ASTM E717-84(1999)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Preparation of the Accreditation Annex of Acoustical Test Standards (Withdrawn 2008)
Standard Guide for Preparation of the Accreditation Annex of Acoustical Test Standards (Withdrawn 2008)
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist acoustical standards-writing groups in the preparation of laboratory accreditation annexes for acoustical test standards (see 4.2.1).
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics, this guide was withdrawn in January 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E717 – 84(Reapproved1999)
Standard Guide for
Preparation of the Accreditation Annex of Acoustical Test
1
Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. General Requirements
1.1 This guide is intended to assist acoustical standards- 5.1 Annex:
writing groups in the preparation of laboratory accreditation 5.1.1 Include in the annex all mandatory accreditation
annexes for acoustical test standards (see 3.2.1). requirements, including all procedures, instrumentation, and
facilities specified in the test method (see also 3.1.1).
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.2 State the accreditation requirements with respect to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
performance specifications wherever possible. Avoid require-
E 548 Guide for General Criteria Used for Evaluating ments for specific test instruments, facilities, or procedures,
2
Laboratory Competence unless specifically prescribed in the test method.
NOTE 1—Refer to by section number only those requirements that are
3. Terminology
specified in other sections of the standard, rather than repeating a detailed
3.1 Definitions:
discussion.
3
3.1.1 annex —in acoustical test standards, a section that
5.2 Appendix—Include in the appendix suggested require-
contains information, such as details about apparatus or mate-
ments that are desirable but not essential to the test method.
rials which is an essential and mandatory part of the standard,
but is too lengthy for inclusion in the main text.
6. Format of Accreditation Annex
3
3.1.2 appendix —in acoustical test standards, a section that
6.1 General—The requirements in 6.2 through 6.4
is an informative and nonmandatory part of the standard.
should be included in the annex as required by the test method.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 2—Specify whether the requirements are mandatory or optional.
3.2.1 acoustical test—a test performed in accordance with
Use the word “shall” in statements that the writing group finds necessary
an acoustical standard established by a committee of a recog-
to demonstrate competence to perform the test.
nized standardization organization, such as, but not limited to,
NOTE 3—Practice E 548 prescribes generic attributes that should be
ASTM Committee E-33 on Environmental Acoustics, ANSI
considered by technical committees or others in establishing specific
Committees S1 on Acoustics, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on
criteria for evaluating and accrediting testing laboratories.
Noise, and ISO committees.
6.2 Quality Assurance (Optional, see Note 4):
3.2.2 shall—usually used in a phrase that describes a
6.2.1 In-house Reference Samples.
mandatory requirement.
3.2.3 should—usually used in a phrase that describes an NOTE 4—An accrediting agency may require a laboratory to participate
in additional quality assurance programs such as
...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which are well defined and which are understood by a trained acoustical professional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce results which are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information gathered and documented in the course of the measurement program.
4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to the following:
4.2.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source as a reference for assessment of the noise impact caused by a proposed facility and associated activities,
4.2.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existing source), and
4.2.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example, indication of exceedance of criteria or non-compliance with laws).
4.3 This test method provides a means for operating a sound analysis system which incorporates digital circuits for processing and storing sound level data, documenting conditions under which the measurements were performed, and reporting the results.
4.4 This test method provides the user with information to (1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor sound level over specific time periods at specified places, and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.
4.5 This test method can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acoustical data for many common situations. The data are collected in a format determined by the capabilities of the equipment, equipment operational options selected, and by post-processing options available.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of outdoor sound levels at specific locations using a digital statistical sound analysis system and a formal measurement plan.
1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data. However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requiring multiple sets of data, the test method does not address planning of the measurement program.
1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:
1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,
1.2.2 To characterize the sound emissions of a specific sound source which exhibits a temporal variation in sound output, and
1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of a noise impact mitigation plan.
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with a measurement plan that references this test method. Changes or additions to the provisions of this test method shall be clearly stated in the plan.
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1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound level data with appropriate criteria.
1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used in the derivation of loudness levels provided the necessary requirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidth are observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that a specialist in the area of loudness evaluation be consulted in p...
