ASTM E754-80(2014)e1

Standard Test Method for Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in Masonry Mortar Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a simple inexpensive means of generating conservative, comparative data on pullout strengths of various ties and anchors used with different types of masonry units and mortars. This test method is recommended for such use until economical, improved methods can be developed to simulate service conditions more inclusively.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist extraction from a masonry mortar joint.  
1.2 Two laboratory testing procedures are provided for use with test specimens which consist of a masonry tie or anchor embedded in mortar between twin stack-bonded masonry units.  
1.2.1 Procedure A—For use with small (brick-size) masonry units.  
1.2.2 Procedure B—For use with large (block-size) masonry units.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2014
• ICS: 91.060.01 - Elements of buildings in general
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.13 - Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E754 − 80 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in
Masonry Mortar Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E754; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units statement was inserted in Section 1.3 editorially in October 2014.
INTRODUCTION
The attachment of masonry walls to building exteriors has been based largely on experience and
professional judgment. Codes and standards requirements relating to the attachment of masonry
veneer and nonload-bearing masonry walls generally specify the size and spacing of the fasteners to
be provided (ties or anchors) rather than the forces to be resisted. In addition, there are very limited
data available on the structural performance of most types of fasteners currently used in masonry
construction.
This test method is recommended for determining conservative ultimate pullout values of masonry
fasteners under conditions that approach those usually found in the upper courses of masonry wall
construction, which experience little or practically no vertical load restraint. Its use is recommended
until more comprehensive methods are developed which can evaluate, economically, the capacity of
masonry ties and anchors to resist pullout loads, giving due consideration to service parameters such
as expanse of surrounding wall area and in-plane dead loads.
1. Scope health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining
the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist
2. Referenced Documents
extraction from a masonry mortar joint.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Two laboratory testing procedures are provided for use
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
with test specimens which consist of a masonry tie or anchor
Structural Clay Tile
embeddedinmortarbetweentwinstack-bondedmasonryunits.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
1.2.1 Procedure A—For use with small (brick-size) masonry
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
units.
Specimens)
1.2.2 Procedure B—For use with large (block-size) masonry
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-
units.
crete Masonry Units and Related Units
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
C144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
and are not considered standard.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety E171/E171M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible
Barrier Packaging
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
semblies
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13
on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E754 – 80 (2006). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E0754-80R14E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E754 − 80 (2014)
3. Terminology 6.2 Procedure B (Using Block-Size Masonry Units)—
Apparatus for this procedure is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Its
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
special purpose is to avoid handling an unwieldy specimen in
method, refer to Terminology E6.
apparatus such as that used in ProcedureAby applying pullout
loads to the specimen placed on a convenient work surface.
4. Summary of Test Method
The apparatus shall be of sufficient strength and stiffness to
4.1 These procedures provide for a static pullout test of a tie
minimize bending deformations that would tend to promote a
or anchor embedded in a hardened mortar joint between two
flexural bond failure of the mortar joint; and it shall have the
masonry units.
capacity to develop the pullout failure load of the fastener
without yielding.
5. Significance and Use
6.3 For both Procedures A and B, the apparatus is made
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a simple
from common rolled metal sections and other stock items. The
inexpensive means of generating conservative, comparative
knockdown jig used for pulling the end of the fastener
data on pullout strengths of various ties and anchors used with
protruding from the masonry also serves as a reusable mold for
different types of masonry units and mortars. This test method
casting a gypsum head on that end of the fastener.The mold/jig
is recommended for such use until economical, improved
is reassembled around the gypsum pulling head when testing.
methods can be developed to simulate service conditions more
6.4 Instrumentation—Displacement of the fastener relative
inclusively.
to the masonry shall be measured by a dial gage or by an
6. Apparatus electronic displacement transducer (for example, a linear
variable differential transformer (LVDT). The instrument used
6.1 Procedure A (Using Brick-Size Masonry Units):
shall be capable of reading 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and be
6.1.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirements
accurate to 1 %.
of Practices E4.
