ASTM E936-98(2004)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Roof System Assemblies Employing Steel Deck, Preformed Roof Insulation, and Bituminous Built-Up Roofing (Withdrawn 2012)
Standard Practice for Roof System Assemblies Employing Steel Deck, Preformed Roof Insulation, and Bituminous Built-Up Roofing (Withdrawn 2012)
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the performance requirements for the design, components, construction, and service expectations of new roof system assemblies that always include steel deck, preformed roof insulation, and bituminous built-up roofing, and their attachment. It may also include fire-resistive components, integral acoustical treatment, vapor retarder, adhesive or mechanical fastener attachment, and aggregates.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for the design, components, construction, and service expectations of new roof system assemblies. For this purpose, the roof system always includes steel deck, preformed roof insulation, and bituminous built-up roofing, and their attachment. It may also include fire-resistive components, integral acoustical treatment, vapor retarder, adhesive or mechanical fastener attachment, and aggregates.
1.2 The objective is to provide realistic criteria for the overall performance of the roof assembly and its components because by necessity and custom, a roof assembly contains a variety of components and is subject to varied environmental conditions.
1.3 To assist in the successful implementation of the installation and service requirements of the roof system assembly, criteria are established to provide for compatibility of the various components.
1.4 Nothing in this practice is intended to exclude products or systems not covered by the documents referenced in Section 2.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the performance requirements for the design, components, construction, and service expectations of new roof system assemblies. For this purpose, the roof system always includes steel deck, preformed roof insulation, and bituminous built-up roofing, and their attachment. It may also include fire-resistive components, integral acoustical treatment, vapor retarder, adhesive or mechanical fastener attachment, and aggregates.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing, this practice was withdrawn in October 2012 because it no longer has validity within the roofing industry.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E936 −98(Reapproved 2004) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Roof System Assemblies Employing Steel Deck, Preformed
Roof Insulation, and Bituminous Built-Up Roofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
thedesign,components,construction,andserviceexpectations A446/A446MSpecification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
of new roof system assemblies. For this purpose, the roof (Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip Process, Structural (Physi-
system always includes steel deck, preformed roof insulation, cal) Quality (Withdrawn 1994)
and bituminous built-up roofing, and their attachment. It may A529/A529M Specification for High-Strength Carbon-
also include fire-resistive components, integral acoustical Manganese Steel of Structural Quality
treatment, vapor retarder, adhesive or mechanical fastener A570/A570MSpecification for Structural Steel, Sheet and
attachment, and aggregates. Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled (Withdrawn 2000)
A606 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-
1.2 The objective is to provide realistic criteria for the
Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with
overall performance of the roof assembly and its components
Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
because, by necessity and custom, a roof assembly contains a
A607 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-
variety of components and is subject to varied environmental
Strength, Low-Alloy, Columbium or Vanadium, or Both,
conditions.
Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled (Withdrawn 1998)
1.3 To assist in the successful implementation of the instal-
A611Specification for Structural Steel (SS), Sheet, Carbon,
lation and service requirements of the roof system assembly,
Cold-Rolled (Withdrawn 2000)
criteria are established to provide for compatibility of the
A653/A653MSpecification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
various components.
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)
1.4 Nothing in this practice is intended to exclude products by the Hot-Dip Process
B117Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
orsystemsnotcoveredbythedocumentsreferencedinSection
2. C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C208Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
C209Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
must be used independently of the other.
