ASTM E1475-13(2018)

Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital Radiological Examination Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide a standardized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer of digital radiological data from one user to another where the two users are working with dissimilar systems. This guide describes the contents, both required and optional for an intermediate data file that can be created from the native format of the radiological system on which the data was collected and that can be converted into the native format of the receiving radiological data analysis system. This guide will also be useful in the archival storage and retrieval of radiological data as either a data format specifier or as a guide to the data elements which should be included in the archival file.  
3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes more than 100 field numbers, only about half of those are regarded as essential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields so marked must be included in the data base. The other fields recommended provide additional information that a user will find helpful in understanding the radiological image and examination result. These header field items will, in most cases, make up only a very small part of a radiological examination file. The actual stream of radiological data that make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base. Since a radiological image file will normally be large, the concept of data compression will be considered in many cases. Compressed data should be noted, along with a description of the compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (see Table 1). (A) Field numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific database nor imply a requirement that fields used be in this particular order.(B) Units listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).(C) Denotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.(D) Denotes essential field for radiograp...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fields that are recommended for inclusion in a digital radiological examination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data. This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields for computerized transfer of digital image files obtained from radiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or other radiological examination systems. The field listing includes those fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the data base: (1) regardless of the radiological examination method (as indicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopic examination (as indicated by Footnote F in Table 1), and (3) for radiographic examination (as indicated by Footnote D in Table 1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a reminder of the types of information that may be useful for additional understanding of the data or applicable to a limited number of applications.  
1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place an internal format for the storage and retrieval of radiological examination data. This guide should not impede the use of such formats since it is probable that the necessary fields are already included in such internal data bases, or that the few additions can easily be made. The numerical listing and its order indicated in this guide is only for convenience; the specific numbers and their order carry no inherent significance and are not part of the data file.  
1.3 Current users of Guide E1475 do not have to change their software. First time users should use the XML structure of Table A1.1 for their data.  
1.4 The types of radiological examination systems that appear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopic systems as described in Guide E1000, Practices E1255, E1411, E2597, E2698 and E2737, and radiographic systems as described in Guide E94 and Practices E748, E1742, E2033, E2445, and E2446. Many of the terms used are def...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 35.240.80 - IT applications in health care technology
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.11 - Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1475 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital
Radiological Examination Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope scribed in Guide E94 and Practices E748, E1742, E2033,
E2445, and E2446. Many of the terms used are defined in
1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fields
Terminology E1316.
that are recommended for inclusion in a digital radiological
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
examination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields for
standard.
computerized transfer of digital image files obtained from
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
radiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or other
radiological examination systems. The field listing includes safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
those fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the data
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
base: (1) regardless of the radiological examination method (as
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
indicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopic
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
examination (as indicated by Footnote F in Table 1), and (3) for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
radiographic examination (as indicated by Footnote D in Table
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a reminder of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the types of information that may be useful for additional
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
understanding of the data or applicable to a limited number of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
applications.
1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place an
2. Referenced Documents
internal format for the storage and retrieval of radiological 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
examination data. This guide should not impede the use of such
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
formats since it is probable that the necessary fields are already
Radiographic Film
included in such internal data bases, or that the few additions
E748 Guide for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Materials
can easily be made. The numerical listing and its order
E1000 Guide for Radioscopy
indicated in this guide is only for convenience; the specific
E1255 Practice for Radioscopy
numbers and their order carry no inherent significance and are
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
not part of the data file.
E1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination
1.3 Current users of Guide E1475 do not have to change
E2033 Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Com-
their software. First time users should use the XML structure of
puted Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence
Table A1.1 for their data.
