheet Copper Fundamentals 406/9
determined by the existing weather conditions.
Building Expansion Joints 408/70
4.3 Service—The roof system assembly when in service
2.13 American Welding Society (AWS) Standard:
should:
AWS D1.3-81, Specification for Welding Sheet Steel in
4.3.1 Be protected against anticipated building maintenance
Structures
procedures.
2.14 National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub-
4.3.2 Provide weather protection.
lications:
4.3.3 Provide thermal insulation.
Building Science Series No. 9—Thermal Shock Resistance
4.3.4 Provide a vapor retarder, if required.
for Built-up Membranes
4.3.5 Provide fire safety and uplift resistance as required by
Building Science Series No. 55—Preliminary Performance
the building owner, applicable building codes, or insurance
Criteria for Bituminous Membrane Roofing
underwriters.
Building Science Series No. 92—Viscosities of Roofing
4.3.6 Carry anticipated design dead loads and live loads.
Asphalts at Application Temperatures
4.3.7 Receive proper and periodic maintenance over its
Technical Note 473—Laboratory Field Comparisons of
service life.
Built-up Roofing Membranes
4.4 The components used in the roof system assembly
2.15 Midwest Roofing Contractors Association Document:
should be compatible with each other.
5. Design, Materials, and Construction Requirements
16 5.1 All components of the roof system should conform to
Available from Steel Deck Institute, P.O. Box 9506, Canton, OH 44711.
specific design criteria essential to provide an assembly ca-
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute, 1101 17th St., N.W., Suite
1300, Washington, DC 20036-4700.
pable of fulfilling the performance concepts.
Available from American Institute of Architects, 1735 New York Ave., NW,
Washington, DC 20006. NOTE 1—The spacing, and straightness, stiffness, and strength of the
Available from Canadian Roofing Contractors Assn., 116 Albert St., Ste 710,
steel deck supports are important to proper deck installation and should be
Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1P 5G3.
confirmed by the designer or their representative.
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Condi-
NOTE 2—For locations other than roof edge and nonwall supported
tioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.
details, the need for wood nailers should be determined by the designer or
Available from Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Assn.,
specifier.
4201 Lafayette Center Drive, Chantilly, VA 22021.
22 NOTE 3—The first layer of the preformed insulation can be more
Available from The Aluminum Association, 818 Connecticut Ave. NW,
positively secured by mechanical fasteners with the additional layers of
Washington, DC 20006.
preformed insulation fully adhered to the first layer.
Available from Copper Development Assn., Inc., 405 Lexington Ave., New
York, NY 10174.
Available from American Welding Society, 550 LaJeune, Coral Gables, FL
33134.
25 26
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Available from Midwest Roofing Contractors Assn., Suite 1000, Lawrence, KS
MD 20899. 66049-38
...
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