ASTM D6528-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Direct Simple Shear Testing of Cohesive Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Direct Simple Shear Testing of Cohesive Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The shear strength of a specimen depends on the soil type, normal consolidation stress, time of consolidation, rate of strain, and prior stress history of the soil.
In this test, the shear strength is measured under constant volume conditions that are equivalent to undrained conditions for a saturated specimen; hence, the test is applicable to field conditions wherein soils have fully consolidated under one set of stresses, and then are subjected to changes in stress without time for further drainage to take place.
The constant volume (undrained) strength is a function of stress conditions. In this test method, the strength is measured under plane strain conditions and the principle stresses continuously rotate due to the application of shear stress. This simple shear stress condition occurs in many field situations including zones below a long embankment and around axially loaded piles.
The state of stress within the simple shear specimen is not sufficiently defined nor uniform enough to allow rigorous interpretation of the results. Expressing the data in terms of the shear stress and normal effective stress on the horizontal plane is useful for engineering purposes, but should not be confused with the effective stress parameters derived from other shear tests having better defined states of stress.
The values of the secant shear modulus can be used to estimate the initial settlements of embankments built on saturated cohesive soils due to undrained shear deformations.
The data from the consolidation portion of this test are comparable to results obtained using Test Method D 2435 provided that the more rigorous consolidation procedure of Test Method D 2435 is followed.
5.6.1 The axial displacements measured from Test Method D 2435 are somewhat smaller than for the simple shear test because the specimen’lateral confinement is less rigid and the top platen is unable to rotate.
5.6.2 The estimated preconsolidation pressure is comparable provided the spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines equipment specifications and testing procedures for the measurement of constant volume strength and stress-strain characteristics of cohesive soils after one-dimensional consolidation using a constant rate of simple shear deformation mode of loading. The constant volume condition is equivalent to the undrained condition for saturated specimens.
1.2 This test method is written specifically for devices that test rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical specimens. Other more general devices, such as the torsional shear hollow cylinder, may be used to perform consolidated constant volume simple shear tests but are beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 This test method is applicable to testing intact, laboratory reconstituted, and compacted soils, however, it does not include specific guidance for reconstituting or compacting test specimens.
1.4 It shall be the responsibility of the agency requesting this test to specify the magnitude of the normal consolidation stress prior to constant volume shear and, when appropriate, the maximum normal consolidation stress, which will result in an overconsolidated specimen.
1.5 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this test method to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design....
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Designation: D6528 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Consolidated Undrained Direct Simple Shear Testing of
1
Cohesive Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6528; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this test method to consider significant digits used in
analysis methods for engineering design.
1.1 This test method defines equipment specifications and
1.5.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or
testing procedures for the measurement of constant volume
better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be
strength and stress-strain characteristics of cohesive soils after
regarded a nonconformance with this standard.
one-dimensional consolidation using a constant rate of simple
shear deformation mode of loading. The constant volume 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
condition is equivalent to the undrained condition for saturated standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be
specimens. regarded as conformance with this test method.
1.6.1 In the engineering profession it is customary practice
1.2 This test method is written specifically for devices that
touse,interchangeably,unitsrepresentingbothmassandforce,
test rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical specimens. Other
unless dynamic calculations (F=Ma) are involved.This implic-
more general devices, such as the torsional shear hollow
itly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the
cylinder,maybeusedtoperformconsolidatedconstantvolume
absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically
simple shear tests but are beyond the scope of this test method.
undesirable to combine two separate systems within a single
1.3 This test method is applicable to testing intact, labora-
standard. This test method has been written using SI units;
tory reconstituted, and compacted soils, however, it does not
however, inch-pound conversions are given in the gravimetric
include specific guidance for reconstituting or compacting test
system, where the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force
specimens.
(weight). The use of balances or scales recording pounds of
3
1.4 It shall be the responsibility of the agency requesting mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lb/ft should not be
regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
this test to specify the magnitude of the normal consolidation
stress prior to constant volume shear and, when appropriate,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the maximum normal consolidation stress, which will result in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
an overconsolidated specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.5 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded as the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
Fluids
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
ations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to
Water Pycnometer
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
Geotechnical Purposes
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
Compressibility of Soils.
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6528 – 00. DOI:
10.1520/D6528-07. D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6528–00 Designation:D6528–07
Standard Test Method for
Consolidated Undrained Direct Simple Shear Testing of
1
Cohesive Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6528; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method defines equipment specifications and testing procedures for the measurement of constant volume strength
and stress-strain characteristics of cohesive soils after one-dimensional consolidation using a constant rate of simple shear
deformation mode of loading. The constant volume condition is equivalent to the undrained condition for saturated specimens.
1.2 This test method is written specifically for devices that test rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical specimens. Other more
general devices, such as the torsional shear hollow cylinder, may be used to perform consolidated constant volume simple shear
tests but are beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 This test method is applicable to testing both undisturbed intact, laboratory reconstituted, and compacted soils, however, it
does not include specific guidance for reconstituting or compacting test specimens.
1.4 It shall be the responsibility of the agency requesting this test to specify the magnitude of the normal consolidation stress
prior to constant volume shear and, when appropriate, the maximum normal consolidation stress, which will result in an
overconsolidated specimen.
1.5The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be regarded
as conformance with this test method.
1.5.1Intheengineeringprofessionitiscustomarypracticetouse,interchangeably,unitsrepresentingbothmassandforce,unless
dynamic calculations (F=Ma) are involved.This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and
the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine two separate systems within a single standard. This test method
has been written using SI units; however, inch-pound conversions are given in the gravimetric system, where the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight). The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in
lb/ft
1.5 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D 6026.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded as the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures
used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s
objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations. It is beyond the scope of this test method to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering
design.
1.5.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be regarded a
nonconformance with this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be regarded
as conformance with this test method.
1.6.1 In the engineering profession it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force,
unless dynamic calculations (F=Ma) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute
system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine two separate systems within a single standard. This
testmethodhasbeenwrittenusingSIunits;however,inch-poundconversionsaregiveninthegravimetricsystem,wherethepound
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density
3
in lb/ft should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Structural Properties
of Soils.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published May 2000.
1
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