27.160 - Solar energy engineering
ICS 27.160 Details
Solar energy engineering
Solartechnik
Énergie solaire
Sončna energija
General Information
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126.
Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended
to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163
(under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in
IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941
regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests
procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations
are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described
in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si; a-Si/μc-Si) based
terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this
technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures
described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations
are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described
in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 based terrestrial flat plate
modules. As such it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology
supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures
described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules
so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they
are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 631261. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are
recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in
IEC TS 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as
crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are
performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module
is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are
empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are
applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and
thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated
test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that
are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient
level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215
series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described
in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC TS 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. It does not apply to systems that are not long-term applications, such as flexible modules installed in awnings or tenting.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.
This document does not address the particularities of PV modules with integrated electronics. It may however be used as a basis for testing such PV modules.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design, and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the minimum requirements for the qualification of concentrator
photovoltaic (CPV) cells and Cell on Carrier (CoC) assemblies for incorporation into CPV
receivers, modules and systems.
The object of this qualification standard is to determine the optoelectronic, mechanical, thermal,
and processing characteristics of CPV cells and CoCs to show that they are capable of
withstanding assembly processes and CPV application environments. The qualification tests of
this document are designed to demonstrate that cells or CoCs are suitable for typical assembly
processes, and when properly assembled, are capable of passing IEC 62108.
This document defines qualification testing for two levels of concentrator photovoltaic device
assembly:
a) cell, or bare cell; and
b) cell on carrier (CoC).
NOTE Note that a variety of alternate names are used within the industry, such as solar cell assembly, receiver,
etc.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations
are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described
in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all thin-film CdTe based terrestrial flat plate modules.
As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing
IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures
described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 63140:2021 provides test methods for quantifying the permanent change in a monolithically integrated PV module’s power output that may result from some potential partial shade conditions. Three tests are available, representing conditions of use, misuse, and most severe misuse. This document is applicable to monolithically integrated PV modules with one series-connected cell group or with multiple series-connected cell groups that are in turn connected in parallel. This document is not applicable to PV modules formed by the interconnection of separate cells.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 63209-1:2021 is intended to provide information to supplement the baseline testing defined in IEC 61215, which is a qualification test with pass-fail criteria. This document provides a standardized method for evaluating longer term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules and for different bills of materials (BOMs) that may be used when manufacturing those modules. The included test sequences in this specification are intended to provide information for comparative qualitative analysis using stresses relevant to application exposures to target known failure modes.
- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard22 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61215-2:2021 is available as IEC 61215-2:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-2:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. This second edition of IEC 61215-2 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-2 issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Addition of cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load testing (MQT 20).
b. Addition of a test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21).
c. Addition of test methods required for bifacial PV modules.
d. Addition of test methods required for flexible modules. This includes the addition of the bending test (MQT 22).
e. Revision of simulator requirements to ensure uncertainty is both well-defined and minimized.
f. Correction to the hot spot endurance test, where the procedure for monolithically integrated (MLI) thin film technologies (MQT 09.2) previously included two sections describing a procedure only appropriate for silicon modules.
g. Selection of three diodes, rather than all, for testing in the bypass diode thermal test (MQT 18).
h. Removal of the nominal module operating test (NMOT), and associated test of performance at NMOT, from the IEC 61215 series.
- Standard112 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61215-1-1:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-1:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-1, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
d. A procedure for stress specific stabilization – BO LID (MQT 19.3) added.
e. A final stabilization procedure for modules undergoing PID testing added
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 61215-1:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. It does not apply to systems that are not long-term applications, such as flexible modules installed in awnings or tenting. This second edition of IEC 61215-1 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1, published in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Addition of a test taken from IEC TS 62782.
b. Addition of a test taken from IEC TS 62804-1.
c. Addition of test methods required for flexible modules. This includes the addition of the bending test (MQT 22).
d. Addition of definitions, references and instructions on how to perform the IEC 61215 design qualification and type approval on bifacial PV modules.
e. Clarification of the requirements related to power output measurements.
f. Addition of weights to junction box during 200 thermal cycles.
g. Requirement that retesting be performed according to IEC TS 62915.
h. Removal of the nominal module operating test (NMOT), and associated test of performance at NMOT, from the IEC 61215 series.
The contents of the corrigendum of May 2021 have been included in this copy.
