ASTM D2924-01(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for External Pressure Resistance of "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
Standard Test Method for External Pressure Resistance of "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The values obtained by this test method are applicable only to conditions that specifically duplicate the procedures used.
After a scaling constant is determined for one diameter, this may be used for calculating the external failure pressures of other diameters as long as the resin and reinforcement (if used), the wall thickness-to-diameter ratio, and the reinforcement pattern (if reinforcement is used) are the same.
Note 3—Based upon tests conducted on one size of pipe, a scaling constant is calculated according to 12.1 or 12.2. The appropriate constant is used to calculate failure pressure for other pipe diameters, but it can only be applied if the same resin and reinforcement are used, the wall thickness to diameter ratios are similar, and the reinforcement pattern is constant.
In the application of the following test requirements and recommendations, care must be exercised to ensure that the specimens tested are truly representative of the group being studied.
FIG. 1 Apparatus Showing Specimen Loading with Both Hoop and Axial Loads
FIG. 2 Apparatus Showing Specimen Loading with Hoop Load Only
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the resistance of fiberglass pipe to external pressure. It classifies failures as buckling, compressive, and leaking. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced plastic mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
Note 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of he safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2924 − 01(Reapproved2006) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
External Pressure Resistance of “Fiberglass”
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aggregate, n—a siliceous sand conforming to the
1.1 This test method covers determination of the resistance
requirements of Specification C33, except that the require-
of fiberglass pipe to external pressure. It classifies failures as
ments for gradation shall not apply.
buckling, compressive, and leaking. Both glass-fiber-
3.2.2 buckling failure pressure— the external gage pressure
reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-
at which buckling occurs. Buckling is characterized by a sharp
reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
discontinuity in the pressure-volume change graph and subse-
NOTE 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include
quent fracture in the test specimen appearing as an axially
natural polymers.
oriented crack. Buckling is an elastic instability type of failure
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and is normally associated with thin-wall pipe.
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
3.2.3 compressive failure pressure—the maximum external
tion only.
gage pressure that the specimen will resist without transmis-
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
sion of the testing fluid through the wall. Compressive failure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the pressurewillnotbeassociatedwithasharpdiscontinuityinthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressure-volume change graph nor lead to a fracture appearing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- as a sharp axially oriented crack. It will appear as a fracture
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which is the result of reaching the compressive strength limits
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. of the material and is normally associated with thick-wall pipe.
Failure is usually identified by a sudden drop in pressure.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
thermosetting resin; the composite structure may contain
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
aggregate, granular, or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
pigments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
coatings may be included.
tics
3.2.5 leaking pressure—the external gage pressure at which
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
the test fluid is transmitted through the pipe wall. It is
characterized in this test by continuous volume change indica-
3. Terminology
tions with no pressure increase.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.6 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP), n—a fiber-
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883
glass pipe with aggregate.
or F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise indicated. 3.2.7 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), n—afi-
berglass pipe without aggregate.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics,
4. Summary of Test Method
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Plastic
Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
4.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen to
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
failure in a short time interval by means of continuously
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2924 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/D2924-01R06.
increasing external fluid pressure at a controlled constant
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
temperature. Fluid is also maintained inside the pipe, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
changes in the inside volume are monitored with a bleed hole
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and fluid level tube. On Cartesian coordinates, pressure versus
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2924 − 01(2006)
change in volume is plotted and the failure pressure selected as
indicated by the graph. Scaling constants are presented for
extending the results to other diameters.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The values obtained by this test method are applicable
only to conditions that specifically duplicate the procedures
used.
5.2 After a scaling constant is determined for one diameter,
this may be used for calculating the external failure pressures
of other diameters as long as the resin and reinforcement (if
used), the wall thickness-to-diameter ratio, and the reinforce-
ment pattern (if reinforcement is used) are the same.
NOTE 3—Based upon tests conducted on one size of pipe, a scaling
constant is calculated according to 11.1 or 11.2. The appropriate constant
is used to calculate failure pressure for other pipe diameters, but it can
only be applied if the same resin and reinforcement are used, the wall
thickness to diameter ratios are similar, and the reinforcement pattern is
constant.
5.3 In the application of the following test requirements and
recommendations, care must be exercised to ensure that the
specimens tested are truly representative of the group being
studied.
6. Apparatus (see Figs. 1 and 2)
6.1 Test Chamber—An external chamber capable of with-
standing pressures to be encountered. It may be either the type
FIG. 2 Apparatus Showing Specimen Loading with Hoop Load
Only
that applies both hoop and axial loads as shown in Fig. 1 or the
type that applies hoop load only as shown in Fig. 2. In either
event, the report shall state which type loading was used for
test.
6.2 Volume or Weight Change Indicator—The specimen
shall be instrumented to measure changes in volume or weight.
One of the following two devices shall be used.
6.2.1 Transparent Tube—connected to the test specimen so
that the volume changes of the specimen result in changes in
the level of fluid in the tube.Ascale shall be affixed to the tube
so variations in fluid level can be recorded.Absolute measure-
ment of volume change is not required.
6.2.2 Scale—A balance accurate to within 60.1 g.
6.3 Pressurizing System—A device capable of exerting ex-
ternal fluid pressure to the specimen at a specified constant
rate. A Bourdon-tube pressure gage or recording gage with an
accuracy of6 1 % of full scale should be used, and the
anticipated failure pressure should be in the middle two thirds
of the gage range. Care should be exercised so the gage is
placed where it will give a true reading of the external pressure
on the test specimen.
6.4 Test Fluid—Water or hydraulic oil.
6.5 Timer—Any time-measuring device that can measure
FIG. 1 Apparatus Showing Specimen Loading with Both Hoop
and Axial Loads the duration of test with accuracy of 1 s.
D2924 − 01(2006)
6.6 Temperature Regulator—When temperatures other than with a reduction in the pressurizing rates constitutes failure.
ambient are being studied, a temperature-regulating system Continue the test until the specimen fractures, if possible.
will be employed that will maintain the temperature of the
9.4 After the specimen has failed, remove it from the
testing fluid and specimen at a specified amount 62°C.
external pressure chamber and observe and record appearance.
9.5 Make a graph showing external pressure versus volume
7. Tes
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