27.160 - Solar energy engineering
ICS 27.160 Details
Solar energy engineering
Solartechnik
Énergie solaire
Sončna energija
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IEC 62788-2-1:2023 specifies the safety requirements for flexible polymeric front- and backsheet constructions, which are intended for use as relied-upon insulation in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The specifications in this document define the specific requirements of polymeric front- or backsheet constructions on the component level and cover mechanical, electrical, visual and thermal characterization in an unexposed state and/or after ageing.
This document covers class II and class 0 modules, as defined in IEC 61730-1. Class III modules are out of scope. This document provides the requirements for qualification of front- and backsheets to be used in module safety qualification according to IEC 61730-1. Test method descriptions are provided in IEC TS 62788-2, along with additional characterization methods useful for performance or quality assurance.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 63027:2023 applies to equipment used for the detection and optionally the interruption of electric DC arcs in photovoltaic (PV) system circuits. The document covers test procedures for the detection of series arcs within PV circuits, and the response times of equipment employed to interrupt the arcs.
The document defines reference scenarios according to which the testing is conducted. This document covers equipment connected to systems not exceeding a maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V DC. This document provides requirements and testing procedures for arc-fault protection devices used in PV systems to reduce the risk of igniting an electrical fire.
- Standard68 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies definitions and test methods for glazing material durability and performance. This document is applicable to those collectors having a glazing to fit sheets or tubes of glass into collectors; accordingly, soda lime silicate glass and borosilicate glass are used. This document is applicable to solar transmittance of glass for solar collector.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 62607-7-2:2023 specifies the efficiency testing of photovoltaic cells (excluding multi-junction cells) under indoor light. Although it is primarily intended for nano-enabled photovoltaic cells (organic thin-film, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC), and Perovskite solar cells), it can also be applied to other types of photovoltaic cells, such as Si, CIGS, GaAs cells, and so on.
- Technical specification48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60904-2:2023 gives requirements for the classification, selection, packaging, marking, calibration and care of photovoltaic reference devices. This document applies to photovoltaic (PV) reference devices that are used to measure the irradiance of natural or simulated sunlight for the purpose of quantifying the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices (cells, modules and arrays). It does not cover photovoltaic reference devices for use under concentrated sunlight. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) added calibration procedures for calibrating PV devices at maximum power by extending the respective Clauses 12 and 13;
b) revised requirements for mandatory measurement of spectral responsivity, temperature coefficients and linearity, depending on usage and allowing some measurements on equivalent devices;
c) revised requirements for built-in shunt resistor;
d) added requirements for traceability of calibration explicitly.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 63027:2023 applies to equipment used for the detection and optionally the interruption of electric DC arcs in photovoltaic (PV) system circuits. The document covers test procedures for the detection of series arcs within PV circuits, and the response times of equipment employed to interrupt the arcs. The document defines reference scenarios according to which the testing is conducted. This document covers equipment connected to systems not exceeding a maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V DC. This document provides requirements and testing procedures for arc-fault protection devices used in PV systems to reduce the risk of igniting an electrical fire.
- Standard68 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 63027:2023 applies to equipment used for the detection and optionally the interruption of electric DC arcs in photovoltaic (PV) system circuits. The document covers test procedures for the detection of series arcs within PV circuits, and the response times of equipment employed to interrupt the arcs.
The document defines reference scenarios according to which the testing is conducted. This document covers equipment connected to systems not exceeding a maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V DC. This document provides requirements and testing procedures for arc-fault protection devices used in PV systems to reduce the risk of igniting an electrical fire.
- Standard131 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62109-3:2020 covers the particular safety requirements for electronic elements that are mechanically and/or electrically incorporated with photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems.
Mechanically and/or electrically incorporated means that the whole combination of electronic device with the photovoltaic element is sold as one product. Nevertheless, tests provided in this document may also be used to evaluate compatibility of PV modules and electronic devices that are sold separately and are intended to be installed close to each other.
The purpose of the requirements of this document is to provide additional safety-related testing requirements for the following types of integrated electronics, collectively referred to as module integrated equipment (MIE):
a) Type A MIE where the PV element can be evaluated as a PV module according to IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730‑2 independently from the electronic element;
b) Type B MIE where the PV element cannot be evaluated as a PV module according to IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2 independently from the electronic element.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60904 describes the preferred method for determining the equivalent cell
temperature (ECT) of PV devices (cells, modules and arrays of one type of module), for the
purposes of comparing their thermal characteristics, determining NOCT (nominal operating cell
temperature) or alternatively NMOT (nominal module operating temperature), and translating
measured I-V characteristics to other temperatures.