Method)
1.4 The types of radiological examination systems that
E2445 Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-Term
appear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopic
Stability of Computed Radiography Systems
systems as described in Guide E1000, Practices E1255, E1411,
E2446 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Com-
E2597, E2698 and E2737, and radiographic systems as de-
puted Radiography Systems
E2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digi-
tal Detector Arrays
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on Digital
Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1475 – 02(2013). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1475-13R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1475 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 1 Field Listing
A B
Field Number Field Name and Description Category Sets, Values and Units
Header Information:
C,D
1 Intermediate file name Alphanumeric string
C,D
2 Format revision code Alphanumeric string
C,D
3 Format revision date yyyy/mm/dd
C,D
4 Source file name Alphanumeric string
5 Examination file description notes Alphanumeric string
C,D
6 Examining company/location Alphanumeric string
C,D
7 Examination date yyyy/mm/dd
8 Examination time hh/mm/ss
C,D
9 Type of examination Alphanumeric string
10 Other examinations performed Alphanumeric string
C,D
11 Operator name Alphanumeric string
C,D
12 Operator identification code Alphanumeric string
C,D
13 ASTM, ISO or other applicable standard specification Alphanumeric string
14 Date of applicable standard yyyy/mm/dd
C,D
15 Acceptance criteria Alphanumeric string
16 Notes Alphanumeric string
Examination System Description:
17 Examination system manufacturer(s) Alphanumeric string
18 Examination system model Alphanumeric string
19 Examination system serial number Alphanumeric string
Source Section:
C,D
20 Radiologic source manufacturer Alphanumeric string
C,D
21 Radiological source model Alphanumeric string
22 General source description Alphanumeric string
23 Last calibration date Alphanumeric string
24 Notes on source section Alphanumeric string
Image Receptor Section:
C,D
25 Receptor type Alphanumeric string
C,D
26 Convertor type Alphanumeric string
27 Receptor manufacturer Alphanumeric string
28 Receptor model number Alphanumeric string
C,D
29 Notes on receptor section Alphanumeric string
Exposure Section:
C,D
30 Peak radiation energy used, or kV
C,D
31 Isotope source (use either 30 or 31) Alphanumeric string
32 Tube current mA
33 Radiation dosage rate mR/min
34 Radiation exposure time min
C
35 Source-detector distance (SDD) m
C
36 Source-object distance (SOD) m
C
37 Image magnification of source side of examination object %
D
38 Notes on exposure section Alphanumeric string
Processing Section (Film/Paper):
D
39 Process description Automated or manual
D
40 Process method Wet or dry
41 Processor type Alphanumeric string
42 Processor model number Alphanumeric string
43 Notes on processor section Alphanumeric string
Image Processing Description:
C,D
44 Image processing used for image data Alphanumeric string
45 Image processor hardware manufacturer Alphanumeric string
46 Image processor hardware model Alphanumeric string
47 Image processor software source Alphanumeric string
48 Image processor software version Alphanumeric string
D
49 Pixel resolution Pixels per cm
50 Notes on image processor Alphanumeric string
Examination Sample or Part Description:
C
51 Sample or part name Alphanumeric string
52 Sample or part name description Alphanumeric string
C
53 Sample or part identification code Alphanumeric string
C
54 Sample or part material Alphanumeric string
55 Notes on sample or part Alphanumeric string
C
56 Number of image segments for sample Integer number
C
57 Reference standard identification Alphanumeric string
58 Reference standard description Alphanumeric string
C
59 Reference standard file name Alphanumeric string
60 Reference standard file location Alphanumeric string
Coordinate System and Scan Description:
F
61 Machine coordinate system scan axis Alphanumeric string
F
62 Machine coordinate system index axis Alphanumeric string
F
63 Machine coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string
F
64 Part coordinate system x-axis Alphanumeric string
F
65 Part coordinate system y-axis Alphanumeric string
F
66 Part coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string
E1475 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 1 Continued
A B
Field Number Field Name and Description Category Sets, Values and Units
67 Number of object target points Integer number
68 Object target point number Integer number
69 Object target point description Alphanumeric string
70 Object target point x-axis Alphanumeric string
71 Object target point y-axis Alphanumeric string
72 Object target point z-axis Alphanumeric string
73 Description of data plane projection Alphanumeric string
74 Notes on coordinate system Alphanumeric string
Measurement Parameters:
C
75 Minimum value of data Integer
C
76 Maximum value of data Integer
C
77 Dynamic range resolution Number of bits
C,D
78 Data scale Linear, logarithmic, define scale
D
79 Relationship between film optical density and digital value Alphanumeric string
C,D
80 Dynamic range implemented Real number
C
81 Physical spacing of the digitization interval at the image receptor Real number in [µm]
C
82 Data recording format Alphanumeric string
Examination Results:
83 Discontinuity location Alphanumeric string
84 Discontinuity description Alphanumeric string
85 Disposition Accept, reject or repair
86 Notes on examination results Alphanumeric string
87 Image segment number Integer number
88 Image segment description Alphanumeric string
89 Image segment location Alphanumeric string
90 Image segment orientation Alphanumeric string
91 Annotation Alphanumeric string
92 Notes on the data (including notes on compression) Alphanumeric string
93 Total number of data points Integer number
94 Actual stream of radiologic data Real number
Display Settings:
C
95 Type of Display Alphanumeric string
E
96 Number of display gray values Integer number
C
97 Manufacturer of Display Alphanumeric string
C
98 Display model number Alphanumeric string
E
99 Display mode Negative (Film like) or Positive (real)
E
100 Gray value of original image for BLACK on display Integer number
E
101 Gray value of original image for WHITE on display Integer number
E
102 Factor of gamma for scaling on display Real number
103 Notes on display section Alphanumeric string
A
Field numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific database nor imply a requirement that fields used be in this
particular order.
