ASTM D4919-89(1997)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings
Standard Specification for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the testing of packagings to United Nations standards intended for transportation of hazardous materials, excepting packagings for radioactive substances, cylinders and other receptacles for gases, packagings for net masses exceeding 400 kg (880 lb) or capacities exceeding 450 L (120 gallons).
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 8-14, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also A1.2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4919 – 89 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Specification for
Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 ANSI/ASQC Document:
ANSI/ASQC Z-1.15 Generic Guidelines for Quality Sys-
1.1 This standard covers the testing of packagings to United
tems
Nations standards intended for transportation of hazardous
2.4 TAPPI Standard:
materials, excepting packagings for radioactive substances,
TAPPI T441 Water Absorptiveness of Sized (Non-bibulous)
cylinders and other receptacles for gases, packagings for net
Paper and Paperboard (Cobb Test)
masses exceeding 400 kg (880 lb) or capacities exceeding 450
2.5 United Nations Document:
L (120 gallons).
ST/SG/AC.10/1 Recommendations on the Transport of
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Dangerous Goods
test method portions, Sections 8–14, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety conserns,
3. Terminology
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.1.1 bags—flexible packagings made of paper, plastic film,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
textiles, woven materials or other suitable materials.
tions prior to use. See also A1.2
3.1.2 barrels—receptacles of circular cross-section, with
2. Referenced Documents bulging walls. Wooden barrels are constructed with staves and
ends of natural wood, and are held together with hoops of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
metal or wood.
D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
2 3.1.3 boxes—packagings with complete rectangular or po-
for Testing
lygonal faces, made of metal, wood, plywood, reconstituted
D 775 Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes
wood, fiberboard, plastic, or other suitable material.
D 959 Method of Drop Test for Filled Bags
3.1.4 closures—devices which close an opening in a recep-
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
tacle.
ments
3.1.5 combination packaging—a combination of packag-
D 997 Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Cylindrical
ings for transport purposes, consisting of one or more inner
Containers
packagings secured in an outer packaging.
D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
3.1.6 composite packagings—packagings consisting of an
Containers
outer packaging and an inner receptacle so constructed that the
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
inner receptacle and the outer packaging form an integral
tainers and Systems
packaging. Once assembled it remains, thereafter, an integrated
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
single unit; it is filled, stored, transported and emptied as such.
Packaging Components for Testing
3.1.7 drums—flat-ended or convex-ended cylindrical pack-
D 4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a
agings made of metal, fiberboard, plastic, plywood, or other
Container Under Constant Load
3 suitable materials.
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3.1.7.1 Discussion—This definition also includes packag-
2.2 ISO Standard:
ings of other shapes made of metal or plastic, for example,
ISO 535 Determination of Water Absorption of Paper and
round taper-necked packagings or pail-shaped packagings.
Board (Cobb Method)
Jerricans are not covered by this definition.
3.1.8 inner packagings—packagings for which an outer
packaging is required for transport.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
3.1.9 inner receptacles—receptacles which require an outer
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
Container Environment.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1989. Published December 1989.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, P.O.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 03.01, 04.02, and 08.03. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
4 6
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Flr, Available from United Nations, 866 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY
New York, NY 10036. 10017.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4919
packaging in order to perform their containment function. 6. Conditioning
3.1.10 jerricans—metal or plastic packagings of rectangular
6.1 Standard conditioning shall be at 23 6 2°C (73 6 4°F).
or polygonal cross-section.
For packagings fabricated from paper, paperboard, or fiber-
3.1.11 maximum capacity—the maximum inner volume of
board, conditioning shall be in accordance with Practice D 685.
packagings.
6.2 High temperature conditioning shall be at 40 6 2°C
3.1.12 outer packaging—the outer protection of a compos-
(104 6 4°F) in accordance with Practice D 4332.
ite or combination packaging together with any absorbent
6.3 Low temperature conditioning shall be at − 206 2°C,
materials, cushioning, and any other components necessary to
(−4 6 4°F), in accordance with Practice D 4332.
contain and protect receptacles or inner packagings.