- Amendment12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 63202-3:2023 describes procedures for the measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of crystalline silicon bifacial photovoltaic (PV) cells for both laboratory and mass production applications.
This document is intended to be used for measurement of individual unencapsulated bifacial PV cells, in addition to the requirements described in IEC 60904-1 and differentiating from IEC TS 60904-1-2 which is more applicable to encapsulated PV device. Specific requirements on bifacial reference cells and calibration of solar simulators are also defined to provide useful guidance for the proposed methods.
- Technical specification17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies two preferred methods for the calibration of pyranometers using reference pyranometers; indoor (Type A) and outdoor (Type B). Indoor or type A calibration, is performed against a lamp source, while the outdoor method B, employs natural solar radiation as the source. Indoor calibration is performed either at normal incidence (type A1), the receiver surface perpendicular to the beam of the lamp or under exposure to a uniform diffuse lamp source using an integrating sphere (type A2). Outdoor calibration is performed using the sun as a source, with the pyranometer in a horizontal position (type B1), in a tilted position (type B2), or at normal incidence (type B3). Calibrations according to the specified methods will be traceable to SI, through the world radiometric reference (WRR), provided that traceable reference instruments are used. This document is applicable to most types of pyranometers regardless of the type technology employed. The methods have been validated for pyranometers that comply with the requirements for classes A, B and C of ISO 9060. In general, all pyranometers may be calibrated by using the described methods, provided that a proper uncertainty evaluation is performed. Unlike spectrally flat pyranometers, non-spectrally flat pyranometers might have a spectral response that varies strongly with the wavelength even within the spectral range from 300 to 1 500 nm, and therefore the calibration result may possibly be valid under a more limited range of conditions. The result of a calibration is an instrument sensitivity accompanied by an uncertainty. This document offers suggestions for uncertainty evaluation in the annexes.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62947:2019 is applicable to organizations manufacturing photovoltaic (PV) modules certified to IEC 61215 series and IEC 62108 for design qualification and type approval and IEC 61730 for safety qualification and type approval. The design qualification and type approval of PV modules depend on appropriate methods for product and process design, as well as appropriate control of materials and processes used to manufacture the product. This document lays out best practices for product design, manufacturing processes, and selection and control of materials used in the manufacture of PV modules that have met the requirements of IEC 61215 series, IEC 61730, or IEC 62108. These standards also form the basis for factory audit criteria of such sites by various certifying and auditory bodies. The object of this document is to provide a framework for the improved confidence in the ongoing consistency of performance and reliability of certified PV modules. The requirements of this document are defined with the assumption that the quality management system of the organization has already fulfilled the requirements of ISO 9001 or equivalent quality management system. This document is not intended to replace or remove any requirements of ISO9001 or equivalent quality management system. By maintaining a manufacturing system in accordance with this document, PV modules are expected to maintain their performance as determined from the test sequences in IEC 61215 series, IEC 62108, or IEC 61730.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies two procedures to check the performance of solar thermal collector fields. This document is applicable to glazed flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors and/or tracking, concentrating collectors used as collectors in fields.
The check can be done on the thermal power output of the collector field and also be on the daily yield of the collector field.
The document specifies for the two procedures how to compare a measured output with a calculated one.
The document applies for all sizes of collector fields.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60904 describes the preferred method for determining the equivalent cell
temperature (ECT) of PV devices (cells, modules and arrays of one type of module), for the
purposes of comparing their thermal characteristics, determining NOCT (nominal operating cell
temperature) or alternatively NMOT (nominal module operating temperature), and translating
measured I-V characteristics to other temperatures.
- Amendment12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60904-4:2019 is available as IEC 60904-4:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60904-4:2019 sets the requirements for calibration procedures intended to establish the traceability of photovoltaic (PV) reference devices to SI units as required by IEC 60904-2. This document applies to PV reference devices that are used to measure the irradiance of natural or simulated sunlight for the purpose of quantifying the performance of PV devices. The use of a PV reference device is required in many standards concerning PV (e.g. IEC 60904-1 and IEC 60904-3). This document has been written with single-junction PV reference devices in mind, in particular crystalline silicon, but it is sufficiently general to include other single-junction technologies. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: modification of standard title; - inclusion of working reference in traceability chain; - update of WRR with respect to SI; - revision of all methods and their uncertainties in annex - harmonization of symbols and formulae with other IEC standards.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 63397:2022 defines additional testing requirements for modules deployed under applications or in environments where PV modules are likely to be exposed to the impact of hailstones leading to higher stress beyond the scope of the IEC 61215 series. This document aims to assist in the selection of modules for deployment in specific regions that have a higher risk of hail damage and to provide tools for improving module design.