- Standard96 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61215-1-4:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-4:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-4:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-4, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61215-1-3:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-3:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-3:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si; a-Si/µc-Si) based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-3, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 63226:2021 is intended for use as guidance for reducing fire risks in general and for site-specific needs for buildings with PV systems. In addition to the general recommendations, technical, installation, and maintenance measures can be selected to reach the intended safety level of the PV system and building, depending on the results of a risk assessment. This document contains general information about building related risks and includes measures for reducing those risks. These measures are not general requirements or recommendations. They are explained as a guide for selecting suitable measures depending on the on-site needs.
- Technical report27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 61215-1-2:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-2:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-2:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all thin-film CdTe based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing. This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-2, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 63156:2021 describes the procedure for evaluating the energy conversion performance of stand-alone or grid-connected power conversion equipment (PCE) used in PV systems. This procedure includes the calculation of inverter performance to anticipate the energy yield of PV systems. This evaluation method is based on standard power efficiency calculation procedures for PCE found in IEC 61683 and IEC 62891, but provides additional methods for evaluating the expected overall energy efficiency for a particular location given solar load profiles. This document can be used as the energy evaluation method for PCE in IEC TS 61724-3, which defines a procedure for evaluating a PV system’s actual energy production relative to its modeled or expected performance.
- Technical specification23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 62862-2-1:2021 defines the requirements and the test methods for the characterization of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. This document contains the information necessary for determining the performance and functional characteristics of active direct and indirect thermal energy storage systems based on sensible heat in solar thermal power plants using parabolic-trough collector, Fresnel collector or tower central receiver technology with liquid storage media.
This document includes characterization procedures for testing energy storage system charge and discharge, as well as reporting the results. Test performance requirements are given and the instrumentation necessary for them, as well as data acquisition and processing methods and methods for calculating the results and their uncertainties.
- Technical specification48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62787:2021 specifies the minimum requirements for the qualification of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cells and Cell on Carrier (CoC) assemblies for incorporation into CPV receivers, modules and systems. The object of this qualification standard is to determine the optoelectronic, mechanical, thermal, and processing characteristics of CPV cells and CoCs to show that they are capable of withstanding assembly processes and CPV application environments. The qualification tests of this document are designed to demonstrate that cells or CoCs are suitable for typical assembly processes, and when properly assembled, are capable of passing IEC 62108.
This document defines qualification testing for two levels of concentrator photovoltaic device assembly:
a) cell, or bare cell; and
b) cell on carrier (CoC).
- Standard70 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC/TS 62727:2012(E) provides guidelines for the parameters to be specified for solar trackers for photovoltaic systems and provides recommendations for measurement techniques. The purpose of this test specification is to define the performance characteristics of trackers and describe the methods to calculate and/or measure critical parameters. This specification provides industry-wide definitions and parameters for solar trackers. Keywords: solar photovoltaic energy, solar trackers
- Technical specification30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of IEC 60904 describes procedures for the measurement of current-voltage
characteristics (I-V curves) of photovoltaic (PV) devices in natural or simulated sunlight. These
procedures are applicable to a single PV solar cell, a sub-assembly of PV solar cells, or a PV
module. They are applicable to single-junction mono-facial PV devices. For other device types,
reference is made to the respective documents, in particular for multi-junction devices to
IEC 60904-1-1 and for bifacial devices to IEC TS 60904-1-2. Additionally informative annexes
are provided concerning area measurement of PV devices (Annex A), PV devices with
capacitance (Annex B), measurement of dark current-voltage characteristics (dark I-V curves)
(Annex C) and effects of spatial non-uniformity of irradiance (Annex D).
NOTE The methods provided in this document can also be used as guidance for taking I-V curves of PV arrays. For
on-site measurement refer to IEC 61829.
This document is applicable to non-concentrating PV devices for use in terrestrial environments,
with reference to (usually but not exclusively) the global reference spectral irradiance AM1.5
defined in IEC 60904-3. It may also be applicable to PV devices for use under concentrated
irradiation if the application uses direct sunlight and reference is instead made to the direct
reference spectral irradiance AM1.5d in IEC 60904-3.
