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ASTM F2251-03(2008)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material

Standard Test Method for Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for measuring a thickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness can be critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process, product, and material performance.
This test method does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measurement is shown in the Precision and Bias section. Attention should be given to the inherent variability of materials being measured as this can affect measurement outcome.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness of flexible packaging materials using contact micrometers.
1.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test method was developed using both handheld and bench top micrometers with foot sizes ranging from 4.8 to 15.9 mm (3/16to 5/8 in.).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2008
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.20 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2251-03e1 - Standard Test Method for Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Replaced By
ASTM F2251-13 - Standard Test Method for Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material
Effective Date
01-Aug-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3300-23 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Flexible Packaging Films Using a Reciprocating Weighted Stylus
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1306-21 - Standard Test Method for Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films and Laminates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM F99-21 - Standard Guide for Writing a Specification for Flexible Barrier Rollstock Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008

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ASTM F2251-03(2008) - Standard Test Method for Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2251 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
spection by Variables
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofthicknessof
flexible packaging materials using contact micrometers.
3. Terminology
1.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test method
3.1 Definitions:
wasdevelopedusingbothhandheldandbenchtopmicrometers
3.1.1 bench micrometer—tabletop measurement system us-
3 5
with foot sizes ranging from 4.8 to 15.9 mm ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.).
ing a dead weight or spring.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 foot—the moving component of the micrometer that
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
comes in contact with the sample.
only.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness can
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
product, and material performance.
4.2 This test method does not address acceptability criteria.
2. Referenced Documents
These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measure-
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
ment is shown in the Precision and Bias section. Attention
lation
should be given to the inherent variability of materials being
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
measured as this can affect measurement outcome.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing 5. Apparatus
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
5.1 Mechanical gage, suitable for measuring thickness:
Plastics Specimens
5.1.1 Thethicknessgagemaybeeitherabenchorhand-held
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mechanical model.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.1.2 Thegageshouldbecapableofaccuratelymeasuringin
2.2 ANSI/ASQ Standards:
increments of 2.5 µm (0.0001 in.).
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
5.1.3 The foot size and foot pressure should be known and
spection by Attributes
identified. Because of the compressibility of different materials
it is important when comparing results between different
laboratories that the size of the foot and pressure be the same.
5.1.4 It is recommended that a calibration be performed on
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on
the apparatus used and certified to a recognized industry
Physical Properties.
standard such as National Institute of Standards and Technol-
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
´1 ogy (NIST).
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2251 – 03 . DOI:
10.1520/F2251-03R08.
NOTE 1—Test Methods D5947 and D374 give guidance on methods for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
checking calibration and parallelism.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6. Sampling
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to be
www.astm.org.
predictive of performance. Caution should be taken when
Available fromAmerican National Standards Instititute (ANSI) 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. eliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2251 − 03 (2008)
6.2 See Practice D1898 or ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 or Z1.9, or seven laboratories measuring eight specimens. Ten different
both, for guidance on sampling plans and practices. pieces of equipment were used to collect information. Equip-
ment used and foot sizes are listed in Table 1. Measurements
7. Conditioning
taken included use of micrometers in 0.0001 in. divisions.
Statistical summaries of repeatability (within a laboratory) and
7.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the material
under evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate, reproducibility(betweenlaboratories)arelistedinTables2and
3. All test results are expressed in SI units of measure.
normal, and desirable, then condition the test specimens at 23
6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not
10.2 Concept of “r” and “R”in Tables 2 and 3—If S and S
r R
less than 24 h prior to test.
have been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for
7.2 See Practice D4332 for guidance on conditioning prac- test results that are averages from three tests on one specimen
tices. for each test result, then the following applies:
10.3 Repeatability “r” is the interval representing the criti-
8. Procedure
cal difference between two test results for the same material,
8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-
obtainedbythesameoperatorusingthesameequipmentonthe
dures.Specifyunitofmeasuretobeusedanddirectionsrel
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.2.1 Technique A: Unsuppor...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the strength of seals in flexible barrier materials.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of extractives from flexible barrier materials may serve many useful purposes. A test cell constructed as described in this practice may be used for obtaining such data. Another test cell has been found equivalent to the one described in this practice. See the appendix for the source of the alternate cell.  
5.2 United States Federal Regulations 21CFR 176.170 (d)(3), 21CFR 177.1330 (e)(4), 21CFR 177.1360 (b), 21CFR 177.1670 (b), and 21CFR Appendix VI (b) cite this standard practice as the basis for determining the amount of extractables from the surface of a package or multilayer film or modified paper in contact with food. In some cases, it is the only practice defined for this purpose. No alternative detail is given in the regulations for conducting extractions.  
5.3 Test Method D4754 is not an equivalent to this test method. It is for two-sided extraction of films having the same material on both of the exposed surfaces of the film.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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5.1 This test method is intended to measure volatile organic compounds that are emitted from packaging materials under high-temperature conditions.  
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1.5 Sensitivity of this test method in the determination of the concentration of a given retained solvent must be determined on a case by case basis due to the variation in the substrate/solvent interaction between different types of samples.  
1.6 This test method does not address the determination of total retained solvents in a packaging material. Techniques such as multiple headspace extraction can be employed to this end. The analyst is referred to the manual supplied with the GC-Autosampling system for guidance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM
ASTM F119-82(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is valuable in the development and selection of flexible barrier materials suited for use as grease barriers.  
4.2 The test is rapid in comparison with other methods because of the extremely small quantity of oil required for detection (about 6 μg). The actual time to failure is a multiple of the values obtained by this test method. When permeation is through an absorbent structure such as kraft paper coated with polyethylene, the failure times will be longer and variable, depending on the variation in porosity and thickness of the structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides standard conditions for determining the rate of grease penetration of flexible barrier materials. Pinholes, which can be measured by a separate test, will increase the rate of grease penetration as determined by this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
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