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ASTM E1089-86(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference (Withdrawn 2013)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference (Withdrawn 2013)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The rain spray test described in 8.1 as Method A is based upon Test Method E 331 which is intended for use in the evaluation of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors. This test method is intended to supplement the water spray test in Practice E 823 that does not include the effects of wind-driven rain. This method includes the use of a pressure differential to enhance the penetration of water into the assembly being tested. This type of pressure differential can occur with many types of solar collector mounting configurations. In the case of solar collectors that form a building element, for example, a roof, this pressure differential will be caused by differences of pressure inside and outside the building. In the case of solar collectors mounted on standoffs or racks, this pressure differential will be caused by positive and negative wind forces acting simultaneously on faces of the collector.
Water leakage due to joint expansion can be influenced by several factors, including: the specific collector design and materials used, the test specimen temperature, and the water spray temperature (Note 1), in addition to the pressure differential. The temperature conditions will vary in outdoor exposure. The test temperatures should be selected to be representative of outdoor conditions where the collectors will be used.
Note 1—Water spray temperatures are likely to range from 4.5°C to 29.4°C (40 to 85°F).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flat plate solar collectors to water penetration when water is applied to their outer surfaces with a static air pressure at the outer surface higher than the pressure at the interior of the collector.
1.2 This test method is applicable to any flat plate solar collector.
1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is contained in Section 6.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flat plate solar collectors to water penetration when water is applied to their outer surfaces with a static air pressure at the outer surface higher than the pressure at the interior of the collector.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E44 on Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources, this test method was withdrawn in November 2013. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because it is believed that this document is no longer used and therefore not needed.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
28-Feb-2007
Withdrawal Date
12-Dec-2013
ICS
27.160 - Solar energy engineering
Technical Committee
E44 - Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1089-86(2001) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007

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ASTM E1089-86(2007) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference (Withdrawn 2013)ASTM E1089-86(2007) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference (Withdrawn 2013)
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ASTM E1089-86(2007) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference (Withdrawn 2013)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1089 − 86 (Reapproved 2007)
StandardTest Method for
Water Penetration of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Uniform
Static Air Pressure Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1089; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 specimen, n—the entire assembled unit as submitted
for test.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
3.1.2 test pressure difference, n—the specified difference in
tance of flat plate solar collectors to water penetration when
static air pressure across the specimen expressed as pascals or
water is applied to their outer surfaces with a static air pressure
pounds-force per square foot.
at the outer surface higher than the pressure at the interior of
the collector.
3.1.3 water leakage, n—penetration of water into the inner
surfaces of the test specimen under specified conditions of air
1.2 This test method is applicable to any flat plate solar
pressure difference across the specimen during a 15-min test
collector.
period.
1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge
of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
4. Summary of Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The test consists of either of the following:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1.1 Sealing the test specimen into or against one face of a
only.
test chamber, supplying air to or exhausting air from the
chamber at the rate required to maintain the test pressure
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
difference across the specimen, while spraying water onto the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate and observing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
any water leakage,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.2 Alternately exhausting air from the interior of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
collector to create the pressure differential, or
tionary information is contained in Section 6.
4.1.3 Any other method that can create a similar pressure
2. Referenced Documents
difference.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
E331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior
5.1 Therainspraytestdescribedin8.1asMethodAisbased
Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uni-
upon Test Method E331 which is intended for use in the
form Static Air Pressure Difference
evaluation of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors. This
E823 Practice for Nonoperational Exposure and Inspection
test method is intended to supplement the water spray test in
of a Solar Collector (Withdrawn 2010)
Practice E823 that does not include the effects of wind-driven
3. Terminology
rain. This method includes the use of a pressure differential to
enhance the penetration of water into the assembly being
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tested. This type of pressure differential can occur with many
types of solar collector mounting configurations. In the case of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
solar collectors that form a building element, for example, a
Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
roof, this pressure differential will be caused by differences of
Subcommittee E44.05 on Solar Heating and Cooling Systems and Materials.
pressure inside and outside the building. In the case of solar
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1089-86(2001). DOI:
collectors mounted on standoffs or racks, this pressure differ-
10.1520/E1089-86R07.
ential will be caused by positive and negative wind forces
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
acting simultaneously on faces of the collector.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.2 Water leakage due to joint expansion can be influenced
the ASTM website.
by several factors, including: the specific collector design and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. materials used, the test specimen temperature, and the water
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1089 − 86 (Reapproved 2007)
spray temperature (Note 1), in addition to the pressure differ- exhausting air from the chamber at a rate required to maintain
ential. The temperature conditions will vary in outdoor expo- the test pressure difference across the collector, while spraying
sure. The test temperatures should be selected to be represen- water onto the face of the collector at the required rate.
tative of outdoor conditions where the collectors will be used.
NOTE 2—Wind machines may be preferable for creation of the pressure
differential in cases where the test specimen configuration does not permit
NOTE 1—Water spray temperatures are likely to range from 4.5°C to
the use of the apparatus described in 8.1 and 8.2.
29.4°C (40 to 85°F).
8.2 Method B—The water spray system shall be identical to
6. Safety Precautions
that provided in Method A. The pressure differential shall be
6.1 Glass breakage will not normally occur at the small appliedbyexhaustingairfromtheinteriorofthecollectorcase.
pressure differences applied in this test. Excessive pressure
8.3 Balance, having an accuracy of at least 50 g (0.1 lb) and
differences may occur, however, due to error in operation or
a capacity sufficient to weigh the collector shall be used.
whenthea
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the ability of cover plates for flat-plate solar collectors to withstand impact forces of falling hail. Propelled ice balls are used to simulate falling hailstones. This practice is not intended to apply to photovoltaic cells or arrays.  
1.2 This practice defines two types of test specimens, describes methods for mounting specimens, specifies impact locations on each test specimen, provides an equation for determining the velocity of any size ice ball, provides a method for impacting the test specimens with ice balls, and specifies parameters that must be recorded and reported.  
1.3 This practice does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable levels of ice-ball impact resistance is beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.4 The size of ice ball to be used in conducting this test is not specified in this practice. This practice can be used with various sizes of ice balls.  
1.5 The categories of solar collector cover plate materials to which this practice may be applied cover the range of:  
1.5.1 Brittle sheet, such as glass,  
1.5.2 Semirigid sheet, such as plastic, and  
1.5.3 Flexible membrane, such as plastic film.  
1.6 Solar collector cover materials should be tested as:  
1.6.1 Part of an assembled collector (Type 1 specimen), or  
1.6.2 Mounted on a separate test frame cover plate holder (Type 2 specimen).  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internatio...