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ABSTRACT
This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements. The reference specimen is composed of framed steel panels. The required materials for fabrication and installation are as follows: galvanized sheets, frame, and panels. Four kinds of installation may be done: Installation A using a single layer reference specimen, Installation B using double layer reference specimen with a common plate, Installation C using double layer reference specimen with separate plates-empty cavity, and Installation D using double layer reference specimen with separate plates and added layer of sound-absorbing material in the cavity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements using Test Method E90.
1.2 Laboratories may choose to construct and test all of the reference specimens described here or only a subset. Specific specimens may be required by a test method or an accrediting agency.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech sounds exceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the listener's ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.
5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listener's ear from intruding speech depend upon:
5.2.1 The individual vocal effort and orientation of the talker,
5.2.2 The attenuation of speech signals due to distance or intervening barriers, and
5.2.3 The reinforcement of speech signals due to reflections from surfaces such as the ceiling, furniture panels, light fixtures, walls, or windows.
5.3 The ambient sound levels within a space often must be increased in order to mask intruding speech using an electronic sound masking system. However, in certain locations and in specific frequency ranges, the building mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) equipment, and the heating, ventilating, or air conditioning equipment (HVAC) may increase ambient sound levels or add tonal noise components that may require mitigation before tuning the masking sound.
5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to assess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using the standard Articulation Index method. This requires measurement of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3 for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrum is for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work zones for ‘focused work’ where administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a ‘casual’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for ‘collaborative work’ where lively discussion is expected, a ‘raised’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means of objectively assessing speech privacy between locations in open plan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methods for assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan components which affect speech privacy; but rather, it assesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration of components (1, 2).2
1.2 This test method is intended to be a field test for the assessment of speech privacy in actual open plan spaces. However, this test method could be used in mock-up spaces and in environments arranged to simulate an open plan space.
1.3 This test method is suitable for use in many open plan spaces including traditional open offices, focus areas, and collaboration spaces. In addition to office buildings, these types of spaces will also be found in healthcare buildings, institutional spaces, schools, etc. It is not directly applicable for measuring the speech privacy between open plan and enclosed spaces or between fully enclosed spaces.
1.4 This test method relies upon the Articulation Index, which objectively predicts the intelligibility of speech. While both the Articulation Index and this test method can be expected to reliably predict speech privacy, neither predicts the specific effective speech privacy afforded to particular individual occupants.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method permits the evaluation of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas exhausts (usually air). The data can be used by manufacturers to assess or improve their products, or by users to select or specify a silencer. The data acquired using this measurement method allow for performance comparisons of competitive products and aid in the selection of an appropriate device.
5.2 Flow rate is an important parameter to consider when the application involves machinery or equipment that requires compressed air or other gases to be exhausted rapidly. For example, in an automatic pneumatic press, compressed air must be exhausted rapidly to avoid a premature second cycle. For this reason, flow ratio is reported in addition to acoustical performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas (usually air) exhausts from orifices connected to pipe sizes up to 3/4 in. NPT. This test method is not applicable for exhausts performing useful work, such as part conveying, ejection, or cleaning. This test method evaluates acoustical performance using A-weighted sound level measurements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source (for example, assessment of the impact due to a proposed use).
4.1.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existing source).
4.1.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example, indication of exceedence of criteria or non-compliance with laws).
4.2 This guide provides a means for selecting measurement locations, operating a sound level meter, documenting the conditions under which the measurements were performed, and recording the results.
4.3 This guide provides the user with information to (1) make and document the sound level measurements necessary to quantify relatively steady or slowly varying outdoor sound levels over a specific time period and at specific places and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.
4.4 The user is cautioned that there are many nonacoustical factors that can strongly influence the measurement of outdoor sound levels and that this guide is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field of acoustics. The guide is not applicable when more sophisticated measurement methods or equipment are specified. This guide, depending as it does on simplified manual data acquisition, is necessarily more appropriate for the simpler types of environmental noise situations. As the number of sources and the range of sound levels increase, the more likely experienced specialists with sophisticated instruments are needed.
