ASTM D2997-01(2007)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
ABSTRACT
This specification covers machine-made glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pressure pipe manufactured by the centrifugal casting process. Pipe covered by this specification has been found suitable for conveying gases, petroleum products, or corrosive fluids. For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers. Pipe meeting this specification shall be categorized by the prescribed long-term static or cyclic hydrostatic design basis when tested. Additionally, the pipe shall meet the applicable cell limit requirements for short-term rupture strength, longitudinal tensile strength, tensile modulus, and pipe stiffness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers machine-made glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pressure pipe manufactured by the centrifugal casting process. Included are a classification system and requirements for materials, mechanical properties, dimensions, performance, test methods, and marking.
Note 1—The term "fiberglass pipe" as described in Section 3 applies to both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP).
Note 2—Pipe covered by this specification has been found suitable for conveying gases, petroleum products, or corrosive fluids.Note 3—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.2 The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 4—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D2997 −01(Reapproved 2007) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Note 4 was editorially revised in April 2007.
1. Scope* D1599Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
1.1 This specification covers machine-made glass-fiber-
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
reinforced thermosetting-resin pressure pipe manufactured by
tics
the centrifugal casting process. Included are a classification
D2105Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of
system and requirements for materials, mechanical properties,
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
dimensions, performance, test methods, and marking.
Resin) Pipe and Tube
NOTE1—Theterm“fiberglasspipe”asdescribedinSection3appliesto
D2143 Test Method for Cyclic Pressure Strength of
both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and reinforced polymer
Reinforced, Thermosetting Plastic Pipe
mortar pipe (RPMP).
D2310 Classification for Machine-Made “Fiberglass”
NOTE 2—Pipe covered by this specification has been found suitable for
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
conveying gases, petroleum products, or corrosive fluids.
NOTE 3—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include
D2412Test Method for Determination of External Loading
natural polymers.
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
1.2 The values given in parentheses are for information D2992Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-
only. sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
NOTE 4—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
D3567PracticeforDeterminingDimensionsof“Fiberglass”
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
Fittings
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3. Terminology
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
tions prior to use.
nologies D883 and F412 and abbreviations with Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
3.2.1 aggregate, n—a siliceous sand conforming to the
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing requirements of Specification C33, except that the require-
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
ments for gradation shall not apply.
D1598Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
3.2.2 centrifugal casting, n—a manufacturing process used
Under Constant Internal Pressure
to produce tubular goods by applying resin and reinforcement
to the inside of a mold that is rotated and heated, subsequently
1 polymerizing the resin system. The outside diameter (OD) of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced the finished pipe is fixed by the inside diameter (ID) of the
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
moldtube.Theinsidediameterofthepipeisdeterminedbythe
Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
amount of material introduced into the mold.
papproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2997–01. DOI:
10.1520/D2997-01R07E01.
3.2.3 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
thermosetting resin; the composite structure may contain
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D2997−01 (2007)
pigments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or 4.1.5 Mechanical Properties—Table 2 presents a cell clas-
coatings may be included. sification system for identifying the mechanical properties of
pipe covered by this specification.
3.2.4 liner, n—theinnerportionofthewallatleast0.005in.
(0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 7.4 which does not
NOTE 5—All possible combinations covered by the preceding classifi-
contribute to the strength in the determination of the hydro-
cation system may not be commercially available.
static design basis.
4.1.6 Designation Code—The pipe designation code shall
3.2.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP), n—a fiber-
consist of the abbreviation RTRP or RPMP, followed by the
glass pipe with aggregate. typeandgradeinArabicnumerals,theclassandstaticorcyclic
hydrostaticdesignbasislevelincapitalletters,andfourArabic
3.2.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), n—afi-
numbers identifying, respectively, the cell classification desig-
berglass pipe without aggregate.
nations of the short-term rupture strength, longitudinal tensile
3.2.7 reinforced wall thickness, n—the total wall thickness
strength, tensile modulus, and pipe stiffness. Thus, a complete
minus the liner or exterior surface resin layer thickness, or
pipe designation code shall consist of four letters, two
both.
numerals, two letters, and four numerals.
