ASTM C1601-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetration and leakage of a masonry system.
Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this method have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry wall surfaces.
The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials, workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding performance.
It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be developed and maintained on the wall surface during testing. In some cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the application of a coating, or other factors, a sheet of water will not consistently form. In those cases, results of this test method will likely be inaccurate.
This test method is similar to but distinct from the laboratory Test Method E 514. This field test method is designed to test in-situ walls. E 514 laboratory test method is designed to test laboratory wall specimens. This test method determines water...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and tested within the requirements of this standard.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not directly comparable with the laboratory standard Test Method E 514.
1.3 Surface penetration, as determined by this test method, is defined as the amount of water passing through the wall surface exposed to testing per unit time per unit area. This property is not directly comparable to overall water penetration and leakage, which are typically defined as the amount of water travelling completely through a masonry system.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1601–09
Standard Test Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
penetrationofamasonrywallsurfaceunderspecificwaterflow Terminology C1232.
rate and air pressure conditions.This test is intended for use on
4. Significance and Use
any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented
and tested within the requirements of this standard. 4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures
and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are
not directly comparable with the laboratory standard Test surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry
wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetra-
Method E514.
1.3 Surface penetration, as determined by this test method, tion and leakage of a masonry system.
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade
is defined as the amount of water passing through the wall
surface exposed to testing per unit time per unit area. This masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductiv-
ity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded
property is not directly comparable to overall water penetration
andleakage,whicharetypicallydefinedastheamountofwater metal items, and water leakage.
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ
travelling completely through a masonry system.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this
method have been comparison of water penetration rates of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of
coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate
and are not considered standard.
the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
tions, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address wall surfaces.
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience
all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The
resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types
accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without
2. Referenced Documents
deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep
C1232 Terminology of Masonry holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall
E514 Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding
Through Masonry performance.
4.5 It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be
developedandmaintainedonthewallsurfaceduringtesting.In
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on some cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
application of a coating, or other factors, a sheet of water will
C15.04 on Research.
not consistently form. In those cases, results of this test method
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
will likely be inaccurate.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1601 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/C1601-09.
4.6 This test method is similar to but distinct from the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
laboratory Test Method E514. This field test method is de-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
signed to test in-situ walls. E514 laboratory test method is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. designed to test laboratory wall specimens. This test method
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1601–08 Designation:C1601–09
Standard Test Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow
rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and
tested within the requirements of this standard.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not directly comparable with the laboratory standard Test Method
E 514.
1.3 Surface penetration, as determined by this test method, is defined as the amount of water passing through the wall surface
exposed to testing per unit time per unit area. This property is not directly comparable to overall water penetration and leakage,
which are typically defined as the amount of water travelling completely through a masonry system.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
E 514 Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C 1232.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface
penetrationofwateratasinglelocationonamasonrywall.Itisnotdesignedtodeterminetheoverallwaterpenetrationandleakage
of a masonry system.
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity,
durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this method
have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings.Alternative
procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry wall surfaces.
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain.The resistance
to water penetration is dependent on materials, workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types accommodate large
volumesofwaterpenetration,withoutdeleteriouseffects,throughthepresenceofproperlydesignedandinstalleddrainagesystems
including flashing and weep holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall wall system may lead to incorrect
conclusions regarding performance.
4.5 It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be developed and maintained on the wall surface during testing. In some
cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the application of a coating, or other factors, a sheet of water will not consistently
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC15onManufacturedMasonryUnitsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC15.04onResearch.
Current edition approved Nov.June 1, 2008.2009. Published November 2008.June 2009. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as
C 1601 – 068.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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