C236TestMethodforSteady-StateThermalPerformanceof
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot Box
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3
(Withdrawn 2001)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C550Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squareness
1 2
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofingand For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Waterproofingand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Membrane Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E936–98. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
E0936-98R04. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E936−98 (2004)
of Rigid Block and Board Thermal Insulation D4479Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings—Asbestos-
C552Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation Free
D4586Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-
C578Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal
Free
Insulation
D4601Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Base
C726Specification for Mineral Wool Roof Insulation Board
Sheet Used in Roofing
C728Specification for Perlite Thermal Insulation Board
D4897SpecificationforAsphalt-CoatedGlass-FiberVenting
C755Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for
Base Sheet Used in Roofing
Thermal Insulation
D4990SpecificationforCoalTarGlassFeltUsedinRoofing
C1013Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanu-
and Waterproofing
rate Roof Insulation (Withdrawn 1997)
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
C1126Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular
Building Materials
Phenolic Thermal Insulation
E96/E96MTest Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
C1289Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanu-
Materials
rate Thermal Insulation Board
E108Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
D41Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing,
E119Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
and Materials
D146Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitumen-
E196Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Low
Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and
Slope Roofs
Waterproofing
E241Guide for Limiting Water-Induced Damage to Build-
D226Specification forAsphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used
ings
in Roofing and Waterproofing
E541Specification forAgencies Engaged in SystemAnaly-
D227Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic Felt
sis and ComplianceAssurance for Manufactured Building
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
D244Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
E651/E651MPractice for Evaluating Capabilities of Agen-
D249Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
cies Involved in SystemAnalysis and ComplianceAssur-
Surfaced with Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2002)
ance for Manufactured Building
D312Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
E699Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Test-
D371Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
ing, QualityAssurance, and Evaluating of Building Com-
Surfaced with Mineral Granules; Wide Selvage (With- ponents
drawn 2002) E907Test Method for Field Testing Uplift Resistance of
D450Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Adhered Membrane Roofing Systems
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
2.2 Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM) Docu-
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
ments:
D1227Specification for Emulsified Asphalt Used as a Pro-
FM Approval Guide
tective Coating for Roofing
Approval Standard4450
D1310TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids Class I Steel Deck Roofs
Approval Standard4451for Steel Deck Nominal 1 ⁄2 in.
by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
DeepAs Component of Class I Insulated Steel Roof Deck
D1863 Specification for Mineral Aggregate Used on
Construction
Built-Up Roofs
Approval Standard4470Class I Roof Covers
D2178Specification forAsphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing
FM 1-28Loss Prevention Data Insulated Steel Deck
and Waterproofing
FM-1-48Loss Prevention Data SH Repair Procedures for
D2626Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
Built-Up Roof Coverings Over Steel Decks
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
FM-1-49Loss Prevention Data SH Perimeter Flashing
D2822Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-
FM-1-52Loss Prevention Data Wind Uplift
Containing
2.3 Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. (UL) Documents:
D2823Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings, Asbestos-
Roofing Materials and Systems Directory
Containing
Publication No. 1256—Outline of the Proposed Investiga-
D2824SpecificationforAluminum-PigmentedAsphaltRoof
tion for Roof Deck Construction
Coatings, Nonfibered, Asbestos Fibered, and Fibered
U.L. 580Standard for Safety, Tests for Wind Uplift Resis-
without Asbestos
tance of Roof Assemblies
D2829Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Existing
Fire Resistance Directory
Built-Up Roof Systems
D3617PracticeforSamplingandAnalysisofBuilt-UpRoof
Systems During Application
AvailablefromFactoryMutualResearchCorporation,P.O.Box688,Norwood,
D3909Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Glass Felt)
MA 02062.
Surfaced With Mineral Granules 5
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
D4077Specification for Cumene (Isopropylbenzene) Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
E936−98 (2004)
2.4 National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) 2.14 National Institute of Standards and Technology Publi-
6 16
Document: cations:
NRCA Energy Manual Building Science Series No. 9—ThermalShock Resistance
Bulletin 2-91 for Built-up Membranes
Equiviscous Temperature (EVT) Building Science Series No. 55—PreliminaryPerformance
NRCA/ARMA Manual of Roof Maintenance and Repair Criteria for Bituminous Membrane Roofing
ARMA/NRCA Quality Control Guidelines for the Applica- Building Science Series No. 92—Viscositiesof Roofing
tion of Built-Up Roofing Asphalts at Application Temperatures
Roofing and Waterproofing Manual, 1989 Technical Note 473—Laboratory Field Comparisons of
In Service R-Values (ISR) for Polyisocyanurate and Poly- Built-up Roofing Membranes
urethane Roof Insulation Boards 2.15 Midwest Roofing Contractors Association Docu-
ment:
2.5 Steel Deck Institute (SDI) Document:
Ten Years of Roofing Research
Steel Deck Institute Design Manual
2.6 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Standards: 3. Terminology
SpecificationfortheDesignofColdFormedSteelStructural
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D1079 and Termi-
Members, August 19,1986 Edition
nology E631.