The contents of the corrigendum of July 2023 have been included in this copy.
- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document defines basic terms relating to the work of ISO/TC 180. The committee covers standardization in the field of the measurement of solar radiation and solar energy utilization in space and water heating, cooling, industrial process heating and air conditioning. Consequently, the vocabulary within this document is focussed on definitions relating to those measurement and utilisation technologies.
Since the 1999 version of this document there has been considerable development in solar photovoltaic technologies and high temperature solar thermal technologies that use heat to produce electricity or to provide high temperatures for processes that require elevated temperatures. This standard has some definitions that are useful also for those technologies; however, there are other documents that cover vocabulary for these technologies in more detail.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62109-3:2020 covers the particular safety requirements for electronic elements that are mechanically and/or electrically incorporated with photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems. Mechanically and/or electrically incorporated means that the whole combination of electronic device with the photovoltaic element is sold as one product. Nevertheless, tests provided in this document may also be used to evaluate compatibility of PV modules and electronic devices that are sold separately and are intended to be installed close to each other. The purpose of the requirements of this document is to provide additional safety-related testing requirements for the following types of integrated electronics, collectively referred to as module integrated equipment (MIE): a) Type A MIE where the PV element can be evaluated as a PV module according to IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730‑2 independently from the electronic element; b) Type B MIE where the PV element cannot be evaluated as a PV module according to IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2 independently from the electronic element.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are electrical devices intended for continuous outdoor exposure during their lifetime. Existing type approval standards do not consider mechanical stresses that may occur during transportation to the PV installation destination.
This part of IEC 62759 describes methods for the simulation of transportation of complete package units of modules and combined subsequent environmental impacts.
This standard is designed so that its test sequence can co-ordinate with those of IEC 61215 so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the transportation simulation and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design.This standard applies to flat plate photovoltaic modules.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 62257-100:2022 introduces the entire series regarding off-grid renewable energy and hybrid products and systems most commonly used for rural applications and access to electricity. This document provides a guide for facilitating the reading and the use of the IEC 62257 series for setting up off-grid electrification in developing countries or in developed countries, the only difference being the level of service and the needed quantity of energy that the customer can afford.
This document outlines the organization of documents within the updated IEC 62257-xxx series published in 2022 and later, including utilization of a new 3-digit part numbering scheme, grouped into topics and subtopics.
- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60904-7:2019 is available as IEC 60904-7:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60904-7:2019 describes the procedure for correcting the spectral mismatch error introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic device, caused by the mismatch between the test spectrum and the reference spectrum (e.g. AM1.5 spectrum) and by the mismatch between the spectral responsivities (SR) of the reference device and of the device under test and therewith reduce the systematic uncertainty. This procedure is valid for single-junction devices but the principle may be extended to cover multi-junction devices. The purpose of this document is to give guidelines for the correction of the spectral mismatch error, should there be a spectral mismatch between the test spectrum and the reference spectrum as well as between the reference device SR and the device under test SR. The calculated spectral mismatch correction is only valid for the specific combination of test and reference devices measured with a particular test spectrum. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2008. The main technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows: - For better compatibility and less redundancy, the clause “Determination of test spectrum” refers to IEC 60904-9. - The spectral mismatch factor is called SMM instead of MM to enable differentiation to the angular mismatch factor AMM and spectral angular mismatch factor SAMM. - Formulae for the derivation and application of the spectral mismatch factor SMM are added. - Links to new standards are given, e.g. concerning multi-junction devices. - Corrected wording (responsivity instead of response and irradiance instead of intensity).