4.1.6.1 Example—RTRP-21CA-1334. Such a designation
4. Classification
would describe a centrifugally cast, glass-fiber-reinforced,
4.1 General—Pipemeetingthisspecificationisclassifiedby
epoxy pipe having a nonreinforced epoxy liner; a long-term
type, grade, class, and hydrostatic design basis in accordance
cyclic pressure strength level exceeding 2500 psi (17.2 MPa);
with Classification D2310, and by a secondary cell classifica-
ashort-termrupturestrengthexceeding4000psi(27.6MPa);a
tion system that defines the basic mechanical properties of the
longitudinal tensile strength exceeding 16 000 psi (110 MPa);
pipe. These types, grades, classes, hydrostatic design basis
a longitudinal tensile modulus exceeding 1.5 by 10 psi
categories, and cell classification designations are as follows:
(10 300 MPa); and a pipe stiffness of 72 psi (496 kPa).
4.1.1 Types:—Type II
NOTE 6—Although the Form and Style for ASTM Standards manual
Centrifugally cast pipe.
requires that the type classification be roman numerals, it is recognized
4.1.2 Grades:—Grade 1
that few companies have stencil-cutting equipment for this style of type,
Glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy-resin pipe.
and it is therefore acceptable to mark the product type in arabic numbers.
Grade 2—Glass-fiber-reinforced polyester-resin pipe.
Grade 3—Glass-fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene-
5. Materials
resin pipe.
5.1 General—The resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers,
Grade 8—Glass-fiber-reinforced polyester-resin mortar
and other materials, when combined as a composite structure,
pipe.
shall produce a pipe that shall be classified in accordance to
Grade 9—Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin mortar pipe.
this specification based on performance.
4.1.3 Classes:—Class A
No liner.
6. Requirements
Class B—Polyester-resin liner, nonreinforced.
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be free from all defects,
Class C—Epoxy-resin liner, nonreinforced.
including indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, for-
Class D—Polydicyclopentadiene-resin liner, nonreinforced.
eign inclusions, and resin-starved areas which, as a result of
4.1.4 Hydrostatic Design Basis—Two methods of classify-
their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength
ing the hydrostatic design basis of the pipe are provided. Pipe
and serviceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as
meeting this specification may be classified using either the
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
cyclic test method or the static test method, or both, and the
physical properties. The pipe shall be round and straight, and
designations are shown in Table 1. Appendix X1 explains how
theboreofthepipeshallbesmoothanduniform.Allpipeends
to use the design basis categories shown in Table 1.
shallbecutatrightanglestotheaxisofthepipe,andanysharp
edges removed.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
TABLE 1 Hydrostatic Design Basis Categories
6.2.1 Outside Diameter—The outside diameter and toler-
Cyclic Test Method Static Test Method
ances of pipe meeting this specification shall conform to the
Hoop Stress, Hoop Stress,
requirements in Table 3, when determined in accordance with
Designation Designation
psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
7.4.
6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness of pipe
A 2 500 (17.2) Q 5 000 (34.5)
B 3 150 (21.7) R 6 300 (43.4) furnished under this specification shall not at any point be less
C 4 000 (27.6) S 8 000 (55.2)
than 87.5% of the nominal wall thickness published in the
D 5 000 (34.5) T 10 000 (68.9)
manufacturer’sliterature,currentatthetimeofpurchase,when
E 6 300 (43.4) U 12 500 (86.2)
measured in accordance with 7.4.
F 8 000 (55.2) W 16 000 (110)
G 10 000 (68.9) X 20 000 (138)
6.2.3 LinerThickness—ExceptforClassAunlinedproducts,
H 12 500 (86.2) Y 25 000 (172)
all other classes shall have a minimum liner thickness of 0.005
X 31 500 (217)
in. (5 mil), when measured in accordance with 7.4.
´1
D2997−01
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.