ASTM E1756-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural component of biomass and can change with storage and handling of biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content allows for the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that visibly change on heating to 105°C, for example, unwashed acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared heating elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these materials should be done by Test Method A.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials suitable for this procedure include samples prepared in accordance with Practice E 1757 and extractive-free material prepared in accordance with Test Method E 1690. For particulate wood fuels, Test Method E 871 should be used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1756 −08
StandardTest Method for
1
Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The total solids content is used to adjust the mass of the biomass so that all analytical results may
be reported on a moisture-free basis. Total solids content may be determined by overnight drying at
105°C in a convection oven or with a loss-on-drying moisture analyzer.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials 3.1.1 oven-dried solids—the solids remaining after heating
suitable for this procedure include samples prepared in accor- the prepared biomass at 105°C to constant mass. For the
dance with Practice E1757 and extractive-free material pre- purposes of this procedure, the moisture content of a biomass
pared in accordance with Test Method E1690. For particulate sample is considered to be the amount of mass lost during the
wood fuels, Test Method E871 should be used. drying of the sample at 105°C to constant mass. An inherent
error of this and any oven-drying procedure is that volatile
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
substances other than water are removed from the sample
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
during drying.
standard.
3.1.2 prepared biomass—the biomass that has been pro-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cessed according to Practice E1757.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural com-
ponentofbiomassandcanchangewithstorageandhandlingof
2. Referenced Documents
biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
allows for the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried
E871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate
solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
Wood Fuels
4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that
E1690 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extrac-
visibly change on heating to 105°C, for example, unwashed
tives in Biomass
acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
E1757 Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Composi-
tional Analysis
4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars
or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared
heating elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
materials should be done by Test Method A.
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.
5. Apparatus and Materials
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1756-01. DOI:
5.1 Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.
10.1520/E1756-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5.2 Drying Oven, 105 6 3°C (Test Method A only).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium sulfate (Test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Method A only).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1756−08
TABLE 1 Critical Difference, Percent of Grand Average, For the TABLE 2 Width of 95% Confidence Limits, Percent of Grand
A,B A,B
Conditions Noted Average, For the Conditions Noted
Number of Number of
Observations Single Operator Observations Single Operator
Test Conditions Test Conditions
in Precision in Precision
Each Average Each Average
Test Method A, hybrid poplar 1 0.55 Test Method A, hybrid poplar 1 0.39
2 0.39 2 0.28
Test Method A, fermentation residue 1 1.35 Test Method A, fermentation residue 1 0.95
2 0.95 2 0.67
Test Method B, hybrid poplar 1 0.56 Test Method B, hybrid poplar 1 0.40
2 0.40 2 0.28
Test Method B, switchgrass 1 0.89 Test Method B, switchgrass 1 0.63
2 0.63 2 0.45
A A
The critical differences were calcul
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1756–01 Designation: E 1756 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The total solids content is used to adjust the mass of the biomass so that all analytical results may
be reported on a moisture-free basis. Total solids content may be determined by overnight drying at
105°C in a convection oven or with a loss-on-drying moisture analyzer.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials suitable
for this procedure include samples prepared in accordance with Practice E 1757 and extractive-free material prepared in
accordance with Test Method E 1690. For particulate wood fuels, Test Method E 871 should be used.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels
E 1690 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extractives in Biomass
E 1757 Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Compositional Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 oven-dried solids—the solids remaining after heating the prepared biomass at 105°C to constant mass. For the purposes
of this procedure, the moisture content of a biomass sample is considered to be the amount of mass lost during the drying of the
sample at 105°C to constant mass. An inherent error of this and any oven-drying procedure is that volatile substances other than
water are removed from the sample during drying.
3.1.2 prepared biomass—the biomass that has been processed according to Practice E 1757.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural component
of biomass and can change with storage and handling of biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content allows for
the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that visibly change on heating to 105°C, for example, unwashed
acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared heating
elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these materials should be done by Test Method A.
5. Apparatus and Materials
5.1 Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E48 on Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.
Current edition approved November 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally published as E1756-95. Last previous edition E1756-95.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1756-01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1756–08
5.2 Drying Oven, 105 6 3°C (Test Method A only).
5.3 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium sulfate (Test Method A only).
3
5.4 Moisture Analyzer, infrared heated, 20 g capacity, 1 mg resolution (Test Method B only).
5.5 Drying Pans, disposable, aluminum, 10 cm diameter, suitable for moisture analyzer (Test Method B only).
6. Sampling
6.1 ThesampleismaterialpreparedaccordingtoPracticeE 1757orextractiv
...
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