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62862-4-1:2022 specifies the general requirements for the design of solar power tower plants and covers the electric power system requirements, the solar resource assessment, the site selection, the overall planning, the layout of the heliostat field and the receiver tower, the layout of the power block, the collector system, the heat transfer, the thermal energy storage and steam generation system, the steam turbine system, the water treatment system, the information system, instrumentation and control, the electrical equipment and system, occupational safety and occupational health. This document is applicable to the design requirements of newly built, expanded or rebuilt solar power tower plants employing steam turbines with molten salt or water-steam as heat transfer fluid.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC Corrected version
- Corrigendum4 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design qualification and type approval of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies suitable for long-term operation in general open-air climates as defined in IEC 60721-2-1. The test sequence is partially based on that specified in IEC 61215-1 for the design qualification and type approval of flat-plate terrestrial crystalline silicon PV modules. However, some changes have been made to account for the special features of CPV receivers and modules, particularly with regard to the separation of on-site and in-lab tests, effects of tracking alignment, high current density, and rapid temperature changes, which have resulted in the formulation of some new test procedures or new requirements.
The object of this test standard is to determine the electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the CPV modules and assemblies and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the CPV modules and assemblies are capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope. The actual life of CPV modules and assemblies so qualified will depend on their design, production, environment, and the conditions under which they are operated.
This standard shall be used in conjunction with the retest guidelines described in Annex B.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure to check a guaranteed performance of large collector fields. The collectors in the field can be glazed flat plate collectors or evacuated tube collectors.
The performance guaranteed and checked is the thermal power output of the collector field – the document specifies how to compare a measured output with a calculated one.
The document applies for all sizes of collector fields.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are electrical devices intended for continuous outdoor exposure during their lifetime. Existing type approval standards do not consider mechanical stresses that may occur during transportation to the PV installation destination. This part of IEC 62759 describes methods for the simulation of transportation of complete package units of modules and combined subsequent environmental impacts. This standard is designed so that its test sequence can co-ordinate with those of IEC 61215 so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the transportation simulation and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design.This standard applies to flat plate photovoltaic modules.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 62788-6-3:2022 describes the single cantilevered beam (SCB) test, useful for characterizing adhesion in photovoltaic (PV) modules. This document offers a generalized method for performing the test, with the expectation that best practices for utilizing this test method will be developed for specific applications.
This document provides a method for measuring the adhesion energy of most interfaces within the photovoltaic (PV) module laminate. This method provides a measure of adhesive energy, via the critical energy release rate, and so is more useful for comparing adhesion of different specimen types; e.g. different materials, module or coupon samples, or materials before and after stress exposure.
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 63209-2:2022 includes a menu of tests to use for evaluation of the long-term reliability of materials used as backsheets and encapsulants in PV modules. It is intended to provide information to supplement the baseline testing defined in IEC 61215 and IEC 61730, which are qualification tests with pass-fail criteria. used for reliability analysis and is not intended to be used as a pass-fail test procedure. This document addresses polymeric materials in the crystalline silicon module laminates, specifically backsheets and encapsulants in Glass/Glass or Glass/Backsheet modules. The included environmental stress tests are intended to cause degradation that is most relevant to field experience, but these may not capture all failure modes which may be observed in various locations.
- Technical specification20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides an appropriate reference spectral irradiance distribution to be used in determining relative performance of solar thermal, photovoltaic, and other systems, components and materials where the direct or hemispherical irradiance component is desired. This document provides one reference hemispherical irradiance spectrum, one reference direct normal irradiance spectrum and 171 subordinate hemispherical tilted irradiance spectra. The reference spectral irradiance presented in this document defines an air mass 1,5 solar spectral irradiance, for use in solar applications where a reference spectral irradiance is required, for the direct normal radiation 5,8° field-of-view angle and hemispherical radiation on an equator-facing, 37° tilted plane for albedo corresponding to a light sandy soil. The reference spectral irradiance are intended to represent ideal clear sky conditions. The reference spectra and the subordinate spectral irradiances representing different sky conditions are provided in .xls files available at https://standards.iso.org/iso/9845/-1/ed-2/en/
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 63202-1:2019 describes procedures for measuring the light-induced degradation (LID) of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells in simulated sunlight. The magnitude of LID in a crystalline silicon PV cell is determined by comparing maximum output power at Standard Test Conditions (STC) before, and after, exposure to simulated sunlight at a specified temperature and irradiance. The purpose of this document is to provide standardized PV cell LID information to help PV module manufacturers in minimizing the mismatch between cells within the same module, thereby maximizing power yield.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design qualification and type approval of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies suitable for long-term operation in general open-air climates as defined in IEC 60721-2-1. The test sequence is partially based on that specified in IEC 61215-1 for the design qualification and type approval of flat-plate terrestrial crystalline silicon PV modules. However, some changes have been made to account for the special features of CPV receivers and modules, particularly with regard to the separation of on-site and in-lab tests, effects of tracking alignment, high current density, and rapid temperature changes, which have resulted in the formulation of some new test procedures or new requirements. The object of this test standard is to determine the electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the CPV modules and assemblies and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the CPV modules and assemblies are capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope. The actual life of CPV modules and assemblies so qualified will depend on their design, production, environment, and the conditions under which they are operated. This standard shall be used in conjunction with the retest guidelines described in Annex B.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 63342:2022 is designed to assess the effect of light induced degradation at elevated temperatures (LETID) by application of electrical current at higher temperatures. In this document, only the current injection approach for the detection of LETID is addressed.
