ASTM D2698-05(2015)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method describes a rapid method for separating pigment from solvent-reducible paints.  
3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product acceptance and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the total paint and the separated vehicle.  
Note 1: This test method has been proven to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing severely bleeding pigments or pigments such as carbon black that are very difficult or impossible to centrifuge.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2015
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2698 − 05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible
1
Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
4.1 Laboratory Centrifuge, capable of developing 32 000 g
1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from
3
or higher.
solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent
pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the
5. Procedure
total paint and the separated vehicle.
5.1 Shake the sample for 10 min on a mechanical shaker,
NOTE 1—This test method has been proven to be applicable to most
stirwithapaddletoloosenanycakedpigment,andshakeagain
solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing
for10min.Ifnecessary,repeatuntiltherearenolumpspresent
severelybleedingpigmentsorpigmentssuchascarbonblackthatarevery
and the sample is thoroughly mixed.
difficult or impossible to centrifuge.
5.2 Add the mixed paint to the centrifuge container until
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sufficient paint is added to permit the recovery of 25 mL
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
minimum of clear vehicle. Revolve the bowl at 32 000 g or
standard.
higher for 15 min or until a clear vehicle is obtained.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.3 Transfer the vehicle carefully, so as not to dislodge any
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the pigment from the walls, into a jar that is immediately
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- capped to prevent any solvent losses by evaporation. Use this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- vehicle for the determination of the nonvolatile content of the
separated vehicle.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Percent Paint and Vehicle Solids
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Determine the percent nonvolatile content of the origi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nal paint and the separated vehicle in accordance with Test
D2369Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Method D2369.
7. Calculation
3. Significance and Use
7.1 Calculate the weight percent pigment of paint, P,as
3.1 Thistestmethoddescribesarapidmethodforseparating
follows:
pigment from solvent-reducible paints.
P 5 A 2 B 3100/100 2 B (1)
~ !
3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and con-
where:
sumers for product acceptance and process control.
A = nonvolatile content of paint,%, and
B = nonvolatile content of separated vehicle,%.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. A supercentrifuge or a centrifuge equipped with a high-speed head have been
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally found satisfactory for this purpose.Any centrifuge capable of developing 32 000 g
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2698–05 (2010). and having facilities for sealing the specimen to prevent solvent loss should also
DOI: 10.1520/D2698-05R15. prove to be satisfactory.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or To calculate the gravities developed by a particular centrifuge use the following
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM calculation:
2 −5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on g = rotating radius, cm×r ⁄min ×1.118×10
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2698 − 05 (Reapproved 2015)
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D2698 − 05 (2015)
8. Recovery of Pigment for Analysis 9.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two results,
each the mean of duplicate determinations obtained by opera-
8.1 The pigment may be completely recovered from the
torsindifferentlaboratories,willapproximate0.25%absolute.
centrifuge bowl and washed to remove residual vehicle. This
Two such values should be considered suspect if they differ by
may be done either by a Soxhlet extraction or washing the
more than 0.5% absolute.
pigment with a suitable solvent and rec
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2698 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D2698 − 05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible
1
Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent pigment
from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the total paint and the separated vehicle.
NOTE 1—This test method has been proven to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing severely
bleeding pigments or pigments such as carbon black that are very difficult or impossible to centrifuge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method describes a rapid method for separating pigment from solvent-reducible paints.
3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product acceptance and process control.
4. Apparatus
3
4.1 Laboratory Centrifuge, capable of developing 32 000 g or higher.
5. Procedure
5.1 Shake the sample for 10 min on a mechanical shaker, stir with a paddle to loosen any caked pigment, and shake again for
10 min. If necessary, repeat until there are no lumps present and the sample is thoroughly mixed.
5.2 Add the mixed paint to the centrifuge container until sufficient paint is added to permit the recovery of 25 mL minimum
of clear vehicle. Revolve the bowl at 32 000 g or higher for 15 min or until a clear vehicle is obtained.
5.3 Transfer the vehicle carefully, so as not to dislodge any of the pigment from the walls, into a jar that is immediately capped
to prevent any solvent losses by evaporation. Use this vehicle for the determination of the nonvolatile content of the separated
vehicle.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010June 1, 2015. Published December 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D2698 – 05.D2698 – 05 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D2698-05R10.10.1520/D2698-05R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
A supercentrifuge or a centrifuge equipped with a high-speed head have been found satisfactory for this purpose. Any centrifuge capable of developing 32 000 g and
having facilities for sealing the specimen to prevent solvent loss should also prove to be satisfactory.
To calculate the gravities developed by a particular centrifuge use the following calculation:
2 −5
g = g = rotating radius, cm × r ⁄ min × 1.118 × 10
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2698 − 05 (2015)
6. Percent Paint and Vehicle Solids
6.1 Determine the percent nonvolatile content of the original paint and the separated vehicle in accordance with Test Method
D2369.
7. Calculation
7.1 Calculate the weight percent pigment of paint, P, as follows:
P 5 ~A 2 B! 3100/100 2 B (1)
where:
A = nonvolatile content of paint, %, and
B = nonvolatile content of separated vehicle, %.
where:
A = nonvolatile content of paint, %, and
B = nonvolatile content of separated vehicle, %.
8. Recovery of Pigment for Analysis
8.1 The pigment may be completely rec
...