The purposes of this document are to lay down basic requirements for the measurement of I-V
curves of PV devices, to define procedures for different measuring techniques in use and to
show practices for minimising measurement uncertainty. It is applicable to the measurement of
I-V curves in general. I-V measurements can have various purposes, such as calibration (i.e.
traceable measurement with stated uncertainty, usually performed at standard test conditions)
of a PV device under test against a reference device, performance measurement under various
conditions (e.g. for device temperature and irradiance) such as those required by IEC 60891
(for determination of temperature coefficients or internal series resistance), by IEC 61853-1
(power rating of PV devices) or by IEC 60904-10 (for determination of output’s linear
dependence and linearity with respect to a particular test parameter). I-V measurements are
also important in industrial environments such as PV module production facilities, and for testing
in the field. Further guidance on I-V measurements in production facilities is provided in
IEC TR 60904-14.
The actual requirements (e.g. for the class of solar simulator) depend on the end-use. Other
standards referring to IEC 60904-1 can stipulate specific requirements. Where those
requirements are in conflict with this document, the specific requirements take precedence.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60904 describes the procedures used to measure the dependence of any
electrical parameter (Y) of a photovoltaic (PV) device with respect to a test parameter (X) and
to determine the degree at which this dependence is close to an ideal linear (straight-line)
function. It also gives guidance on how to consider deviations from the ideal linear
dependence and in general on how to deal with non-linearities of PV device electrical
parameters. Typical device parameters are the short-circuit current ISC, the open-circuit
voltage VOC and the maximum power Pmax. Typical test parameters are the temperature T and
the irradiance G. However, the same principles described in this document can be applied to
any other test parameter with proper adjustment of the procedure used to vary the parameter
itself.
Performance evaluations of PV modules and systems, as well as performance translations
from one set of temperature and irradiance to another, frequently rely on the use of linear
equations (see for example IEC 60891, IEC 61853-1, IEC 61829 and IEC 61724-1). This
document lays down the requirements for linear dependence test methods, data analysis and
acceptance limits of results to ensure that these linear equations will give satisfactory results.
Such requirements prescribe also the range of the temperature and irradiance over which the
linear equations may be used. This document gives also a procedure on how to correct for
deviations of the short-circuit current ISC from the ideal linear dependence on irradiance
(linearity) for PV devices, regardless of whether they are classified linear or non-linear
according to the limits set in 9.7. The impact of spectral irradiance distribution and spectral
mismatch is considered for measurements using solar simulators as well as under natural
sunlight.
The measurement methods described herein apply to all PV devices, with some caution to be
used for multi-junction PV devices, and are intended to be carried out on a device, or in some
cases on an equivalent device of identical technology, that is stable according to the criteria
set in the relevant part of IEC 61215. These measurements are meant to be performed prior
to all measurements and correction procedures that require a linear device or that prescribe
restrictions for non-linear devices.
The main methodology used in this document is based on a fitting procedure in which a linear
(straight-line) function is fitted to a set of measured data points {Xi,Yi}. The linear function
uses a least-squares fit calculation routine, which in the most advanced analysis also
accounts for the expanded combined uncertainty (k=2) of the measurements. The linear
function crosses the origin in the case of short-circuit current data versus irradiance. The
deviation of the measured data from the ideal linear function is also calculated and limits are
prescribed for the permissible percentage deviation.
Procedures to determine the deviation of the Y(X) dependence from the linear (straight-line)
function are described in Clause 6 (measurements under natural sunlight and with solar
simulator), Clause 7 (differential spectral responsivity measurements) and Clause 8
(measurements via two-lamp and N-lamp method). Data analyses to determine the deviations
from the linear function are given in Clause 9.
A device is considered linear for the specific measured dependence Y(X), when it meets the
requirements of 9.7.
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No scope available
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IEC standards for photovoltaic devices require the use of specific classes of solar simulators
deemed appropriate for specific tests. Solar simulators can be either used for performance
measurements of PV devices or endurance irradiation tests. This part of IEC 60904 provides
the definitions of and means for determining simulator classifications at the required
irradiance levels used for electrical stabilization and characterisation of PV devices.
This document is applicable for solar simulators used in PV test and calibration laboratories
and in manufacturing lines of solar cells and PV modules. The A+ category is primarily
intended for calibration laboratories and is not considered necessary for power measurements
in PV manufacturing and in qualification testing. Class A+ has been introduced because it
allows for reduction in the uncertainty of secondary reference device calibration, which is
usually performed in a calibration laboratory. Measurement uncertainty in PV production lines
will directly benefit from a lower uncertainty of calibration, because production line
measurements are performed using secondary reference devices.