B
Units listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).
C
Denotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.
D
Denotes essential field for radiographic examination.
E
Denotes essential field for images with more than 8-bit gray scale.
F
Denotes essential field for radioscopic examination.
E2698 Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Digital users are working with dissimilar systems. This guide de-
Detector Arrays
scribes the contents, both required and optional for an inter-
E2737 Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance
mediate data file that can be created from the native format of
Evaluation and Long-Term Stability
the radiological system on which the data was collected and
2.2 Other Standards:
that can be converted into the native format of the receiving
ISO 12639:2004 Graphic Technology – Prepress digital data
radiological data analysis system. This guide will also be
exchange – Tag Image File Format for Image Technology
useful in the archival storage and retrieval of radiological data
(TIFF/IT)
as either a data format specifier or as a guide to the data
ISO 8879:1986 Information Processing – Text and Office
elements which should be included in the archival file.
Systems – Standard Generalized Markup Language
3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes more
(SGML)
than 100 field numbers, only about half of those are regarded
2.3 Other Documents:
as essential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields so
Webpage for XML (Extensible Markup Language): World
marked must be included in the data base. The other fields
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) http://www.w3.org/XML/
recommended provide additional information that a user will
3. Significance and Use
find helpful in understanding the radiological image and
examination result. These header field items will, in most
3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide a standard-
ized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer of cases, make up only a very small part of a radiological
digital radiological data from one user to another where the two examination file. The actual stream of radiological data that
E1475 − 13 (2018)
make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base. 4.2.10 Measurement parameters, and
Since a radiological image file will normally be large, the
4.2.11 Examination results.
concept of data compression will be considered in many cases.
4.2.12 Display Settings.
Compressed data should be noted, along with a description of
4.3 Additional explanations for selected fields are given in
the compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (see
Section 5.
Table 1).
3.3 This guide provides a data file for a single image. It is
5. Explanation of Fields
recognized that a complete examination record may contain
5.1 Field Number, Name, and Description:
several files for the same examination method in different
5.1.1 Field No. 1: Intermediate File Name—Name of the
areas, with or without image processing, for different exami-
data base file containing all of the information to follow. This
nation methods, and for variations within a single method (for
is the archive or transfer file itself.
example, different x-ray energies). This file will permit the
5.1.2 Field No. 6: Examining Company/Location—The le-
examination of a single image and will include information
gal name/location of the company which performed the radio-
about the existence of other images and records for the
logic examination.
examined object. This single image may be one created by
5.1.3 Field No. 9: Type of Examination—Radiographic,
overlaying or processing results from multiple examination
radioscopic, CR, DDA, other; x-ray, gamma ray, neutron,
approaches, for example, data fusion. For such images, the
other.
notes sections must clearly state how the image for this file was
5.1.4 Field No. 10: Other Examinations Performed—Other
created.
NDT examinations, ultrasonic, liquid penetrant, etc.
3.4 The Guide E1475 data
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1475 − 13 E1475 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital
Radiological Examination Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fields that are recommended for inclusion in a digital radiological
examination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data. This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields for computerized
transfer of digital image files obtained from radiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or other radiological examination
systems. The field listing includes those fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the data base: (1) regardless of the radiological
examination method (as indicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopic examination (as indicated by Footnote F in Table
1), and (3) for radiographic examination (as indicated by Footnote D in Table 1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a
reminder of the types of information that may be useful for additional understanding of the data or applicable to a limited number
of applications.
