ASTM D7741/D7741M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt-Rubber or Other Asphalt Binders by Using a Rotational Handheld Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt-Rubber or Other Asphalt Binders by Using a Rotational Handheld Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test is primarily used for field production control of asphalt-rubber (A-R) and other high-viscosity binders; however, the test can also be used in a laboratory setting.
3.2 A handheld rotational viscometer is used to measure the apparent viscosity of a completed blend of A-R or high-viscosity binder. A rotor (spindle), turning at constant speed, is inserted in the liquid binder to be measured. The resistance to movement of the spindle (torque) caused by the viscosity of the surrounding liquid is measured using a special mechanism to obtain direct readings in Pa·s or cP.
Note 1: Spindle is generally made of stainless steel, although another metal such as brass could be used.
3.3 The measured apparent viscosity is used to control the production of the A-R or other high-viscosity binder, to assess the uniformity of the binder produced, or for other related purposes.
3.4 As the spindle turns in the A-R or other high-viscosity binder, it has a tendency to “drill” into the sample (that is, for A-R, the spindle spins the rubber particles out of the measurement area). Consequently, the apparent viscosity drops to reflect only the liquid phase of the high-viscosity binder. Therefore, the peak viscosity measurement value is recorded to reflect the viscosity of the blended material.
SCOPE
1.1 The use of high-viscosity asphalt binders like asphalt-rubber is becoming more common in the United States and worldwide. Specifications such as Specification D6114/D6114M note the need for field control of the apparent viscosity and require the use of a field production rotational viscometer. The testing of asphalt-rubber binder for use in asphalt-rubber hot mix and for asphalt-rubber membrane is necessary to ensure consistent mix properties that will ensure good performance of these materials. Logistics of field applications limits the use of conventional laboratory controls and testing equipment. This test, using a handheld rotational viscometer, can be conducted in either the field or laboratory to determine the apparent viscosity of asphalt-rubber and other high-viscosity binders for field production control and to assess the uniformity of the binder produced, or for other related purposes.
1.2 Asphalt-rubber binder consists of a blend of paving grade asphalt cement and crumb rubber as described in Specification D6114/D6114M. Other high-viscosity asphalt binders may consist of asphalts modified with polymer or fiber, or both. Testing is performed following the specified reaction time, if any, within the production process. Control of the raw materials is separate from the test.
1.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7741/D7741M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt-Rubber or
Other Asphalt Binders by Using a Rotational Handheld
1
Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7741/D7741M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 The use of high-viscosity asphalt binders like asphalt-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rubber is becoming more common in the United States and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
worldwide. Specifications such as Specification D6114/
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6114M note the need for field control of the apparent
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
viscosity and require the use of a field production rotational
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
viscometer. The testing of asphalt-rubber binder for use in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
asphalt-rubber hot mix and for asphalt-rubber membrane is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
necessary to ensure consistent mix properties that will ensure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
good performance of these materials. Logistics of field appli-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
cations limits the use of conventional laboratory controls and
testing equipment. This test, using a handheld rotational
2. Referenced Documents
viscometer, can be conducted in either the field or laboratory to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
determine the apparent viscosity of asphalt-rubber and other
D6114/D6114M Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
high-viscosity binders for field production control and to assess
the uniformity of the binder produced, or for other related
3. Significance and Use
purposes.
3.1 This test is primarily used for field production control of
1.2 Asphalt-rubber binder consists of a blend of paving
asphalt-rubber (A-R) and other high-viscosity binders;
grade asphalt cement and crumb rubber as described in
however, the test can also be used in a laboratory setting.
Specification D6114/D6114M. Other high-viscosity asphalt
binders may consist of asphalts modified with polymer or fiber, 3.2 A handheld rotational viscometer is used to measure the
apparent viscosity of a completed blend of A-R or high-
or both. Testing is performed following the specified reaction
time, if any, within the production process. Control of the raw viscosity binder. A rotor (spindle), turning at constant speed, is
inserted in the liquid binder to be measured. The resistance to
materials is separate from the test.
movement of the spindle (torque) caused by the viscosity of the
1.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
surrounding liquid is measured using a special mechanism to
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
obtain direct readings in Pa·s or cP.
system may not be exact equivalents; each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two NOTE 1—Spindle is generally made of stainless steel, although another
metal such as brass could be used.
systems may result in noncompliance with the standard.
3.3 The measured apparent viscosity is used to control the
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
production of the A-R or other high-viscosity binder, to assess
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
the uniformity of the binder produced, or for other related
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
purposes.
as requirements of the standard.
3.4 As the spindle turns in the A-R or other high-viscosity
binder, it has a tendency to “drill” into the sample (that is, for
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
2
Rheological Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7741/D7741M – 18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7741/D7741M − 18 D7741/D7741M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt-Rubber or
Other Asphalt Binders by Using a Rotational Handheld
1
Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7741/D7741M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The use of high-viscosity asphalt binders like asphalt-rubber is becoming more common in the United States and worldwide.
Specifications such as Specification D6114D6114/D6114M note the need for field control of the apparent viscosity and require the
use of a field production rotational viscometer. The testing of asphalt-rubber binder for use in asphalt-rubber hot mix and for
asphalt-rubber membrane is necessary to ensure consistent mix properties that will ensure good performance of these materials.
Logistics of field applications limits the use of conventional laboratory controls and testing equipment. This test, using a handheld
rotational viscometer, can be conducted in either the field or laboratory to determine the apparent viscosity of asphalt-rubber and
other high-viscosity binders for field production control and to assess the uniformity of the binder produced, or for other related
purposes.
1.2 Asphalt-rubber binder consists of a blend of paving grade asphalt cement and crumb rubber as described in Specification
D6114D6114/D6114M. Other high-viscosity asphalt binders may consist of asphalts modified with polymer or fiber, or both.
Testing is performed following the specified reaction time, if any, within the production process. Control of the raw materials is
separate from the test.
1.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in noncompliance with the standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on Rheological
Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2023. Published June 2018December 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
D7741/D7741M – 11 (2017).D7741/D7741M – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D7741_D7741M-18.10.1520/D7741_D7741M-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7741/D7741M − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6114D6114/D6114M Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test is primarily used for field production control of asphalt-rubber (A-R) and other high-viscosity binders; however, the
test can also be used in a laboratory setting.
3.2 A handheld rotational viscometer is used to measure the apparent viscosity of a completed blend of A-R or high-viscosity
binder. A rotor (spindle), turning at constant speed, is inserted in the liquid binder to be measured. The resistance to movement
of the spindle (torque) caused by the viscosity of the surrounding liquid is measured using a special mechanism to obtain direct
readings in Pa·s or cP.
NOTE 1—Spindle is generally made of stainless steel, although another metal such as brass could be used.
3.3 The measured apparent viscosity is used to control the production of the A-R or other hig
...
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