In the case of PV performance measurements, using a solar simulator of a particular class
does not eliminate the need to quantify the influence of the simulator on the measurement by
making spectral mismatch corrections and analysing the influences of spatial non-uniformity
of irradiance in the test plane and temporal stability of irradiance on that measurement. Test
reports for PV devices tested with the simulator report the class of simulator used for the
measurement and the method used to quantify the simulator’s effect on the results.
The purpose of this document is to define classifications of solar simulators for use in indoor
measurements of terrestrial photovoltaic devices. Solar simulators are classified as A+, A, B
or C based on criteria of spectral distribution match, irradiance non-uniformity in the test
plane and temporal instability of irradiance. This document provides the required
methodologies for determining the classification of solar simulators in each of the categories.
A solar simulator which does not meet the minimum requirements of class C cannot be
classified according to this document.
For spectral match classification a new procedure has been added. This procedure addresses
the actual need for an extended wavelength range, which is arising from advances in solar
cell technology (such as increased spectral responsivity below 400 nm) as well as solar
simulator technology (use of component LEDs). The procedure of the second edition of this
standard is still valid, but is only applied if backward compatibility of classification for solar
simulators already in use and for solar simulators in production/sale is required. This
document is referred to by other IEC standards, in which class requirements are laid down for
the use of solar simulators. The solar simulator characteristics described in this document
are not used in isolation to imply any level of measurement confidence or measurement
uncertainty for a solar simulator application (for example, PV module power measurement).
Measurement uncertainties in each application depend on many factors, several of which are
outside the scope of this document:
• Characteristics of the solar simulator, possibly including characteristics not covered by this
document;
• Methods used to calibrate and operate the solar simulator;
• Characteristics of the device(s) under test (for example, size and spectral responsivity);
• Quantities measured from the device(s) under test, including equipment and methods
used for measurement;
• Possible corrections applied to measured quantities.
When applications require a certain solar simulator characteristic, it is preferable to specify a
numerical value rather than a letter classification (for example, “≤ 5 % non-uniformity of
irradiance” rather than “C
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IEC TR 60904-14:2020 provides guidelines for measurements of the maximum power (Pmax) output of single-junction photovoltaic (PV) modules and for reporting at standard test conditions (STC) in industrial production line settings. As it is desirable to have consistent measurement practices across the industry, this document describes the following features of such measurements:
- Essential elements, in order to provide common understanding;
- Common issues or complications;
- Sources of error and uncertainty, including recommendations to minimize them.
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IEC corrected version
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IEC TS 63106-1:2020 provide recommendations for Low Voltage (LV) AC power simulators used for testing utility interactive photovoltaic power conversion equipment (PCE). This document establish terminology, and create a framework for, and provide guidance regarding the electrical performance of AC power simulators used to test utility interactive photovoltaic (PV) power conversion equipment (PCE) for compliance with grid interconnection standards.
It serves as a generalized guideline for the development of AC power simulators used within a test and evaluation system for PV PCEs.
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IEC TR 63227:2020 deals with the protection of PV power supply systems against detrimental effects of lightning strikes and surge voltages of atmospheric origin. In the event that a lightning and/or surge voltage protection is required to be erected, this document describes requirements and measures for maintaining the safety, functionality, and availability of the PV power supply systems.
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This document describes safety requirements, constructional requirements and tests for
junction boxes up to 1 500 V DC for use on photovoltaic modules in accordance with class II
of IEC 61140:2016.
This document applies also to enclosures mounted on PV-modules containing electronic
circuits for converting, controlling, monitoring or similar operations. Additional requirements
concerning the relevant operations are applied under consideration of the environmental
conditions of the PV-modules. This document does not apply to the electronic circuits of these
devices, for which other IEC standards apply.
NOTE For junction boxes in accordance with classes 0 and III of IEC 61140:2016, in photovoltaic-systems, this
document can be used as a guideline.
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IEC 63092-1:2020 specifies BIPV (building-integrated photovoltaic) module requirements and applies to photovoltaic modules used as building products. It focuses on the properties of these photovoltaic modules relevant to basic building requirements and the applicable electro-technical requirements. This document addresses requirements on the BIPV modules in the specific ways they are intended to be mounted but not the mounting structure itself, which is within the scope of IEC 63092-2. This document is based on EN 50583-1.
