ASTM D4740-95(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mmss) at 100oC.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D 4740 – 95 (Reapproved 2000) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method describes separate procedures for 4.1 Cleanliness Procedure—A drop of the preheated and
determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the com- thoroughly mixed sample is put on a test paper and placed in
patibility of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is an oven at 100°C. After 1 h, the test paper is removed from the
applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 oven and the resultant spot is examined for evidence of
cSt = 1 mm s) at 100°C. suspended solids and rated for cleanliness using the D 4740
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Adjunct Reference Spots.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for 4.2 Compatibility Procedure—A blend composed of equal
information only. volumes of the sample fuel oil and the blend stock is tested in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the the same way as described in 4.1 and rated for compatibility
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the against D 4740 Adjunct Reference Spots.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 The two procedures in this test method are used alone or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in
2. Referenced Documents
excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge
2.1 ASTM Standards: formation, or similar operating problems.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and 5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel
Petroleum Products oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating
Petroleum Products problems.
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers 5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: cleanliness procedure, suspended solids may precipitate when
Reference Spot Sheet (D 4740) the fuel is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such
incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or
3. Terminology
higher in the compatibility procedure.
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Apparatus
3.1.1 blend stock, n—a finished residual fuel oil or fuel oil
component, including petroleum streams ranging from kero- 6.1 Test Paper—Chromatographic paper cut or divided into
sine to residuals and asphalt. appropriately sized squares, strips, or circles. Store the paper,
3.1.2 compatibility, n— of residual fuel, the absence of without folding, rolling, or bending, in a tightly closed con-
suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend tainer.
stock are mixed together. 6.2 Test Paper Support—Fig. 1 shows a suitable support for
3.1.3 cleanliness, n— of residual fuel, the absence of multiple samples spotted on the same test paper which shall be
suspended solids in a finished sample. supported in a horizontal position so nothing touches test areas
of the paper.
6.3 Oven—Any convection oven capable of maintaining an
air temperature of 100 6 2 degrees celsius.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6.4 Reference Spot Sheet—Adjunct for D 4740.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.5 Conical Flask, 100-mL capacity.
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
6.6 Heating Bath or Hot Plate, capable of heating sample to
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Originally
published as D 4740 – 92. Last previous edition D 4740 – 94.
a temperature between 90 and 95°C.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD4740.
Whatman paper No. 2 has been found satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4740
8.7 Dry the test paper in the oven maintained at 1006 2°C
for 1 h. The test paper must be kept level and supported in such
a manner to prevent the spotted portion from coming into
contact with any surface.
8.8 After 1 h, remove the test paper from the oven. Refer to
the reference spot adjunct and to the reference spot descriptions
given in Table 1. Compare the spot with the standard spots on
the adjunct and record the spot number having the closest
resemblance. If the sample spot is rated between two consecu-
tive spots on the adjunct, record the larger number.
NOTE 2—Ignore differences in overall darkness, color, size, and appear-
ance of the outer edges.
9. Compatibility Procedure
9.1 Pour 30 mL of test sample i
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