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the measurement of A-weighted sound levels outdoors at specified locations or along particular site boundaries, using a general purpose sound-level meter.
1.2 Three distinct types of measurement surveys are described:
1.2.1 Survey around a site boundary,
1.2.2 Survey at a specified location,
1.2.3 Survey to find the maximum sound level at a specified distance from a source.
1.3 The data obtained using this guide are presented in the form of either time-average sound levels (abbreviation TAV and symbol LAT, also known as equivalent sound level or equivalent continuous sound level abbreviated LEQ and with symbol LAeqT ) or A-weighted percentile levels (symbol LX).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Situations for which outdoor sound level data are required include, but are not limited to, comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits.
4.2 This guide provides information to (1) measure outdoor sound level in the vicinity of outdoor fixed noise sources, and (2) document other observations necessary for the measurements. This guide provides a standard procedure for a trained acoustical professional that will produce results and documentation which are consistent with the purposes cited in 1.1.1 – 1.1.5.
4.3 These sound measurements should be performed by or under the direction of a person experienced in the measurement and analysis of outdoor sound, and who is familiar with the use of the required equipment and techniques.
4.4 This guide can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement guide to collect data on the sound level received from a fixed source within the constraints cited in Section 8 and Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.
4.5 This guide can be used to establish compliance or noncompliance at the time, distance, and conditions during which the data were obtained. However, this guide is only a measurement procedure and does not address the problem of projecting the acquired data outside those conditions, other times of day, other distances, or comparison with specific criteria. In particular, for a given sound source level, distant noise levels will often be found to be greater at night than during the day.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the measurement of outdoor sound due to a fixed sound source such as a siren, stationary pump, power plant, or music amphitheater. Procedures characterize the location, sound level, spectral content, and temporal characteristics of that sound source at the time of measurement. Users should be aware that wind and temperature gradients can cause significant variations in sound levels beyond 300 m. With appropriate caution, the use of measurements resulting from this guide include but are not limited to:
1.1.1 Assessing compliance with applicable regulations,
1.1.2 Monitoring the effectiveness of a noise reduction plan,
1.1.3 Verifying the effectiveness of measures for mitigation of noise impact,
1.1.4 Validating sound prediction models, and
1.1.5 Obtaining source data for use in sound prediction models.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several purposes of this test:
5.1.1 For transmission loss: (a) to characterize the sound insulation characteristics of materials in a less expensive and less time consuming approach than Test Method E90 and ISO 140-3 (“reverberant room methods”), (b) to allow small samples tested when larger samples are impossible to construct or to transport, (c) to allow a rapid technique that does not require an experienced professional to run.
5.1.2 For transfer matrix: (a) to determine additional acoustic properties of the material; (b) to allow calculation of acoustic properties of built-up or composite materials by the combination of their individual transfer matrices.
5.2 There are significant differences between this method and that of the more traditional reverberant room method. Specifically, in this approach the sound impinges on the specimen in a perpendicular direction (“normal incidence”) only, compared to the random incidence of traditional methods. Additionally, revereration room methods specify certain minimum sizes for test specimens which may not be practical for all materials. At present the correlation, if any, between the two methods is not known. Even though this method may not replicate the reverberant room methods for measuring the transmission loss of materials, it can provide comparison data for small specimens, something that cannot be done in the reverberant room method. Normal incidence transmission loss may also be useful in certain situations where the material is placed within a small acoustical cavity close to a sound source, for example, a closely-fitted machine enclosure or portable electronic device.