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IEC 63092-2:2020 specifies BIPV system requirements and applies to photovoltaic systems that are integrated into buildings with the photovoltaic modules used as building products. It focuses on the properties of these photovoltaic systems relevant to basic building requirements and the applicable electrotechnical requirements.
This document addresses requirements on the BIPV systems in the specific ways they are intended to be mounted and the mounting structure, but not the BIPV module itself, which is within the scope of IEC 63092-1.
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IEC 60904-1:2020 describes procedures for the measurement of current-voltage characteristics (I-V curves) of photovoltaic (PV) devices in natural or simulated sunlight. These procedures are applicable to a single PV solar cell, a sub-assembly of PV solar cells, or a PV module. This document is applicable to non-concentrating PV devices for use in terrestrial environments, with reference to (usually but not exclusively) the global reference spectral irradiance AM1.5 defined in IEC 60904-3.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
- Updated scope to include all conditions.
- Added terms and definitions.
- Reorganised document to avoid unnecessary duplication.
- Added data analysis clause.
- Added informative annexes (area measurement, PV devices with capacitance, dark I-V curves and effect of spatial non-uniformity of irradiance).
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IEC 60904-9:2020 is applicable for solar simulators used in PV test and calibration laboratories and in manufacturing lines of solar cells and PV modules. This document define classifications of solar simulators for use in indoor measurements of terrestrial photovoltaic devices. Solar simulators are classified as A+, A, B or C based on criteria of spectral distribution match, irradiance non-uniformity in the test plane and temporal instability of irradiance. This document provides the required methodologies for determining the classification of solar simulators in each of the categories. A solar simulator which does not meet the minimum requirements of class C cannot be classified according to this document. This document is used in combination with IEC TR 60904-14, which deals with best practice recommendations for production line measurements of single-junction PV module maximum power output and reporting at standard test conditions.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition issued in 2007. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Changed title;
- Added spectral match classification in an extended wavelength range;
- Introduction of new A+ class;
- Definition of additional parameters for spectral irradiance evaluation;
- Added apparatus sections for spectral irradiance measurement and spatial uniformity measurement;
- Revised procedure for spectral match classification (minimum 4 measurement locations);
- Revised measurement procedure for spatial uniformity of irradiance;
- Added informative Annex for sensitivity analysis of spectral mismatch error related to solar simulator spectral irradiance.
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IEC 60904-10:2020 describes the procedures used to measure the dependence of any electrical parameter (Y) of a photovoltaic (PV) device with respect to a test parameter (X) and to determine the degree at which this dependence is close to an ideal linear (straight-line) function. It also gives guidance on how to consider deviations from the ideal linear dependence and in general on how to deal with non-linearities of PV device electrical parameters.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Modification of title.
b. Inclusion of an Introduction explanatory of the changes and the reasoning behind them.
c. Inclusion of a new Clause Terms and Definitions (Clause 3), with distinction between generic linear dependence and linear dependence of short-circuit current versus irradiance (linearity).
d. Explicit definition of equivalent sample (Clause 4).
e. Technical revision of the apparatus (Clause 5), of the measurement procedures (Clause 6 to Clause 8) and of the data analysis (Clause 9), with separation of the data analysis for a generic linear dependence from the data analysis specific to linearity (i.e. short-circuit current dependence on irradiance) assessment. Additionally, inclusion of impact of spectral effects on both linearity and linear dependence assessment.
f. Introduction of specific data analysis for two-lamp method, making it fully quantitative. Addition of extended version called N-lamp method.
g. Modification of the linearity assessment criterion with inclusion of a formula that can be used to correct the irradiance reading of a PV reference device for non-linearity of its short-circuit current versus irradiance. A linearity factor is specifically newly defined for this purpose.
h. Revision of the requirements for the report (Clause 10) in order to improve clearness about what information is always necessary and what is dependent on the procedure actually followed to measure the linear dependence, including the type of dependence measured (generic or linearity).
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Photovoltaic (PV) modules are electrical devices normally intended for continuous outdoor
exposure during their lifetime. Highly corrosive wet atmospheres, such as marine
environments or locations near the ocean or other large bodies of salt water, could eventually
degrade some of the PV module components (corrosion of metallic parts, deterioration of the
properties of some non-metallic materials – such as protective coatings and plastics – by
assimilation of salts, etc.) causing permanent degradation that could impair their functioning.
Temporary corrosive atmospheres are also present in places where salt is used in winter
periods to melt ice formations on streets and roads.