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ASTM
ASTM E881-92(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Exposure of Solar Collector Cover Materials to Natural Weathering Under Conditions Simulating Stagnation Mode

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes a weathering box test fixture and establishes limits for the heat loss coefficients. Uniform exposure guidelines are provided to minimize the variables encountered during outdoor exposure testing.  
4.2 Since the combination of elevated temperature and solar radiation may cause some solar collector cover materials to degrade more rapidly than either exposure alone, a weathering box that elevates the temperature of the cover materials is used.  
4.3 This practice may be used to assist in the evaluation of solar collector cover materials in the stagnation mode. No single temperature or procedure can duplicate the range of temperatures and environmental conditions to which cover materials may be exposed during stagnation conditions. To assist in evaluation of solar collector cover materials in the operational mode, Practice E782 should be used. Insufficient data exist to obtain exact correlation between the behavior of materials exposed in accordance with this practice and actual in-service performance.  
4.4 This practice may also be useful in comparing the performance of different materials at one site or the performance of the same material at different sites, or both.  
4.5 Means of evaluating the effects of weathering are provided in Practice E765, and in other ASTM test methods that evaluate material properties.  
4.6 Exposures of the type described in this practice may be used to evaluate the stability of solar collector cover materials when exposed outdoors to the varied influences that comprise weather. Exposure conditions are complex and changeable. Important factors are material temperature, climate, time of year, presence of industrial pollution, etc. Generally, because it is difficult to define or measure precisely the factors influencing degradation due to weathering, results of outdoor exposure tests must be taken as indicative only. Repeated exposure testing at different seasons over a period of more than one year is req...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the exposure of solar collector cover materials to the natural weather environment at elevated temperatures that approximate stagnation conditions in solar collectors having a combined back and edge loss coefficient of less than 1.5 W/(m2·°C).  
1.2 This practice is suitable for exposure of both glass and plastic solar collector cover materials. Provisions are made for exposure of single and double cover assemblies to accommodate the need for exposure of both inner and outer solar collector cover materials.  
1.3 This practice does not apply to cover materials for evacuated collectors, photovoltaic cells, flat-plate collectors having a combined back and edge loss coefficient greater than 1.5 W/(m2·°C), or flat-plate collectors whose design incorporates means for limiting temperatures during stagnation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E782-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Exposure of Cover Materials for Solar Collectors to Natural Weathering Under Conditions Simulating Operational Mode

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice describes a weathering box test fixture and provides uniform exposure guidelines to minimize the variables encountered during outdoor exposure testing.  
3.2 This practice may be useful in comparing the performance of different materials at one site or the performance of the same material at different sites, or both.  
3.3 Since the combination of elevated temperature and solar radiation may cause some solar collector cover materials to degrade more rapidly than either alone, a weathering box that elevates the temperature of the cover materials is used.  
3.4 This practice is intended to assist in the evaluation of solar collector cover materials in the operational, not stagnation mode. Insufficient data exist to obtain exact correlation between the behavior of materials exposed according to this practice and actual in-service performance.  
3.5 Means of evaluation of effects of weathering are provided in Practice E781, and in other ASTM test methods that evaluate material properties.  
3.6 Tests of the type described in this practice may be used to evaluate the stability of solar collector cover materials when exposed outdoors to the varied influences which comprise weather. Exposure conditions are complex and changeable. Important factors are solar radiation, temperature, moisture, time of year, presence of pollutants, etc. These factors vary from site to site and should be considered in selecting locations for exposure. Control samples must always be used in weathering tests for comparative analysis. Outdoor exposure for at least two years is required to make evident changes, such as surface degradation without the use of sophisticated analytical equipment.  
3.7 Temperature conditions attained with this box may not exactly duplicate those that occur under operational conditions with fluid flow. Dependent on environmental exposure conditions, the cover plate temperatures obtained with this box may be higher or lower than those obtained und...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for the exposure of cover materials for flat-plate solar collectors to the natural weather environment at temperatures that are elevated to approximate operating conditions.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for exposure of both glass and plastic solar collector cover materials. Provisions are made for exposure of single and double cover assemblies to accommodate the need for exposure of both inner and outer solar collector cover materials.  
1.3 This practice does not apply to cover materials for evacuated collectors or photovoltaics.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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