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ASTM D880-92(2021)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems

Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The impact test has been found useful in laboratory simulation of impacts such as those encountered in manual and mechanical handling and transportation. The impact test simulates some types of shocks that could occur in the handling of packages or shipping units and helps evaluate the ability of the package to protect the contents against these shocks. The test may also permit observation of progressive failure of a package and damage to the contents.  
5.2 The test results within a given laboratory using this test method may be useful for evaluating and comparing packages. However, because of the variability of test machines that have been used in the past, especially the impact surface (backstop), it has been found that interlaboratory correlation of test results has been poor.  
5.3 These procedures are not intended to simulate rail car coupling environment. Refer to Test Method D4003 and Test Methods D5277.  
5.4 This test method fulfills the requirement of ISO 2244.
Note 1: ISO 2244 may not meet the requirements for this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for conducting impact tests on loaded containers or shipping units (pallet loads), as follows:  
1.1.1 Procedure A, to test the ability of a container or shipping unit to withstand impacts, and  
1.1.2 Procedure B, to test the ability of a container or shipping unit or interior packing, or both, to provide protection to the contents, when subjected to impacts.  
1.2 Either of these two procedures may be used to evaluate different designs of containers of the same size and carrying the same load. These procedures are suitable for testing various types of containers such as boxes, crates, barrels, drums, kegs, bags, sacks, or pails made of various materials or combinations of materials and for shipping units such as pallet loads or palletized units.  
1.3 The procedures described in this test method are particularly suitable for testing large or heavily loaded containers.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D880-92(2021) - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and SystemsASTM D880-92(2021) - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
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ASTM D880-92(2021) - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D880 − 92 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
1
Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for conducting 2.1 ASTM Standards:
impact tests on loaded containers or shipping units (pallet D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
loads), as follows:
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
1.1.1 Procedure A, to test the ability of a container or
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
shipping unit to withstand impacts, and
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
1.1.2 Procedure B, to test the ability of a container or
Packaging Components for Testing
shipping unit or interior packing, or both, to provide protection
D5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal
to the contents, when subjected to impacts.
Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
1.2 Either of these two procedures may be used to evaluate
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
differentdesignsofcontainersofthesamesizeandcarryingthe
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
same load. These procedures are suitable for testing various
Lot or Process
types of containers such as boxes, crates, barrels, drums, kegs,
2.2 ISO Standard:
bags, sacks, or pails made of various materials or combinations
ISO 2244 Horizontal Impact Test (Horizontal or Incline
of materials and for shipping units such as pallet loads or
3
Plane Test: Pendulum Test)
palletized units.
3. Terminology
1.3 The procedures described in this test method are par-
ticularly suitable for testing large or heavily loaded containers.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms applicable to this
test method see Terminology D996.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2.1 hazard, n—removablesolidobjectofanysizeorshape
and are not considered standard.
placed on an impact surface (backstop) so as to contact a test
specimen at any desired location during the impact of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimen into the impact surface (backstop).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 An apparatus having a guided carriage capable of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and holding a test container or shipping unit impacts into a rigid
impact surface (backstop) with or without hazards at a prede-
Section 7.
termined impact velocity. When testing the ability of a con-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
tainer or shipping unit to withstand impact (Procedure A)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
multiple tests with the same impact velocity or increasing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
impact velocities may be conducted until failure occurs. When
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
testing the ability of the container, shipping unit, or interior
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
packing, or combination thereof, to provide protection to the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
contents (Procedure B), a predetermined number of impacts, at
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D880 – 92 (2015). Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D0880-92R21. 4th Floor,
...

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5.1 Data obtained by these methods may be used to determine the transmitted shock cushioning characteristics of foam-in-place packaging materials. These data allow design of cushioning systems that can provide adequate and efficient use of foam for protection of goods during a distribution life-cycle.  
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FIG. 1 Specimen Ready For Test
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