This document does not address the B-O and Iron Boron (Fe-B) related degradation phenomena, which already occur at room temperatures under the presence of light and on much faster time scales. The proposed test procedure can reveal sample sensitivity to LETID degradation mechanisms, but it does not provide an exact measure of field observable degradation.
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62759-1:2022 describes methods for the simulation of transportation of complete package units of modules and combined subsequent environmental impacts.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Cancellation of tests and references to relevant standards for CPV.
b. Deletion of different classes for PV modules.
c. Deletion of requirement for minimum 10 modules per shipping unit.
d. Implementation of stabilization as intermediate measurement.
e. Addition of pass/fail criteria.
f. Change of requirements for retesting.
g. Change of number of cycles in dynamic mechanical load test.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60904-3:2019 is available as IEC 60904-3:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 60904-3:2019 describes basic measurement principles for determining the electrical output of PV devices. The principles given in this document are designed to relate the performance rating of PV devices to a common reference terrestrial solar spectral irradiance distribution. The reference terrestrial solar spectral irradiance distribution is given in this document in order to classify solar simulators according to the spectral performance requirements contained in IEC 60904-9. The principles contained in this standard cover testing in both natural and simulated sunlight. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) all spectral data were recalculated due to some minor calculation and rounding errors in the third edition; the global spectral irradiance returned to exactly the data of the second edition; b) the angular distribution of the irradiance was clarified.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements on durability, reliability and safety for factory made solar heating systems. The document also includes provisions for evaluation of conformity to these requirements (see Annex A). The concept of system families is included as well, in Annex C.
The requirements in this document apply to factory made solar systems as products. The installation of these systems including their integration with roofs or facades is not considered, but requirements are given for the documentation for the installer and the user to be delivered with the system (see also 4.6).
External auxiliary water heating devices that are placed in series with the factory made system are not considered to be part of the system. Cold water piping from the cold water grid to the system as well as piping from the system to an external auxiliary heater or to draw-off points is not considered to be part of the system. Piping between components of the factory made system is considered to be part of the system. Any integrated heat exchanger or piping for space heating option (see Introduction, last paragraph) is not considered to be part of the system.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 63202-4:2022 describes procedures for measuring the light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LETID) of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells in simulated sunlight. The requirements for measuring initial light induced degradation (LID) of crystalline silicon PV cells are covered by IEC 63202-1, where LID degradation risk of PV cells under moderate temperature and initial durations within termination criteria of 20 kWh·m-2 are evaluated. The procedures described in this document are to evaluate the degradation behaviour of PV cells under elevated temperature and longer duration of light irradiation. The procedures described in this document can be used to detect the LETID risks of PV cells [2],[3] and to judge the effectiveness of LETID mitigation measures, e.g. quick test for production monitoring, thus helping improve the energy yield of PV modules.
- Technical specification10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 63265:2022 outlines methods that can be utilized to ensure reliability throughout the PVPS project phases. It is derived from a management motivation for long lasting and cost-effective energy performance, energy production, secure production and revenue, and safe function. The application of reliability practices in this document is designed to be practical and reduce the costs of unreliability. This document further identifies and defines a normative minimum set of processes and tools to meet the requirements of this document.
Key objectives of this document are to inform users of reliability tools and assessment methods (historic, predictive, and analytical) that can satisfy the stakeholders needs for dependable PV Power System (PVPS) operation. This document provides a fundamental process for ensuring reliability needs can be understood and met. IEC TS 63019 addresses availability which is a higher-level metric that combines reliability and maintainability, and it complements this document as a key normative standard. It should be used in combination with this document.