1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place an internal format for the storage and retrieval of radiological
examination data. This guide should not impede the use of such formats since it is probable that the necessary fields are already
included in such internal data bases, or that the few additions can easily be made. The numerical listing and its order indicated in
this guide is only for convenience; the specific numbers and their order carry no inherent significance and are not part of the data
file.
1.3 Current users of Guide E1475 do not have to change their software. First time users should use the XML structure of Table
A1.1 for their data.
1.4 The types of radiological examination systems that appear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopic systems as
described in Guide E1000, Practices E1255, E1411, E2597, E2698 and E2737, and radiographic systems as described in Guide E94
and Practices E748, E1742, E2033, E2445, and E2446. Many of the terms used are defined in Terminology E1316.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E748 Guide for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Materials
E1000 Guide for Radioscopy
E1255 Practice for Radioscopy
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on Digital Imaging and
Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).
Current edition approved July 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published July 2013July 2018. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
E1475 – 02(2008).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/E1475-13.10.1520/E1475-13R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1475 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 1 Field Listing
A B
Field Number Field Name and Description Category Sets, Values and Units
Header Information:
C,D
1 Intermediate file name Alphanumeric string
C,D
2 Format revision code Alphanumeric string
C,D
3 Format revision date yyyy/mm/dd
C,D
4 Source file name Alphanumeric string
5 Examination file description notes Alphanumeric string
C,D
6 Examining company/location Alphanumeric string
C,D
7 Examination date yyyy/mm/dd
8 Examination time hh/mm/ss
C,D
9 Type of examination Alphanumeric string
10 Other examinations performed Alphanumeric string
C,D
11 Operator name Alphanumeric string
C,D
12 Operator identification code Alphanumeric string
C,D
13 ASTM, ISO or other applicable standard specification Alphanumeric string
14 Date of applicable standard yyyy/mm/dd
C,D
15 Acceptance criteria Alphanumeric string
16 Notes Alphanumeric string
Examination System Description:
17 Examination system manufacturer(s) Alphanumeric string
18 Examination system model Alphanumeric string
19 Examination system serial number Alphanumeric string
Source Section:
C,D
20 Radiologic source manufacturer Alphanumeric string
C,D
21 Radiological source model Alphanumeric string
22 General source description Alphanumeric string
23 Last calibration date Alphanumeric string
24 Notes on source section Alphanumeric string
Image Receptor Section:
C,D
25 Receptor type Alphanumeric string
C,D
26 Convertor type Alphanumeric string
27 Receptor manufacturer Alphanumeric string
28 Receptor model number Alphanumeric string
C,D
29 Notes on receptor section Alphanumeric string
Exposure Section:
C,D
30 Peak radiation energy used, or kV
C,D
31 Isotope source (use either 30 or 31) Alphanumeric string
32 Tube current mA
33 Radiation dosage rate mR/min
34 Radiation exposure time min
C
35 Source-detector distance (SDD) m
C
36 Source-object distance (SOD) m
C
37 Image magnification of source side of examination object %
D
38 Notes on exposure section Alphanumeric string
Processing Section (Film/Paper):
D
39 Process description Automated or manual
D
40 Process method Wet or dry
41 Processor type Alphanumeric string
42 Processor model number Alphanumeric string
43 Notes on processor section Alphanumeric string
Image Processing Description:
C,D
44 Image processing used for image data Alphanumeric string
45 Image processor hardware manufacturer Alphanumeric string
46 Image processor hardware model Alphanumeric string
47 Image processor software source Alphanumeric string
48 Image processor software version Alphanumeric string
D
49 Pixel resolution Pixels per cm
50 Notes on image processor Alphanumeric string
Examination Sample or Part Description:
C
51 Sample or part name Alphanumeric string
52 Sample or part name description Alphanumeric string
C
53 Sample or part identification code Alphanumeric string
C
54 Sample or part material Alphanumeric string
55 Notes on sample or part Alphanumeric string
C
56 Number of image segments for sample Integer number
C
57 Reference standard identification Alphanumeric string
58 Reference standard description Alphanumeric string
C
59 Reference standard file name Alphanumeric string
60 Reference standard file location Alphanumeric string
Coordinate System and Scan Description:
F
61 Machine coordinate system scan axis Alphanumeric string
F
62 Machine coordinate system index axis Alphanumeric string
F
63 Machine coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string
F
64 Part coordinate system x-axis Alphanumeric string
F
65 Part coordinate system y-axis Alphanumeric string
F
66 Part coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string
E1475 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 1 Continued
A B
Field Number Field Name and Description Category Sets, Values and Units
67 Number of object target points Integer number
68 Object target point number Integer number
69 Object target point description Alphanumeric string
70 Object target point x-axis Alphanumeric string
71 Object target point y-axis Alphanumeric string
72 Object target point z-axis Alphanumeric string
73 Description of data plane projection Alphanumeric string