5.3 Transmission loss is not only a property of a material, but is also strongly dependent on boundary conditions inherent in the method and details of the way the material is mounted. This must be considered in the interpretation of the results obtained by this test method.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of a tube, four microphones, and a digital frequency analysis system for the measurement of normal incident transmission loss and other important acoustic properties of materials by determination of the acoustic transfer matrix.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification states the requirements for sound sources used for measuring the speech privacy between open offices or for measuring the laboratory performance of acoustical components. The sound source shall be a loudspeaker enclosed in a box that has a maximum dimension of 0.30 m (1 ft) on a side, to reduce spurious sound reflections. The measurements shall be carried out in a free sound field. The measurement microphone, amplifier, and level meter used to measure sound pressure levels shall satisfy the requirements prescribed. When the sound source is driven with the qualification signal, the sound output shall be adequate to maintain one-third octave-band sound pressure levels at least 10 dB above the corresponding background noise in each band at each measurement location. The directivity of the sound source shall be verified by driving the source with the qualification signal and measuring the sound pressure levels at measurement points.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification states the requirements for sound sources used for measuring the speech privacy between open offices and for measuring the laboratory performance of acoustical components (see Test Methods E1111 and E1130).
1.2 The sound source shall be a loudspeaker located in an enclosure driven with an appropriate test signal.
1.3 This specification describes the sound source and method of qualifying it using a special qualification signal. Test signals required by open office test methods may differ.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each weighting factor given in Table 1 represents the fraction of overall speech intelligence contained within the associated one-third octave frequency band.
4.2 The weighting factors in Table 1 are obtained by multiplying each individual one-third octave band weighting factor of ANSI S3.5-1969 by 300. Articulation class (AC) values are thus related to but distinctly different from articulation index (AI) values. In particular, the AC considers only the effect of signal attenuation; while the AI considers such additional factors as speech level and spectrum and background sound level and spectrum.
Note 2: The AC is similar to the DAI rating proposed by Warnock6 and has been shown to correlate with AI values derived from ANSI S3.5, except where the AI approaches 1 or 0 (AI values range between 1 and 0 and approach 0 with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility). Articulation class values give the reverse. They usually exceed 100 and increase with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility. Extensive comparison between AC ratings and subjective judgments of open-plan speech privacy has not yet been accomplished.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification provides a single figure rating that can be used for comparing building systems and subsystems for speech privacy purposes. The rating is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence between office spaces.
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this classification are applications involving female speakers or children,2 languages other than English, and sound spectra other than speech. Thus excluded, for example, would be comparisons of building systems or subsystems for their effectiveness in reducing transmitted noise from machinery, industrial processes, bowling alleys, music rooms, places of entertainment, and the like.
Note 1: Published work by Pearsons, et al, may eventually permit the restriction on female speakers to be relaxed.3
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide can be used to produce a specification for the acoustical performance of an enclosure.
5.2 This guide is intended for those familiar with basic concepts of acoustics.
5.3 Although this guide provides detailed guidance in matters relating to specification of acoustical enclosures, it is not a substitute for the experience and judgment of an acoustical or noise control professional.
5.3.1 This guide calls for measurements common within acoustical practice.
5.3.2 The more critical the performance requirements of the enclosure, the more the user should consider seeking the services of an acoustics or noise control professional.
5.4 The specifying of a sound-isolating enclosure has three sequential steps:
5.4.1 Determine the sound pressure levels that exist at specific locations prior to the introduction of the enclosure,
Note 1: In the case of new construction, the sound pressure level is often estimated from the sound power levels of noise-emitting equipment and a general description of the acoustical properties of the environment.
5.4.2 Determine the maximum permissible sound pressure levels that must exist at the same locations after the introduction of the enclosure, and
5.4.3 Determine the required enclosure level reduction. The required isolation is related to the difference between the sound pressure levels before and after the introduction of the enclosure.
5.5 Many specifications are for multiple enclosures or enclosures with multiple functions, or both. It is beyond the scope of this guide to provide detailed guidance for every possible combination. Separate specifications for each source-enclosure-receiver combination should be used in such a case.
5.6 The type of specification that should be selected depends both on the purpose of the enclosure and how crucial its performance is. In general:
5.6.1 If exceeding a particular maximum permissible sound pressure level spectrum would render the enclosure unsuccessf...
SCOPE
1.1 The guide covers the development of criteria for the acoustical performance of a broad variety of acoustical enclosures by identifying information necessary to unambiguously describe acoustical performance. This guide is not a standard ASTM specification for a sound-isolating enclosure.
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this guide are technical considerations for enclosure design that do not pertain directly to acoustical performance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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