6.4 The packaging, prepared as for testing, shall be condi-
3 3
3.1.13 packages—the complete product of the packing op-
tioned for at least 7 min/L (qt) or/dm (200 min/ft ) of maxi-
eration, consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared
mum capacity or 24 h whichever is longer. Longer times shall
for transport.
be used if necessary to ensure that packagings and contents
3.1.14 packagings—receptacles and any other components
reach equilibrium with the conditioning atmosphere and are
or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its con-
maintained in that condition for a minimum of four hours.
tainment function.
3.1.15 receptacles—containment vessels for receiving and
7. Filling and Closure Procedures
holding substances or articles, including any means of closing.
7.1 Liquids:
3.1.15.1 Discussion—The following explanations and ex-
7.1.1 Packagings intended for the containment of liquids
amples are meant to assist in clarifying the above definitions:
shall be filled to 98 % of their maximum capacity with water at
(a) The inners of combination packagings are always
23 6 2°C (73 6 4°F) for subsequent testing at normal and high
termed inner packagings not inner receptacles. A glass bottle is
temperatures unless otherwise specified.
an example of such an inner packaging.
7.1.2 Plastic packagings, with the exception of bags and
(b) the inners of composite packagings, are normally termed
expanded polystyrene boxes, intended for the containment of
inner receptacles. For example, the inner of a plastic receptacle
liquids shall be filled with a solution which remains liquid
with outer steel drum composite packaging (plastic material) is
at − 18°C (0°F) and has a minimum density of1gper
such an inner receptacle since it is normally not designed to
cm (specific gravity at least 1) for testing at low temperatures.
perform a containment function without its outer packaging
7.2 Solids:
and is not therefore an inner packaging.
7.2.1 Packagings intended for the containment of solids
shall, unless otherwise specified, be filled to not less than 95 %
4. Significance and Use
of their maximum capacity with the intended contents or with
4.1 Packagings successfully tested to this specification meet
other substances with similar physical properties (mass, par-
only the performance standards established for international
ticle size, etc.). Mass as tested shall be not less than the
transportation of hazardous materials, based on recommenda-
shipping mass. It is permissible to use additives such as bags of
tions of the United Nations Committee of Experts on the
lead shot to achieve the required total package mass, as long as
Transport of Dangerous Goods, as endorsed by the United
they are placed so that the results are not invalidated.
Nations Economic and Social Council.
7.3 Each packaging shall be closed for testing in the same
4.2 Packages successfully tested to this specification may
manner as it would be closed for actual shipment. All closures
not meet national regulatory requirements nor withstand the
shall be installed using the techniques or torques specified by
North American distribution environment. It is strongly rec-
the closure manufacturer, container manufacturer or shipper.
ommended that tests required by national regulations and
additional sequential tests, as detailed in Practice D 4169 for 8. Compatibility Test
Assurance Level 1 for the planned system of distribution, be
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, the compatibility test shall
carried out to further establish suitability of the package.
be performed on plastic packagings prior to initial use of the
4.3 Tests prescribed are of varying degrees of severity,
packaging for each hazardous material to be carried. Evidence
depending on the degree of hazard presented by the proposed
of satisfactory user experience may be accepted in lieu of
contents, and are grouped as follows:
performance of this test.
Packing Group I Substances presenting great danger
8.2 Perform the compatibility test in accordance with Annex
Packing Group II Substances presenting medium danger
A1. The storage temperature and the duration of storage are set
Packing Group III Substances presenting minor danger
out in this test method.