6.1.2 AuxiliarypullingapparatusisshowninFig.1andFig.
7. Test Specimen
2. These fixtures are provided with swivel joints and roller
bearings to eliminate lateral restraint and bending when apply- 7.1 Sampling of Fasteners (Masonry Ties or Anchors)—Test
ing the pullout loads. The apparatus shall be designed to have at least five specimens of a given type of fastener for each
enoughstrengthandstiffnesstopreventitsyielding(inorderto given combination of masonry constituent materials. More
minimize apparatus deformation) and to maintain uniform specimens may be needed depending on the variability of the
distribution of the axially applied test loads until failure of the masonry constituents. If necessary, determine suitable statisti-
specimen occurs. cal parameters to evaluate the composite variability and to
FIG. 1 Procedure A Apparatus and Setup
´1
E754 − 80 (2014)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Procedure A Apparatus and Setup
select the number of specimens needed for obtaining a given mortar joint ⁄8 in. (10 mm) thick. Embed the fastener as
minimum precision in determining the capacity of the fastener. required for its proper use at the midlength of the masonry
units. (Unless otherwise specified, use a full bed of mortar on
7.2 Sampling and Testing of Masonry Units—Select repre-
solid masonry units (without furrowing the mortar bed), and
sentative masonry units and test according to applicable
fullybedthefaceshellsofhollowunits.)Strikethemortarjoint
standardtestmethods(TestMethodsC67andC140/C140M)to
flush with the faces of the masonry units without tooling. Mark
determine basic properties.
the lower masonry unit for future reference (8.4.2).
7.3 Sampling and Testing of Mortar—Use mortar that is
7.5 Curing and Handling:
representative of that specified for the intended construction;
7.5.1 Cure all pullout specimens and corresponding mortar
or, for comparative research data, select one of the types of
cube specimens for 28 days. Unless other conditions are
mortar specified in Specification C270. Determine the com-
specified, cure and test all specimens in laboratory air main-
pressive strength of the mortar in accordance withTest Method
tained at 73°F (23°C) and 50 % relative humidity as provided
C109/C109M except that the sand shall conform to Specifica-
by Practice E171/E171M.
tion C144.Allow the mortar to cure undisturbed for 24 h in the
7.5.2 To prevent accidental failure of mortar bond in the
molds. Release the cubes and store them in the same atmo-
joints, do not disturb the pullout specimens for at least 14 days.
sphere as the pullout test specimens, as specified in 7.5.
After that time they may be handled with care in order to
Determine and record the 28-day compressive strength of the
complete capping operations before testing at a specimen age
mortar (at least three cubes for each set of five pullout
of 28 days.
specimens), and the sieve analysis of the sand used.
7.4 Fabrication—Construct at least five specimens for a
8. Procedure
given combination of variables. Make each specimen a single-
wythe (one-tier), stack-bonded, two-unit pri
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E754 − 80 (Reapproved 2006) E754 − 80 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in
Masonry Mortar Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E754; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units statement was inserted in Section 1.3 editorially in October 2014.
INTRODUCTION
The attachment of masonry walls to building exteriors has been based largely on experience and
professional judgment. Codes and standards requirements relating to the attachment of masonry
veneer and nonload-bearing masonry walls generally specify the size and spacing of the fasteners to
be provided (ties or anchors) rather than the forces to be resisted. In addition, there are very limited
data available on the structural performance of most types of fasteners currently used in masonry
construction.
This test method is recommended for determining conservative ultimate pullout values of masonry
fasteners under conditions that approach those usually found in the upper courses of masonry wall
construction, which experience little or practically no vertical load restraint. Its use is recommended
until more comprehensive methods are developed which can evaluate, economically, the capacity of
masonry ties and anchors to resist pullout loads, giving due consideration to service parameters such
as expanse of surrounding wall area and in-plane dead loads.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist extraction
from a masonry mortar joint.
1.2 Two laboratory testing procedures are provided for use with test specimens which consist of a masonry tie or anchor
embedded in mortar between twin stack-bonded masonry units.
