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ASTM D6179-97(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining the ability of filled tall or top heavy cases or crates to resist tipping over.
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Note 1—Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.
Note 2—Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D 6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D 880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D 4003 and Test Method D 5277. Test Methods D 4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D 1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.
1.2.2 Practice D 4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1997
ICS
55.180.99 - Other standards related to freight distribution of goods
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6179-97 - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997
Replaced By
ASTM D6179-07 - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7386-16 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997
Referred By
ASTM D5331-03(2016) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads Secured with Stretch Wrap Films
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997
Referred By
ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997
Referred By
ASTM D5276-19 - Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997
Referred By
ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997
Referred By
ASTM D6537-00(2021) - Standard Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing For Determination of Package Performance
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997

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ASTM D6179-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesASTM D6179-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
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ASTM D6179-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D6179–97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping
1
Cases and Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.2.2 Practice D 4169 provides a series of options for
selecting and running performance tests on all types of
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertestingtheintegrityofunitized
shipping containers and systems.
loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads.
information only.
These test methods are applicable to common means of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
material handling as follows:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
withstand rough handling impacts and provide information
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test
Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining the ability
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of filled tall or top heavy cases or crates to resist tipping over.
D 880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability
tainers and Systems
of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability
ments
of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to
D 1185 Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures
the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping
NOTE 1—Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768.
D 4003 Test Methods of Controlled Horizontal Impact Test
ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.
for Shipping Containers
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to
tainers and Systems
withstand the effects of rolling.
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
NOTE 2—Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876.
D 5276 Test Method for DropTest of Loaded Containers by
ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.
Free Fall
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:
D 5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizon-
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized
tal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test
D 5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Con-
Method D 6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical
tainers by Shock Machines
handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include
D 6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
incline impact tests, described in Test Method D 880 and
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D 4003 and
2.2 ISO Standards:
Test Method D 5277. Test Methods D 4003 includes a special
ISO 2876 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport
pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D 1185 provides test
methods for pallets and related structures.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
the ASTM website.
Containers and Systems–Application of Performance Test Methods .
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published March 1998.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the lat
...

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4.1 Numerous sources provide detailed information as to the loading, blocking, bracing, and unloading of specific types of cargo in unimodal and intermodal transport. Some of these sources are proprietary, others are massive and complex in scope, and none are consistently promulgated to shippers, carriers, and consignees. Many of the losses experienced by cargo in transport are due to the failure to practice proper basic cargo handling and loading techniques. These practices are intended to outline those techniques in simple, clear, generic, and easy to promulgate formats, including posters, slides, videotapes, and pamphlets, and are further intended to serve as the basis upon which a comprehensive cargo handling methodology may be built.  
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4.1 These test methods are designed for use in most cases with the actual equipment to be used in load handling.  
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Standard Guide for Conducting Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Tests on United Nations (UN) IBC Design Types

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging or IBC designs before being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures for conducting performance tests and, because of this, may result in a non-uniform approach and differences in test results between testing facilities.  
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4.3 Intermediate bulk container designs are required to be tested in a sequence. This guide focuses on conducting the hydrostatic pressure test, which is preceded in the test sequence by the leakproofness test. The fittings and adaptors applied to the container for the hydrostatic pressure test may also be used for the leakproofness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing hydrostatic pressure testing on Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) designs as required by the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).  
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1.5 This guide provides information for recommended equipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.  
1.6 This guide is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR 178.814.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Packaged products transported by meansn of the feeder aircraft network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5 791 m [19 000 ft].4 When exposed to these high altitude conditions, products or packaging systems, or a combination thereof, may be affected negatively by the resultant pressure differential.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressure differential when packaged products are transported by meansn of certain modes of transport, such as feeder aircraft or ground over high mountain passes. The results of these tests are intended to be used for qualitative purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6179-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the shipping container or the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.2 Damage to products or packages observed during testing can be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.  
4.3 The results received from shock machine testing and free fall drop testing are different for certain products. Where this test is performed to satisfy a regulatory or contractual requirement, its use is subject to approval by the agency concerned.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.  
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when tilted to a predetermined angle.  
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Note 1: Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.  
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.
Note 2: Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.  
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:  
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off