Substances and articles which are hazardous are assigned to
8.3 Following the specified storage period and weighing,
a specific packing group in UN ST/SG/AC.10/1 or in interna-
remove the hazardous material, fill and reclose the packaging
tional or national regulations.
as specified in Section 6; perform the drop test appropriate to
the type of packaging and the intended contents, as specified in
5. Test Specimens
Section 9; perform the stacking test as specified in Section 10;
5.1 Test specimens shall consist of packagings prepared for perform the hydrostatic test for packagings intended for the
transport including inner packagings of combination packag- containment of liquids as specified in Section 11; and perform
the leak resistance test as specified in Section 12.
ings. Test specimens of packagings which are in production
shall be representative samples taken at random. 8.4 Criteria for Passing Test—The packages shall show no
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4919
evidence of stress cracking or crazing, oxidation, embrittle- with 6.3. Drop test three packages, one drop each, diagonally
ment, vapor pressure build-up, collapse of walls, seepage, or on the chime or, if the packaging has no chime, on a
other defect likely to cause or indicate premature failure. The circumferential seam or edge. Drop test three additional
packaging shall pass the tests specified in 8.3. packages, one drop each, on the weakest part not tested by the
first drop, for example a closure. Perform drop tests in
9. Drop Test
accordance with Test Method D 997 without beam hazard if
cylindrical in shape, or Test Method D 775 if rectangular in
9.1 The drop test shall be performed on all types of
shape.
packagings prior to initial use and, where specified, at periodic
9.5.5 Wooden Boxes, Plywood Boxes, Reconstituted Wood
intervals.
Boxes, Steel Boxes and Expanded Plastic Boxes—Test five
9.2 Tests shall conform to Test Method D 775, Method
boxes, one box for each drop. No conditioning is required.
D 959 (procedure A without beam hazard), or Test Method
Drop individual boxes flat on bottom, top, one long side, one
D 997 (without hazard), as applicable.
short side. Drop box diagonally on bottom corner. Perform
9.3 Test Preparation—The packagings shall be filled and
drop tests in accordance with Test Method D 775.
closed with the procedures specified in Section 7.
9.5.6 Fiberboard Boxes—Test five boxes, one for each
9.4 Drop Height:
drop, conditioned in accordance with 6.1. Drop individual
9.4.1 For solids and liquids, if the test is performed with the
boxes flat on bottom, top, one long side, one short side. Drop
solid or liquid to be carried, or with another substance having
box diagonally on the manufacturer’s joint bottom corner
essentially the same physical characteristics, or for liquids if
(5-2-3 corner). Perform drop tests in accordance with Test
the test is performed with water and the intended liquid
Method D 775.
contents have a density not exceeding 1.2 g/cm (specific
9.5.7 Textile Bags—Test three bags, two drops per bag. No
gravity not exceeding 1.2), the drop height shall be as specified
conditioning is required. First drop bags flat on face, followed
below:
by drop on end (valve end if applicable). Perform drop tests in
Packing Group I Packing Group II Packing Group III
Drop Height 1.8 m (70. 9 in.) 1.2 m (47.2 in.) 0.8 m (31.5 in.)
accordance with Method D 959, without beam hazard.
9.5.8 Paper Bags—Test three bags, conditioned in accor-
9.4.2 Where packagings are filled with water and the density
dance with 6.1, two drops per bag. First drop bags flat on face,
of the intended liquid contents is more than 1.2 g/cm (specific
followed by drop on end (valve end if applicable). Perform
gravity more than 1.2), to obtain the drop height in meters,
drop tests in accordance with Method D 959, without beam
multiply the relative density (specific gravity) by 1.5 for
hazard.
Packing Group I products, by 1.0 for Packing Group II
9.5.9 Plastic Fabric Bags and Plastic Film Bags—Test
products or by 0.67 for Packing Group III products. Round up
three bags, three drops per bag. No conditioning is required.
the drop height to the first decimal. See below:
First drop bags flat on face, followed by flat drop on side,
Packing Group I Packing Group II Packing Group III
Drop Height dx1.5 m (59.1 in.) dx1.0 m (39.4 in.) dx0.67 m (26.4 in.) followed by drop on end. Perform drop tests in accordance
with Method D 959, without beam hazard.
9.5 Test Procedure:
9.5.10 Composite Packagings, Plastic Receptacle with
9.5.1 Drop the packages from the heights specified in 9.4, in
Outer Plywood Box—Test five packages conditioned in accor-
the conditioning atmosphere or immediately following re-
...
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