ASTM D2829-07(2013)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Existing Built-Up Roof Systems
Standard Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Existing Built-Up Roof Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is for the sampling and analysis of existing built-up roof systems. For roofs under construction, use Practice D3617.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a guide for removing test specimens from existing built-up roofing systems in the field and for determining the approximate quantities of the components of that specimen (Note 1). Components determined may be:
1.1.1 Insulation components when they are part of the roof membrane system,
1.1.2 Plies of roofing felt,
1.1.3 Interply layers of bituminous material,
1.1.4 Top coating, and
1.1.5 Surfacing. Note 1—This procedure is for the investigation of existing roofs and is not intended for new construction inspection.
1.2 This practice is applicable to both 914-mm (36-in.) and 1000-mm (39 3/8-in.) wide felt rolls.
1.3 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see 6.3.2.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2829 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Analysis of Existing Built-Up Roof Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Surfaced with Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2002)
D250 Standard Specification forAsphalt-SaturatedAsbestos
1.1 This practice is a guide for removing test specimens
Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing (Withdrawn
from existing built-up roofing systems in the field and for
1991)
determining the approximate quantities of the components of
D371 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
that specimen (Note 1). Components determined may be:
Surfaced with Mineral Granules; Wide Selvage (With-
1.1.1 Insulation components when they are part of the roof
drawn 2002)
membrane system,
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
1.1.2 Plies of roofing felt,
D2178 Specification forAsphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing
1.1.3 Interply layers of bituminous material,
and Waterproofing
1.1.4 Top coating, and
D2626 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
1.1.5 Surfacing.
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
NOTE 1—This procedure is for the investigation of existing roofs and is
D3158 Specification for Asphalt Saturated and Coated Or-
not intended for new construction inspection. 3
ganic Felt Used in Roofing (Withdrawn 1983)
1.2 This practice is applicable to both 914-mm (36-in.) and
D3617 Practice for Sampling andAnalysis of Built-Up Roof
1000-mm (39 ⁄8-in.) wide felt rolls.
Systems During Application
D3672 Standard Specification for VentingAsphalt-Saturated
1.3 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded
and Coated Inorganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
as standard.
(Withdrawn 1990)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3909 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Glass Felt)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Surfaced With Mineral Granules
responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate
D4601 Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Base
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
Sheet Used in Roofing
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary
D4897 SpecificationforAsphalt-CoatedGlass-FiberVenting
information, see 6.3.2.1.
Base Sheet Used in Roofing
D4990 SpecificationforCoalTarGlassFeltUsedinRoofing
2. Referenced Documents
and Waterproofing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D226 Specification forAsphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used
3. Terminology
in Roofing and Waterproofing
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
D227 Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic Felt
practice, refer to Terminology D1079.
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
D249 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
4. Securing of Specimens in the Field
4.1 Do not disturb any surfacing in the area from which a
specimen is to be taken. Cut each specimen at least 300 by 300
mm (12 by 12 in.) and use the total specimen taken in the field
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofingand
for laboratory analysis.
Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing
4.2 The recommended practice is to use a cutting template
Membrane Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
(Fig. 1) consisting of a 300 by 300-mm (12 by 12-in.) metal
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2829 – 07. DOI:
box with an open bottom. Place the box over the roof area that
10.1520/D2829-07R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2829 − 07 (2013)
Dimensions
Dimension Square (3.2) Rectangular (3.4)
mm in. mm in.
A 300 12 100 4
B 300 12 1000 40
C 150 6 150 6
D 40 1.5 40 1.5
E 40 1.5 40 1.5
1 1
F3 ⁄8 3 ⁄8
FIG. 1 Cutting Template
is to be removed, and while the template is held firmly in 4.2.1.3 Cutthroughtheroofingmembranewitharazorknife
position, remove the surfacing around the perimeter and then or sharp power cutting tool, taking care not to damage the edge
cut through the roof membrane around the perimeter of the of the sample. Do not pound on the sample, as this might cause
box.Liftthespecimen,includingallassociatedloosematerials, interply delamination. Carefully loosen and remove the roofing
from the roof and place it in a plastic bag. Fully identify the membrane including all adhered insulation. Observe and re-
specimen. Note if the insulation is adhered to the specimen or, cord the kind and degree of attachment between the roofing
where insulation is not used, if bitumen is left on the deck, and membrane and the insulation or deck.
the type of deck. Estimate bitumen mass per unit area left on
4.2.1.4 Cut through the roof insulation with a blade long
the deck.
enough to penetrate all of the insulation layers. Observe and
4.2.1 Alternate Method:
record the type and thickness of each insulation layer, and the
4.2.1.1 Mark each sample as at least a square 356 mm (14
percent of the sample area adhered between the layers and
in.) on a side.Try to include a seam in each membrane sample.
between the insulation and the deck and vapor retarder.