1.2.1 Procedure A—For use with small (brick-size) masonry units.
1.2.2 Procedure B—For use with large (block-size) masonry units.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C140C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13 on Structural
Performance of Connections in Building Construction.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2006October 2014. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
E754 – 80 (2000).(2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0754-80R06.10.1520/E0754-80R14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E754 − 80 (2014)
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E171E171/E171M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and Assemblies
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E6.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 These procedures provide for a static pullout test of a tie or anchor embedded in a hardened mortar joint between two
masonry units.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a simple inexpensive means of generating conservative, comparative data on pullout
strengths of various ties and anchors used with different types of masonry units and mortars. This test method is recommended
for such use until economical, improved methods can be developed to simulate service conditions more inclusively.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Procedure A (Using Brick-Size Masonry Units):
6.1.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirements of Practices E4.
6.1.2 Auxiliary pulling apparatus is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. These fixtures are provided with swivel joints and roller bearings
to eliminate lateral restraint and bending when applying the pullout loads. The apparatus shall be designed to have enough strength
and stiffness to prevent its yielding (in order to minimize apparatus deformation) and to maintain uniform distribution of the axially
applied test loads until failure of the specimen occurs.
6.2 Procedure B (Using Block-Size Masonry Units)—Apparatus for this procedure is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Its special
purpose is to avoid handling an unwieldy specimen in apparatus such as that used in Procedure A by applying pullout loads to the
specimen placed on a convenient work surface. The apparatus shall be of sufficient strength and stiffness to minimize bending
deformations that would tend to promote a flexural bond failure of the mortar joint; and it shall have the capacity to develop the
pullout failure load of the fastener without yielding.
FIG. 1 Procedure A Apparatus and Setup
´1
E754 − 80 (2014)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Procedure A Apparatus and Setup
6.3 For both Procedures A and B, the apparatus is made from common rolled metal sections and other stock items. The
knockdown jig used for pulling the end of the fastener protruding from the masonry also serves as a reusable mold for casting a
gypsum head on that end of the fastener. The mold/jig is reassembled around the gypsum pulling head when testing.
6.4 Instrumentation—Displacement of the fastener relative to the masonry shall be measured by a dial gage or by an electronic
displacement transducer (for example, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The instrument used shall be capable of
reading 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and be accurate to 1 %.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Sampling of Fasteners (Masonry Ties or Anchors)—Test at least five specimens of a given type of fastener for each given
combination of masonry constituent materials. More specimens may be needed depending on the variability of the masonry
constituents. If necessary, determine suitable statistical parameters to evaluate the composite variability and to select the number
of specimens needed for obtaining a given minimum precision in determining the capacity of the fastener.
7.2 Sampling and Testing of Masonry Units—Select representative masonry units and test according to applicable standard test
methods (Methods (Test Methods C67 and C140C140/C140M) to determine basic properties.
7.3 Sampling and Testing of Mortar—Use mortar that is representative of that specified for the intended construction; or, for
comparative research data, select one of the types of mortar specified in Specification C270. Determine the compressive strength
of the mortar in accordance with Test Method C109/C109M except that the sand shall conform to Specification C144. Allow the
mortar to cure undisturbed for 24 h in the molds. Release the cubes and store them in the same atmosphere as the pullout test
specimens, as specified in 7.5. Determine and record the 28-day compressive strength of the mortar (at least three cubes for each
set of five pullout specimens), and the sieve analysis of the sand used.
7.4 Fabrication—Construct at least five specimens for a given combination of variables. Make each specimen a single-wythe
(one-tier), stack-bonded, two-unit prism containing one tie or anchor. Unless otherwise specified, make the single mortar joint ⁄8
´1
E754 − 80 (2014)
FIG. 3 Procedure B Apparatus and Setup
in. (10 mm) thick. Embed the fastener as required for its proper use at the midlength of the masonry units. (Unless otherwise
specified, use a full bed of mortar on solid masonry units (without furrowing the mortar bed), and fully bed the face shells of hollow
units.) Strike the mortar joint flush with the faces of the masonry units without tooling. Mark the lower masonry unit for future
reference (8.4.2).
7.5 Curing and Handling:
7.5.1 Cure all pullout specimens and corresponding mortar cube specimens for 28 days. Unless other conditions are specified,
cure and test all specimens in
...