ASTM D6087-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides information on the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete without necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destructive procedures.
3.2 This test method also provides information on the condition of bridge decks without overlays and with portland cement concrete overlays.
3.3 A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitation requires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In the past, data has been collected using the traditional methods of visual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring. Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive, and of limited accuracy. Consequently, GPR provides a mechanism to rapidly survey bridges in an efficient, nondestructive manner.
3.4 Information on the condition of asphalt-covered concrete bridge decks is needed to estimate bridge deck condition for maintenance and rehabilitation, to provide cost-effective information necessary for rehabilitation contracts.
3.5 GPR is currently the only nondestructive method that can evaluate bridge deck condition on bridge decks containing an asphalt overlay.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers several ground penetrating radar (GPR) evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. These procedures can also be used for bridge decks overlaid with portland cement concrete and for bridge decks without an overlay. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of concrete or rebar deterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforcing bar.
1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also be initiated by the intrusion of water and aggravated by subsequent freeze/thaw cycles, causing damage to the concrete and subsequent debonding of the reinforcing steel with the surrounding compromised concrete.
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.
1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-contaminated concrete provides a pathway for the chloride ions to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to locate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated concrete.
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations that are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of electromagnetic waves, since th...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6087 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using
1
Ground Penetrating Radar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6087; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-
contaminatedconcreteprovidesapathwayforthechlorideions
1.1 This test method covers several ground penetrating
to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of
radar(GPR)evaluationproceduresthatcanbeusedtoevaluate
particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to
the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic
locate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but
concrete wearing surfaces. These procedures can also be used
also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated
for bridge decks overlaid with portland cement concrete and
concrete.
for bridge decks without an overlay. Specifically, this test
method predicts the presence or absence of concrete or rebar
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating
deterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforc-
bridgeswithdelaminationsthatarelocalizedoverthediameter
ing bar.
of the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic
1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by
protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or
thecorrosionofembeddedreinforcementorthedecomposition
for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt
of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is
(that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect
that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement.
reflectors of electromagnetic waves, since the wave imped-
Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and
ances for metals are zero.
ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In
1.4 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been
arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions
developed, the test method is to be used for research and
contained in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also be
informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should
initiated by the intrusion of water and aggravated by subse-
quent freeze/thaw cycles, causing damage to the concrete and not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for
subsequent debonding of the reinforcing steel with the sur-
purchasing purposes.
rounding compromised concrete.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at
standard.
orjustabovethelevelofthereinforcement.Thefractureplane,
or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the rein-
which provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes
forcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete
as requirements of the standard.
surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Bridges and Structures.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6087 − 08 (Reapproved 2015) D6087 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using
1
Ground Penetrating Radar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6087; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Removed converted inch-pound units editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers several ground penetrating radar (GPR) evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the
condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. These procedures can also be used for bridge
decks overlaid with portland cement concrete and for bridge decks without an overlay. Specifically, this test method predicts the
presence or absence of concrete or rebar deterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforcing bar.
1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition of
concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement.
Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid
climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also be initiated by
the intrusion of water and aggravated by subsequent freeze/thaw cycles, causing damage to the concrete and subsequent debonding
of the reinforcing steel with the surrounding compromised concrete.
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above
the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area,
especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on
different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface.
However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the
structural integrity of the deck.
1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with
non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-contaminated concrete provides a pathway for the chloride ions to initiate
corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to locate not only the
areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated concrete.
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations that are localized over the diameter of the
reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a
conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of
electromagnetic waves, since the wave impedances for metals are zero.
1.4 A precision and bias statement Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed at this time. developed, the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on Bridges
and Structures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2022. Published July 2015November 2022. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
ɛ1
D6087 – 08.D6087 – 08 (2015) . DOI: 10.1520/D6087-08R15E01.10.1520/D6087-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6087 − 22
test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance
or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provid
...
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