During cold weather, use a square 457 mm (18 in.) on a side,
4.2.1.5 Cut and remove a small specimen of the vapor
since cold weather cutting may inadvertently break, distort or
retarder, if it is present, to observe its attachment to the deck
delaminate the sample. If the roofing membrane is mechani-
and to obtain a specimen for moisture content and analysis.
cally fastened, mark rectangular 864 by 457 mm (34 by 18 in.)
NOTE 2—This procedure will not provide as accurate a measure of total
sample, with the longer dimension perpendicular to the length
aggregate as the procedure described in 4.2.
of the ply felts. Half of these large samples can be shipped to
the laboratory for analysis after the number of fasteners in the 4.3 If bituminous material has been absorbed by the insu-
larger area is recorded.
lation (4.2), remove sufficient insulation to allow laboratory
4.2.1.2 Carefully broom off the loose aggregate, and spud analysis of absorbed bitumen mass (weight).
off the adhered aggregate and flood coating at the perimeter of
4.4 If felt lapping is to be determined, take a separate
the sample. (The application of dry ice at the areas to be
specimen at least 100 mm (4 in.) wide and not less than 1.12 m
spudded will ease the removal of the top coating during hot
(44 in.) long, cut at right angles to the long dimension of the
weather.Alarge propane torch can also be used as an alternate
roofing felts.
to the dry ice method, to melt the top coating so that it can be
easily removed with a scraper and facilitate cutting.) Record 4.5 Protect each specimen from physical damage such as
the length and width of the sample. If the quantities of bending or breakage of the felts or coating layers during
unadhered surfacing or total surfacing are desired, collect and removal and transportation. Protect from moisture, excessive
package the unadhered surfacing from the sample area. heat, and loss of material.
D2829 − 07 (2013)
5. Significance and Use 6.3.2.1 Warning—Carbon disulfide is toxic when taken
internally or when inhaled. Conduct the test in a hood, or other
5.1 This practice is for the sampling and analysis of existing
well-ventilated location. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact
built-up roof systems. For roofs under construction, use Prac-
with the skin and inhalation of vapors.
tice D3617.
6.3.3 When all traces of bituminous materials have been
removed, dry the surfacing retained on the sieve in an oven at
6. Procedure
100°C (212°F), cool, and weigh. The approximate mass per
6.1 Preserve all identifications and log the specimens in the
unit area of the top coating is the difference between this mass
laboratory. Ensure continued identity and location of the
and the mass obtained in 6.3.1, divided by the specimen area
componentswithineachspecimen.Removetheinsulationfully
obtained in 6.2.
(if present), removing as little bituminous coating from the
6.4 Remove all bituminous material from the bottom of the
underside of the membrane as possible.
membrane (see 6.3), then weigh the membrane. Separate the
6.2 Calculate the area of the specimen from eight different
plies, using a heat lamp as needed to achieve minimum
measurements taken in each direction. Weigh the specimen,
temperature required for separation. Do not distort the felts
including all associated loose materials (except insulation),
(see 6.8 for an alternative method of separating the plies).
being careful to avoid loss of any component, and calculate the
6.4.1 Measure the individual felts and calculate the area of
mass per unit area. Dry the insulation removed in 4.3 to
each ply (due to lapping, not all plies will be the size of the
constant mass and record.
original specimen). Follow the procedure in 6.2. Record the
6.3 Place the specimen on aluminum foil or release paper
total area of all felts.
and carefully scrape off the top surfacing (if any) and top
6.4.2 Divide the sum of all individual felt areas (6.4.1)by
coating without damaging the top felt. Use heat only to
the area of the original specimen (6.2) and record the results as
producethelowesttemperaturerequiredtoremovethecoating.
“number of plies.”
2 2
NOTE 3—This will usually leave 200 to 400 g/m (4 to 8 lb/100 ft )of 6.5 Calculate the mass per unit area of the original saturated
bituminous material on the surface of the roofing felt.
felts by multiplying the
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