This document describes test sequences useful to determine the resistance of different PV
modules to corrosion from salt mist containing Cl (NaCl, MgCl2, etc.). All tests included in the
sequences are fully described in IEC 61215-2, IEC 62108, IEC 61730-2 and IEC 60068-2-52.
The bypass diode functionality test in this document is modified from its description in IEC
61215-2. They are combined in this document to provide means to evaluate possible faults
caused in PV modules when operating under wet atmospheres having high concentration of
dissolved salt (NaCl). Depending on the specific nature of the surrounding atmosphere to
which the module is exposed in real operation several testing methods can be applied, as
defined in IEC 60068-2-52. Guidance for determining the applicability of this document and
selecting an appropriate method is provided in Annex A.
This document can be applied to both flat plate PV modules and concentrator PV modules
and assemblies.
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This document provides a method for determining how well a framed PV module performs
mechanically under the influence of inclined non-uniform snow loads. This document is
applicable for framed modules with frames protruding beyond the front glass surface on the
lower edge after intended installation and as such creates an additional barrier to snow sliding
down from modules. For modules with other frame constructions, such as backrails formed in
frames, on the side edges, on the top edge and on the lower edge not creating an additional
snow slide barrier, this document is not applicable.
The test method determines the mechanical non-uniform-load limit of a framed PV module.
The loads specified in this document apply exclusively to natural snow load distributions. Any
expected artificial accumulations (e.g. from snow removal or redistribution) are considered
separately.
Methods to eliminate or counteract the occurence of inhomogeneous snow accumulation, such
as a steep installation angle (more than 60°), are not included in this document. This document
assumes a relationship between ground snow-cover and module snow-cover which may not be
applicable in locations where the snow does not completely melt between snow falls. This
document does not consider the effect of snow cover on power generation.
While the test method includes a wait time between load steps, the document does not provide
a complete assessment of the fatigue behaviour of the materials of the module, such as front
glass.
Because typical field failures of PV modules caused by snow load show glass breakage and
frame bending, the test method aims at reproducing the load under which such failures occur.
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IEC TR 63279:2020 reviews research into sequential and combined accelerated stress tests that have been devised to determine the potential for degradation modes in PV modules that occur in the field that single-factor and steady-state tests do not show. This document is intended to provide data and theory-based motivation and help visualize the next steps for improved accelerated stress tests that will derisk PV module materials and designs. Any incremental savings as a result of increased reliability and reduced risk translates into lower levelized cost of electricity for PV. Lower costs will result in faster adoption of PV and the associated benefits of renewable energy.
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This document describes the principles for selection, installation and coordination of SPDs intended for use in Photovoltaic (PV) systems up to 1500 V DC and for the AC side of the PV system rated up to 1000 V rms 50/60 Hz.
The photovoltaic installation extends from a PV array or a set of interconnected PV-modules to include the associated cabling and protective devices and the converter up to the connection point in the distribution board or the utility supply point.
This document considers SPDs used in different locations and in different kinds of PV systems:
- PV systems located on the top of a building;
- PV systems located on the ground like free field power plants characterized by multiple earthing and a meshed earthing system.
The term PV installation is used to refer to both kinds of PV systems. The term PV power plant is only used for extended free-field multi-earthed power systems located on the ground.
For PV installations including batteries additional requirements could be necessary.
NOTE 1 The HD 60364 series, EN 62305 series and CLC/TS 61643 12 also apply.
NOTE 2 This document deals only with SPDs and not with surge protective components integrated inside equipment (e.g. inverters, (PCE) power conversion equipment).
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IEC TS 62910:2020 is available as IEC TS 62910:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC TS 62910:2020 provides a test procedure for evaluating the performance of Under Voltage Ride-Through (UVRT) functions in inverters used in utility-interconnected Photovoltaic (PV) systems. This document is most applicable to large systems where PV inverters are connected to utility high voltage (HV) distribution systems. However, the applicable procedures may also be used for low voltage (LV) installations in locations where evolving UVRT requirements include such installations, e.g. single-phase or 3-phase systems. The assessed UVRT performance is valid only for the specific configuration and operational mode of the inverter under test. Separate assessment is required for the inverter in other factory or user-settable configurations, as these may cause the inverter UVRT response to behave differently. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition issued in 2015 and constitutes a technical revision.