- Technical specification35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 63401-2:2022, which is a technical report, covers the "control interactions" in converter interfaced generators e.g, wind and PV with the frequency of the resulting oscillation below twice the system frequency. SSCI can be categorized into:
1) SSCI in DFIG is caused by the interaction between DFIG wind turbine converter controls and the series compensated network.
2) SSCI involving FSC (both type-4 wind turbine or PV generators) is caused by the interaction between wind turbine or solar PV's FSC controls and weak AC grid.
This technical report is organized into nine clauses. Clause 1 gives a brief introduction and highlights the scope of this document. Clause 4 presents the historical background of various types of subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) and revisits the terminologies, definitions, and classification in the context of classical SSR and emerging SSCI issues to better understand and classify the emerging interaction phenomena. Clause 5 provides the description, mechanism, and characteristics of the SSCI phenomenon in the framework of real-world incidents, including the SSCI events in the ERCOT, Guyuan, and Hami wind power systems. Clause 6 proposes two benchmark models to study the SSCI DFIG and FSC-based wind turbines or PV generators. Clause 7 gives an overview of existing and emerging modeling and stability analysis approaches to investigate the SSCI phenomenon. Clause 8 outlines various techniques to mitigate the SSCI. It discusses various SSCI mitigation schemes, such as bypassing the series capacitor, selective tripping of WTGs, generator, and plant-level damping control schemes. Clause 9 highlights the need for future works towards standardization of terms, definitions, classification, analysis methods, benchmark models, and mitigation methods.
- Technical report64 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Describes the procedure for determining the error introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic device caused by the interaction of the mismatch between the spectral responses of the test specimen and the reference device, and the mismatch between the test spectrum and the reference spectrum.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
- Amendment3 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines basic terms relating to the work of ISO/TC 180. The committee covers
standardization in the field of the measurement of solar radiation and solar energy utilization in
space and water heating, cooling, industrial process heating and air conditioning. Consequently,
the vocabulary within this document is focussed on definitions relating to those measurement and
utilisation technologies.
Since the 1999 version of this document there has been considerable development in solar photovoltaic
technologies and high temperature solar thermal technologies that use heat to produce electricity or to
provide high temperatures for processes that require elevated temperatures. This standard has some
definitions that are useful also for those technologies; however, there are other documents that cover
vocabulary for these technologies in more detail.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
No scope available
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to all types of fluid heating solar collectors. This European Standard specifies performance requirements for fluid heating solar collectors with respect to durability, reliability, safety and thermal performance. This European Standard includes provisions for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance to these requirements.
This document deals with the collector module and not with assemblies. This document is not applicable to those devices in which a thermal storage unit is an integral part to such an extent that the collection process cannot be separated from the storage process for making the collector thermal performance measurements.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62108:2022 is available as IEC 62108:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62108:2022 specifies the minimum requirements for the design qualification and type approval of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies suitable for long-term operation in general open-air climates as defined in IEC 60721-2-1. The object of this test document is to determine the electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the CPV modules and assemblies and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the CPV modules and assemblies are capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope.
- Standard103 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies two procedures to check the performance of solar thermal collector fields. This document is applicable to glazed flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors and/or tracking, concentrating collectors used as collectors in fields. The check can be done on the thermal power output of the collector field and also be on the daily yield of the collector field. The document specifies for the two procedures how to compare a measured output with a calculated one. The document applies for all sizes of collector fields.
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This document defines a test sequence that extends the thermal cycling test of IEC 61215-2. It is intended to differentiate PV modules with improved durability to thermal cycling and evaluate modules for deployment in locations most susceptible to thermal cycling type stress1. This document is based on the ability for 95 % of the modules represented by the samples submitted for this test to pass an equivalency of 500 thermal cycles, as defined in IEC 61215-2:2016, 4.11.3, with a maximum power degradation of less than 5 %. Provisions are also provided to reduce overall test time by increasing the maximum cycle temperature and/or the number of modules submitted for test. The test procedure in this document was developed based on analysis of the stress on tin-lead solder bonds on crystalline silicon solar cells in a glass superstrate type package. Changes to lead-free solder have an effect on the acceleration factors but not enough to change the overall results of this test. Monolithic type modules with integral cell interconnection do not suffer from this specific type of stress but there are still electrical connections within the module, for example between the integrated cell circuit and the module bus bars, that may be subject to wear out from thermal cycling. Flexible modules (without glass) are not stressed in the same way as those with glass superstrates or substrates, therefore use of the equivalency factor employed in this document may not be applicable to these modules.
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