ASTM D4451-22

Standard Test Method for Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and preformed tape) by low-temperature furnace ashing. Some organic pigments may be lost by this method and some water or moisture contained in pigments will be lost.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2022
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4451 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and specimen are transferred to a muffle furnace and heated at
450 °C. The dish and specimen are reweighed and the pigment
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints
(ash) content calculated.
and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and pre-
formedtape)bylow-temperaturefurnaceashing.Someorganic
4. Apparatus
pigments may be lost by this method and some water or
4.1 Muffle Furnace, maintained at 450 °C 6 25 °C.
moisture contained in pigments will be lost.
4.2 Circulating Oven, maintained at 105 °C 6 2 °C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.3 Porcelain Dishes, 90 mm diameter.
standard.
4.4 Plastic Disposable Syringe, 10 mL capacity.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.5 Burner, Meker type.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Reagents
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4
where such specifications are available.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 Toluene.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Procedure
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Liquid-Paint:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1.1 Mix the sample until homogeneous, preferably on a
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion
mechanical shaker. If air bubbles become entrapped in the
Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
paint, stir it by hand.
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
6.1.2 Draw slightly more than 10 g of the paint under test
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
into a 10 mL syringe and weigh to 0.1 mg. Weigh a porcelain
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
dish with a paper clip for use as a stirrer, and record the mass.
Transfer about 5 mLof toluene to the dish.Add 10 g of the test
3. Summary of Test Method
material into the toluene. Reweigh the syringe to 0.1 mg and
3.1 The specimen is transferred to a tared porcelain dish,
calculate the specimen weight. Mix well using the paper clip.
dried (if necessary) at 105 °C, and heated on a burner.The dish
Place the dish in the oven at 105 °C for 30 min.
6.1.3 Remove and heat at the lowest temperature possible
1 over a Meker burner in a fume hood until the material ignites.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of Do not leave the dish on the burner after the flame has
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
subsided. Transfer to the muffle furnace and proceed as in 6.4.
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D4451 – 02 (2021).
DOI: 10.1520/D4451-22.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standard-Grade Reference Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by theAmerican Chemical
the ASTM website. Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset,
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharma-
www.astm.org. copeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4451 − 02 (Reapproved 2021) D4451 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and preformed tape)
by low-temperature furnace ashing. Some organic pigments may be lost by this method and some water or moisture contained in
pigments will be lost.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The specimen is transferred to a tared porcelain dish, dried (if necessary) at 105°C,105 °C, and heated on a burner. The dish
and specimen are transferred to a muffle furnace and heated at 450°C.450 °C. The dish and specimen are reweighed and the
pigment (ash) content calculated.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Muffle Furnace, maintained at 450°C450 °C 6 25°C.25 °C.
4.2 Circulating Oven, maintained at 105°C105 °C 6 2°C.2 °C.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021June 1, 2022. Published February 2021June 2022. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20142021 as
D4451 – 02 (2014).(2021). DOI: 10.1520/D4451-02R21.10.1520/D4451-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4451 − 22
4.3 Porcelain Dishes, 90-mm90 mm diameter.
4.4 Plastic Disposable Syringe, 10-mL10 mL capacity.
4.5 Burner, mekerMeker type.
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
4
such specifications are available.
5.2 Toluene.
6. Procedure
6.1 Liquid-Paint:
6.1.1 Mix the sample until homogeneous, preferably on a mechanical shaker. If air bubbles become entrapped in the paint, stir it
by hand.
6.1.2 Draw slightly more than 10 g of the paint under test into a 10-mL10 mL syringe and weigh to 0.1 mg. Transfer about 5 mL
toluene to Weigh a porcelain dish tared with a paper clip for use as a stirrer. Add 10 g of the stirrer, and record the mass. Transfer
about 5 mL of toluene to the dish. Add 10 g of the test material into the toluene. Reweigh the syringe to 0.1 mg 0.1 mg and calculate
the specimen weight. Mix well on a magnetic stirrer.using the paper clip. Place the dish in the oven at 105°C105 °C for 30
min.30 min.
6.1.3 Remove and heat at the lowest temperature possible over a mekerMeker burner in a fume hood. hood until the material
ignites. Do not leave the dish on the burner after the flame has
...