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IEC 61215-2 provides a set of qualification tests that indicate that a PV module design is likely
to be free of flaws that will result in early failure. However, IEC 61215-2 does not address the
long term wear-out of PV modules. This part of IEC 62788-1 is designed as a more rigorous
qualification test, using accelerated UV exposure at elevated temperature to determine whether
polymeric encapsulants can suffer loss of optical transmittance. IEC 61215-2 already includes
a UV preconditioning test (MQT 10), however, the parameters for that test only represent a
limited level of exposure (~weeks of UV dose). This test procedure is intended for
representative coupon specimens, applying stress at a greater intensity (designed relative to
Phoenix, AZ), using a radiation spectrum that is more similar to the terrestrial solar spectrum,
and using a duration of exposure that is more relevant to the PV application (i.e., equivalent to
several years of outdoor exposure). This test quantifies the degradation rate of encapsulants
so that the risk of the materials losing optical transmittance during operation in the terrestrial
environments can be managed. The quantitative correlation between climate (or location of use),
a specific application (utility-installation, residential-installation, roof-mount, rack-mount, use of
a tracker, the system electrical configuration and its operation), and the test can be established
for each specific encapsulant material, but is beyond the scope of this document.
The method herein is intended to qualify encapsulants for use in a PV module. This document
is intended to apply to encapsulants used in PV modules deployed under temperature
conditions of normal use, as defined in IEC TS 63126. The use of this method for encapsulants
in modules deployed under conditions of higher temperature is specified elsewhere, for example
IEC TS 63126. The method here is intended to be used to examine a particular encapsulant
and does not cover incompatibilities between the encapsulant and other packaging materials.
This document covers PV technology constructed using a transparent incident
surface/encapsulant/photovoltaic device construction, the relevance to other geometries where
the encapsulant layer is located behind the photovoltaic device layer, is outside the scope of
this document. In the case of bifacial cell technology, the module can accept light from its front
and back surfaces – the transmittance of a frontsheet (if used), encapsulant, and transparent
backsheet (if used) is relevant for both active surfaces. The optical durability of frontsheets and
backsheets, however, is addressed separately in the IEC TS 62788-2. Thin coatings that might
be added for antireflection or anti-soiling purposes are outside the scope of this document. The
method in this document can be used for other purposes (e.g., research and development);
many details of alternate uses of the method (e.g., alternate test durations or measurement
increments) are not described here.
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IEC 62891:2020 provides a procedure for the measurement of the efficiency of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of inverters used in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Both the static and dynamic MPPT efficiency are considered. Based on the static MPPT efficiency calculated in this document and steady state conversion efficiency determined in IEC 61683 the overall efficiency can be calculated. The dynamic MPPT efficiency is indicated separately.
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IEC 62790:2020 is available as IEC 62790:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62790:2020 describes safety requirements, constructional requirements and tests for junction boxes up to 1 500 V DC for use on photovoltaic modules in accordance with class II of IEC 61140:2016.
This document applies also to enclosures mounted on PV-modules containing electronic circuits for converting, controlling, monitoring or similar operations. Additional requirements concerning the relevant operations are applied under consideration of the environmental conditions of the PV-modules. This document does not apply to the electronic circuits of these devices, for which other IEC standards apply. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Modifications in normative references and terms and definitions;
- Improvement of declaration of categories for junction boxes in 4.1;
- Clarification for ambient temperature in 4.1;
- Addition of requirement to provide information concerning RTE/RTI or TI in 4.2;
- Reference to IEC 62930 instead of EN 50618 in 4.6;
- Addition of "Functional insulation" in Table 1;
- Addition of "Distance through cemented joints" in Table 3;
- Correction of procedure of process to categorize material groups (deletion of PTI) in 4.15.2.3;
- Requirement for approval of RTE/RTI or TI for insulation parts in 4.16.1 and 4.16.2;
- Change of requirements concerning electrochemical potential in 4.17.2;
- Clarification for IP-test in 5.3.4.2;
- Addition of test voltage for cemented joints in 5.3.6 and 5.3.16;
- Addition of detailled description on how to prepare the test sample for the thermal cycle test in 5.3.9.1;
- New test procedure for bypass diode thermal test (5.3.18) in accordance with MQT 18.1 of IEC 61215-2:2016;
- New test procedure for reverse overload current test in 5.3.23;
- New Figure 1 for thermal cycle test.
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IEC 62109-3:2020 covers the particular safety requirements for electronic elements that are mechanically and/or electrically incorporated with photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems.
