ASTM E2177-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (R<inf >L</inf>) of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The nighttime performance of pavement markings is determined by the coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL, be it dry or wet, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.
4.2 Under the same conditions of headlight illumination and driver’s viewing, larger values of RL correspond to higher levels of visual performance at corresponding geometry.
4.3 The pavement marking’s measured performance in the standard condition of wetness is used to characterize the performance of the marking on the road when wet.
4.4 Newly installed pavement markings may have a natural surface tension or release agents that prevent wetting of the product by water. The water will tend to “bead up” on the marking. This “non wetting” condition is usually short lived. Pavement markings that have been on the road for one month prior to testing usually do not exhibit this non-wetting phenomenon. (Warning–This phenomenon produces an interference when assessing the wet characteristics of a pavement marking. Attempts to measure markings with this surface “non-wetting” or “beading” of the water may give higher values.)
4.5 The retroreflectivity, RL, of pavement (road) markings degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.
4.6 For a given viewing distance, measurements of RL made with a retroreflectometer having a geometry corresponding to that viewing distance are a good indicator of the visual ranking of the material measured.
4.7 As specified by Test Method E1710, the measurement geometry of the instrument is based on a viewing distance of 30 m, an eye height of 1.2 m and a headlight mounting height of 0.65 m (see Appendix X1).
4.8 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an instrument having the specified observation and entrance angles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wet retroreflective (RL) properties of horizontal pavement marking materials, such as traffic stripes and road surface symbols, using a portable or mobile retroreflectometer that can be placed on or before the road marking to measure the retroreflection at the prescribed geometry.
1.2 This method of measuring the wet retroreflective properties (RL) of pavement markings measures the wet retroreflectivity in a standard condition of wetness (see Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Illustration of Measurement
1.2.1 Discussion—This test condition typically exists (1) after a rainfall has ended and the pavement markings are still wet or (2) as the markings are wet from dew or humidity.
1.3 Retroreflective performance obtained with this test in conditions of wetness does not necessarily relate to how markings perform in conditions of rain, that is, as markings are being rained upon. Test Method E2832 defines a method to measure the performance of pavement markings in conditions of simulated rain.
1.4 This test method specifies the use of portable or mobile reflectometers that can measure pavement markings in accordance with Test Method E1710.2 The entrance and observation angles required of the retroreflectometer in this test method are commonly referred to as “30 meter geometry.”2
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the...
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Designation:E2177 −18
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (R )
L
1
of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wet
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
retroreflective (R ) properties of horizontal pavement marking
L
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
materials, such as traffic stripes and road surface symbols,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
usingaportableormobileretroreflectometerthatcanbeplaced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
on or before the road marking to measure the retroreflection at
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the prescribed geometry.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This method of measuring the wet retroreflective prop-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
erties (R ) of pavement markings measures the wet retroreflec-
L
tivity in a standard condition of wetness (see Fig. 1).
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Discussion—This test condition typically exists (1)
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
after a rainfall has ended and the pavement markings are still
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
wet or (2) as the markings are wet from dew or humidity.
ASTM Test Methods
1.3 Retroreflective performance obtained with this test in
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
conditions of wetness does not necessarily relate to how
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
markings perform in conditions of rain, that is, as markings are
E965 Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture
being rained upon. Test Method E2832 defines a method to
Depth Using a Volumetric Technique
measure the performance of pavement markings in conditions
E1710 Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective
of simulated rain.
Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Ge-
ometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
1.4 This test method specifies the use of portable or mobile
E2832 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Ret-
reflectometers that can measure pavement markings in accor-
2
roreflected Luminance of Pavement Markings in a Stan-
dance withTest Method E1710. The entrance and observation
dard Condition of Continuous Wetting (R )
angles required of the retroreflectometer in this test method are L-2
2
2.2 Other Standard:
commonly referred to as “30 meter geometry.”
CEN–EN 1436 Road Marking Materials—Road Marking
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4
Performance for Road Users and Test Methods
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 coeffıcient of retroreflected luminance, R ,n—the ratio
L
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the luminance, L, of a projected surface to the normal
illuminance, E, at the surface on a plane normal to the incident
2
light, expressed in candelas per square meter per lux (cd/m /
1
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color lx ). Because of the low luminance of pavement markings, the
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on
units commonly used are millicandelas per square meter per
Retroreflection.
2
lux (mcd/m /lx).
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2177 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/E2177-18.
2 3
Reference ASTM E1710 “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retrore- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
flective Pavement Markings with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Retroreflectometer.” The standard measurement condition is intended to represent Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the angles corresponding to a distance of 30 m for the driver of a passenger car with the ASTM website.
4
an eye height of 1.2 m and a headlight height of 0.65 m above the road. See Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
Appendix X1. Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2177 − 11 E2177 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (R )
L
1
of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wet retroreflective (R ) properties of horizontal pavement marking
L
materials, such as traffic stripes and road surface symbols, using a portable or mobile retroreflectometer that can be placed on or
before the road marking to measure the retroreflection at the prescribed geometry.
1.2 This method of measuring the wet retroreflective properties (R ) of pavement markings measures the wet retroreflectivity
L
in a standard condition of wetness (see Fig. 1).
1.2.1 Discussion—This test condition typically exists (1) after a rainfall has ended and the pavement markings are still wet or
(2) as the markings are wet from dew or humidity.
1.3 Retroreflective performance obtained with this test in conditions of wetness does not necessarily relate to how markings
perform in conditions of rain, that is, as markings are being rained upon. Test Method E2832 defines a method to measure the
performance of pavement markings in conditions of simulated rain.
NOTE 1—Test Method E2176 defines a method to use to measure the performance of pavement markings in conditions of simulated rain.
1.4 This test method specifies the use of portable or mobile reflectometers that can measure pavement markings in accordance
2
with Test Method E1710. The entrance and observation angles required of the retroreflectometer in this test method are commonly
2
referred to as “30 meter geometry.”
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B965 Specification for High Performance Tin-Coated Annealed Copper Wire Intended for Electrical and Electronic Application
for Solderability
D6359 Specification for Minimum Retroreflectance of Newly Applied Pavement Marking Using Portable Hand-Operated
4
Instruments (Withdrawn 2006)
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E965 Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on Retroreflection.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011May 1, 2018. Published June 2011May 2018. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 as
E2177 – 01 (2009).E2177 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2177–11.10.1520/E2177-18.
2
Reference ASTM E1710 “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Markings with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable
Retroreflectometer.” The standard measurement condition is intended to represent the angles corresponding to a distance of 30 m for the driver of a passenger car with an
eye height of 1.2 m and a headlight height of 0.65 m above the road. See Appendix X1.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E2177 − 18
FIG. 1 Illustration
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