2.7 American Institute of Architects (AIA):
4. Performance Concepts
Roof System Design Manual
4.1 Design—The roof system should be designed in accor-
2.8 Canadian Roofing Contractors Association (CRCA):
dance with this practice to resist the effects of the usual or
Roofing Manual
normal weather and loading conditions which can cause
2.9 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
excessive deflection, destroy adhesive bond, fracture the insu-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE):
lation, and result in premature failure of the roof system. Such
Roofing Insulation Recommendations
weather and loading conditions may include, but are not
2.10 Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Na-
confined to water, wind, hail, snow, ice, and uniform and
tional Association Standard:
concentrated loading, and thermal expansion and contraction
Architectural Sheet Metal Manual, SMACMA
of building units. The roof system should be sloped to provide
drainageunderdesignloadingconditionsandthedesignshould
2.11 The Aluminum Association Incorporated Standard:
sustain the anticipated live load if drainage is obstructed (see
Specification for Aluminum Sheet Metal Work in Building
16.4).
Construction
4.2 Construction—During construction, the partially com-
2.12 Copper Development Association, Inc. Documents:
pletedandthecompletedroofassemblyshould(1)beprotected
Architectural Applications 405/7R
against construction traffic and equipment to be used in the
Base and Cap Flashings 402/9
construction of the roof assembly and subsequent traffic and
Sheet Copper Fundamentals 406/9
use by other trades and (2) provide weather protection consis-
Building Expansion Joints 408/70
tentwiththeconstructionschedulerequirementsasdetermined
2.13 American Welding Society (AWS) Standard:
by the existing weather conditions.
AWS D1.3-81,Specification for Welding Sheet Steel in
4.3 Service—The roof system assembly when in service
Structures
should:
4.3.1 Be protected against anticipated building maintenance
procedures.
Available from National Roofing Contractors Assoc., 10255 West Higgins
4.3.2 Provide weather protection.
Road, Suite 600, Rosemont, IL 60018-5607.
Available from Steel Deck Institute (SDI), PO Box 25, Fox River Grove, IL
4.3.3 Provide thermal insulation.
60021-0025.
4.3.4 Provide a vapor retarder, if required.
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1101 17th St., NW,
4.3.5 Provide fire safety and uplift resistance as required by
Suite 1300, Washington, DC 20036.
the building owner, applicable building codes, or insurance
Available from American Institute of Architects, 1735 New York Ave., NW,
Washington, DC 20006.
underwriters.
Available from Canadian Roofing Contractors Assn., 155 Queen St., Suite
4.3.6 Carry anticipated design dead loads and live loads.
1300, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1P 6L1.
11 4.3.7 Receive proper and periodic maintenance over its
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA service life.
30329.
12 4.4 The components used in the roof system assembly
AvailablefromSheetMetalandAirConditioningContractors’NationalAssn.,
4201 Lafayette Center Drive, Chantilly, VA 22021. should be compatible with each other.
Available from The Aluminum Association, 818 Connecticut Ave. NW,
Washington, DC 20006.
14 16
Available from Copper Development Assn., Inc.,260 Madison Ave., 16th Fl., Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau
New York, NY 10016. Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899–3460.
15 17
Available fromTheAmericanWelding Society (AWS), 550 NWLeJeune Rd., Available from Midwest Roofing ContractorsAssn., 4840West 15th St., Suite
Miami, FL 33126. 1000, Lawrence, KS 66049-3876.
E936−98 (2004)
5. Design, Materials, and Construction Requirements REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPONENTS
5.1 All components of the roof system should conform to
6. Steel Roof Deck
specific design criteria essential to provide an assembly ca-
6.1 Design Guidelines—The steel deck should be designed
pable of fulfilling the performance concepts.
in accordance with the following provisions:
NOTE 1—The spacing and straightness, stiffness, and strength of the
NOTE 4—Load tables based on uniformly distributed loads are not the
steeldecksupportsareimportanttoproperdeckinstallationandshouldbe
sole determinant of deck section because concentrated loads (in excess of
confirmed by the designer or their representative.
1.3 kN [300 lb]) common to construction practi
...
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