Mechanically and/or electrically incorporated means that the whole combination of electronic device with the photovoltaic element is sold as one product. Nevertheless, tests provided in this document may also be used to evaluate compatibility of PV modules and electronic devices that are sold separately and are intended to be installed close to each other.
The purpose of the requirements of this document is to provide additional safety-related testing requirements for the following types of integrated electronics, collectively referred to as module integrated equipment (MIE):
a) Type A MIE where the PV element can be evaluated as a PV module according to IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730‑2 independently from the electronic element;
b) Type B MIE where the PV element cannot be evaluated as a PV module according to IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2 independently from the electronic element.
The contents of the corrigendum of November 2020 have been included in this copy.
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IEC TR 63292:2020 continues the effort started with the availability technical specification (IEC TS 63019). Availability is closely related to PVPS operational capability, health and condition and to produce energy and is a real-time or historical measure. The availability of a system or component is impacted by contractual and non-contractual reliability specifications, maintenance metrics and a corresponding maintenance and repair strategy, and also external factors such as site environmental and grid conditions. The intention of this document is to be a precursor examination of the reliability issues for further address in a task to produce an IEC Technical Specification on this topic.
While this document identifies reliability tools, topics and procedures, there are commercial products available to perform analyses and there is no assessment of those tools or to provide recommendations for one tool over another in this document.
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IEC TS 63126:2020 defines additional testing requirements for modules deployed under conditions leading to higher module temperature which are beyond the scope of IEC 61215-1 and IEC 61730-1 and the relevant component standards, IEC 62790 and IEC 62852. The testing conditions specified in IEC 61215-2 and IEC 61730-2 (and the relevant component standards IEC 62790 and IEC 62852) assumed that these standards are applicable for module deployment where the 98th percentile temperature (T98th), that is the temperature that a module would be expected to equal or exceed for 175,2 h per year, is less than 70 °C.
This document defines two temperature regimes, temperature level 1 and temperature level 2, which were designed considering deployment in environments with mounting configurations such that the T98th is less than or equal to 80 °C for temperature level 1, and less than or equal to 90 °C for temperature level 2.
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IEC TS 62788-5-2:2020 provides guidelines to assess the ability of an edge seal to prevent moisture ingress from the edges of PV modules. This document does not cover frame adhesives (sometimes colloquially referred to as edge seals) which by design do not serve to prevent moisture ingress to a meaningful degree. Edge seals should keep moisture out, remain adhered, and maintain electrically insulation from the environment. Much of the testing can be done on the material level, but given the fact that there are multiple surfaces, materials interactions, and mechanical stresses, testing on mini modules or modules is necessary. To accomplish this, this document contains three types of test sample types, materials, mini-modules, and full-size modules. It is intended that a quick evaluation and comparison can be made using materials only. This would be followed up by more rigorous tests using mini-modules where all the interfaces are correctly represented. And finally, full-size module tests are used to evaluate the actual construction process to allow unanticipated concerns to be addressed.
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IEC 61701:2020 describes test sequences useful to determine the resistance of different PV modules to corrosion from salt mist containing Cl (NaCl, MgCl2, etc.). All tests included in the sequences are fully described in IEC 61215‑2, IEC 62108, IEC 61730‑2 and IEC 60068‑2‑52. The bypass diode functionality test in this document is modified from its description in IEC 61215‑2. They are combined in this document to provide means to evaluate possible faults caused in PV modules when operating under wet atmospheres having high concentration of dissolved salt (NaCl). Depending on the specific nature of the surrounding atmosphere to which the module is exposed in real operation several testing methods can be applied, as defined in IEC 60068‑2‑52. Guidance for determining the applicability of this document and selecting an appropriate method is provided in Annex A.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition issued in 2011. The main technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
- The scope has been updated to better reflect the applicability of the Standard
- Test methods and requirements have been condensed and aligned with the new editions of IEC 61215-1, IEC 61215-2, and IEC 61730-2. References to crystalline silicon versus thin film technologies have been eliminated. The old Figure 2 on the thin film test sequence has been eliminated.
- The salt mist test references have been updated to harmonize with changes to IEC 60068‑2‑52.
- A normative annex has been added to provide guidance on which of the test methods in IEC 60068-2-52 are applicable to different applications. This includes references to new test methods in the latest edition of IEC 60068-2-52.
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