74 Notes on coordinate system Alphanumeric string
Measurement Parameters:
C
75 Minimum value of data Integer
C
76 Maximum value of data Integer
C
77 Dynamic range resolution Number of bits
C,D
78 Data scale Linear, logarithmic, define scale
D
79 Relationship between film optical density and digital value Alphanumeric string
C,D
80 Dynamic range implemented Real number
C
81 Physical spacing of the digitization interval at the image receptor Real number in [μm]
C
82 Data recording format Alphanumeric string
Examination Results:
83 Discontinuity location Alphanumeric string
84 Discontinuity description Alphanumeric string
85 Disposition Accept, reject or repair
86 Notes on examination results Alphanumeric string
87 Image segment number Integer number
88 Image segment description Alphanumeric string
89 Image segment location Alphanumeric string
90 Image segment orientation Alphanumeric string
91 Annotation Alphanumeric string
92 Notes on the data (including notes on compression) Alphanumeric string
93 Total number of data points Integer number
94 Actual stream of radiologic data Real number
Display Settings:
C
95 Type of Display Alphanumeric string
E
96 Number of display gray values Integer number
C
97 Manufacturer of Display Alphanumeric string
C
98 Display model number Alphanumeric string
E
99 Display mode Negative (Film like) or Positive (real)
E
100 Gray value of original image for BLACK on display Integer number
E
101 Gray value of original image for WHITE on display Integer number
E
102 Factor of gamma for scaling on display Real number
103 Notes on display section Alphanumeric string
A
Field numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific database nor imply a requirement that fields used be in this
particular order.
B
Units listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).
C
Denotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.
D
Denotes essential field for radiographic examination.
E
Denotes essential field for images with more than 8-bit gray scale.
F
Denotes essential field for radioscopic examination.
E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination
E2033 Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Computed Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
E2445 Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiography Systems
E2446 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems
E2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays
E2698 Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
E2737 Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability
2.2 Other Standards:
ISO 12639:2004 Graphic Technology – Prepress digital data exchange – Tag Image File Format for Image Technology (TIFF/IT)
ISO 8879:1986 Information Processing – Text and Office Systems – Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
2.3 Other Documents:
Webpage for XML (Extensible Markup Language): World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) http://www.w3.org/XML/
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide a standardized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer of digital
radiological data from one user to another where the two users are working with dissimilar systems. This guide describes the
contents, both required and optional for an intermediate data file that can be created from the native format of the radiological
system on which the data was collected and that can be converted into the native format of the receiving radiological data analysis
E1475 − 13 (2018)
system. This guide will also be useful in the archival storage and retrieval of radiological data as either a data format specifier or
as a guide to the data elements which should be included in the archival file.
3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes more than 100 field numbers, only about half of those are regarded as
essential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields so marked must be included in the data base. The other fields recommended
provide additional information that a user will find helpful in understanding the radiological image and examination result. These
header field items will, in most cases, make up only a very small part of a radiological examination file. The actual stream of
radiological data that make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base. Since a radiological image file will normally
be large, the concept of data compression will be considered in many cases. Compressed data should be noted, along with a
description of the compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (see Table 1).
3.3 This guide provides a data file for a single image. It is recognized that a complete examination record may contain several
files for the same examination method in different areas, with or without image processing, for different examination methods, and
for variations within a single method (for example, different x-ray energies). This file will permit the examination of a single image
and will include information about the existence of other images and records for the examined object. This single image may be
one created by overlaying or processing results from multiple examination approaches, for example, data fusion. For such images,
the notes sections must clearly state how the image for this file was created.
3.4 The Guide E1475 data fields are assigned at the TIFF group with Tag 50983, called Data fields of Guide E1475 using XML
as format for the data fields. The tag may be used by any user without restrictions. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is
a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). It is used to store all required information of Guide E1475
within one TIFF Tag. Annex A1 provides more information and an example.
4. Description of the Field Listings
4.1 Table 1 is a
...