ASTM E2251-14

Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids

ABSTRACT
This specification covers liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids. The gas filling above the liquid shall be nitrogen or other suitable inert gas. The filling gas shall be chosen to have very low solubility in the thermometric fluid. The stem shall be made of suitable thermometer tubing and shall have a plain front and enamel back. The bulb shall be made of glass and the following distances between graduations and the bulb, and between graduations and enlargements in the capillary, are minimum limits acceptable. All graduation lines, figures, and letters shall be clearly defined, suitably colored, and permanent. The width and the sharpness of the graduation lines shall be designed in accordance with necessary space between the graduations and the desired accuracy of interpolation. The middle of the graduation line shall be accurately determinable. In addition, the graduation lines shall be straight, of uniform width, and perpendicular to the axis of the thermometer. On partial immersion thermometers an immersion line shall be permanently marked on the front of the thermometer at the distance above the bottom of the bulb as specified. The immersion inscription shall be written in capital letters and abbreviated. The terminal number shall be in full when there are one or more numbered graduations between it and the next full number. The special inscription specified shall be marked on the thermometer in capital letters and Arabic numbers without the use of periods.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids defined in this standard.  
1.2 This standard specifies liquid-in-glass thermometers graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are frequently identified and used in methods under the jurisdiction of the various technical committees within ASTM. The current approved thermometers are listed in Table 1.  
1.3 The technical requirements for the thermometric liquids used in the thermometers in Table 1 are specified in Annex A1. Tests for conformity to the technical requirements are also found in Annex A1.
Note 1: It has been found by experience that ASTM Thermometers, although developed in general for specific tests, may also be found suitable for other applications, thus precluding the need for new thermometer specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is suggested that technical committees contact E20.05 before choosing a currently designated thermometer for a new method to be sure the thermometer will be suitable for the intended application.  
1.4 For full rationale, see Appendix X1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2014
• ICS: 17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
• Technical Committee: E20 - Temperature Measurement
• Drafting Committee: E20.05 - Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2251 −14
Standard Specification for
Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
1
Precision Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
1.1 Thepurposeofthisstandardistospecifyliquid-in-glass
E563Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids
as a Reference Temperature
defined in this standard.
1.2 This standard specifies liquid-in-glass thermometers
3. Terminology
graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are
3.1 Definitions—ThedefinitionsgiveninTerminologyE344
frequentlyidentifiedandusedinmethodsunderthejurisdiction
apply.
of the various technical committees withinASTM.The current
approved thermometers are listed in Table 1.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bulb length, n—the distance from the bottom of the
1.3 The technical requirements for the thermometric liquids
bulb to the junction of the bulb and the stem tubing.
usedinthethermometersinTable1arespecifiedinAnnexA1.
Tests for conformity to the technical requirements are also
3.2.2 contraction chamber, n—an enlargement of the
found in Annex A1.
capillary, located below the main scale or between the main
NOTE 1—It has been found by experience that ASTM Thermometers,
scale and the auxiliary scale, that serves to reduce the scale
although developed in general for specific tests, may also be found
lengthortopreventcontractionofalltheliquidcolumnintothe
suitableforotherapplications,thusprecludingtheneedfornewthermom-
bulb.
eter specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is
suggested that technical committees contact E20.05 before choosing a
3.2.3 diameter, n—thelargestoutsidedimensionoftheglass
currently designated thermometer for a new method to be sure the
tubing as measured with a ring gage.
thermometer will be suitable for the intended application.
3.2.4 expansion chamber, n—an enlargement at the top of
1.4 For full rationale, see Appendix X1.
the capillary to provide protection against breakage caused by
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
excessive gas pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 faden thermometer, n—a thermometer with a long,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thin bulb used to determine emergent stem temperatures.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
3.2.6 interval error, n—thedeviationofthenominalvalueof
a temperature interval from its true value; either for the total
2. Referenced Documents
range(totalinterval)orforapartoftherange(partialinterval).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7 low-hazard liquid, n—a liquid that is biodegradable,
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
non-hazardousandconsiderednon-toxicinthermometerquan-
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
tities.
mometers
NOTE 2—It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to determine the
suitability of a liquid for this standard. In marking the thermometer with
theASTMdesignationthemanufacturerisconfirmingthattheliquidinthe
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on thermometerisnon-hazardousasdefinedbycurrentOSHA(Occupational
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
Safety and Health Administration) standards and non-toxic in thermom-
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
eter quantities per current definitions of the United States Environmental
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
Protection Agency.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2251–11. DOI:
3.2.8 thermometric liquid, n—the liquid in a liquid-in-glass
10.1520/E2251-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or thermometer that indicates the value of temperature.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.9 top of the thermometer, n—the top of the finished
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. instrument.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2251−14
operations, or graduations so close to the top of the thermometer that
3.2.10 total length, n—overall length of the finished instru
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2251 − 11 E2251 − 14
Standard Specification for
Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
1
Precision Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids
defined in this standard.
1.2 This standard specifies liquid-in-glass thermometers graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are frequently
identified and used in methods under the jurisdiction of the various technical committees within ASTM. The current approved
thermometers are listed in Table 1.
1.3 The technical requirements for the thermometric liquids used in the thermometers in Table 1 are specified in Annex A1.
Tests for conformity to the technical requirements are also found in Annex A1.
NOTE 1—It has been found by experience that ASTM Thermometers, although developed in general for specific tests, may also be found suitable for
other applications, thus precluding the need for new thermometer specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is suggested that technical
committees contact E20.05 before choosing a currently designated thermometer for a new method to be sure the thermometer will be suitable for the
intended application.
1.4 For full rationale, see Appendix X1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E344 apply.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bulb length, n—the distance from the bottom of the bulb to the junction of the bulb and the stem tubing.
3.2.2 contraction chamber, n—an enlargement of the capillary, located below the main scale or between the main scale and the
auxiliary scale, that serves to reduce the scale length or to prevent contraction of all the liquid column into the bulb.
3.2.3 diameter, n—the largest outside dimension of the glass tubing as measured with a ring gage.
3.2.4 expansion chamber, n—an enlargement at the top of the capillary to provide protection against breakage caused by
excessive gas pressure.
3.2.5 faden thermometer, n—a thermometer with a long, thin bulb used to determine emergent stem temperatures.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 on
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011May 1, 2014. Published October 2011September 2014. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20072011
as E2251–10.–11. DOI: 10.1520/E2251-11.10.1520/E2251-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2251 − 14
3.2.6 interval error, n—the deviation of the nominal value of a temperature interval from its true value; either for the total range
(total interval) or for a part of the range (partial interval).
3.2.7 low-hazard liquid, n—a liquid that is biodegradable, non-hazardous and considered non-toxic in thermometer quantities.
NOTE 2—It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to determine the suitability of a liquid for this standard. In marking the thermometer with the ASTM
designation the manufacturer is confirming that the liquid in the thermometer is non-hazardous as defined by current OSHA (Occupational Safety and
Health Administration)
...