ASTM D999-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses when subjected to vibration present in all transportation vehicles. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in shipping may require subjecting the container(s) and contents to vibration inputs.
Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and may lead to package or product failure. Identification of critical frequencies, and the nature of package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these occurrences.
Vibration tests should be based on representative field data. When possible, the confidence level may be improved by comparing laboratory test results with actual field shipment data. It is highly recommended that one understand the most common failures to one’s products and packaging in distribution, and then attempt to replicate those failures in the laboratory. Once such replication is established, then that test can become the minimum necessary test for future packaged products to pass.
Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container, its interior packaging, means of closure, and contents. These tests allow analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modification to one or more of these components may be utilized to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.
Methods A1 and A2, Repetitive Shock Tests, are suitable for tests of individual containers that are transported unrestrained on the bed of a vehicle and may be suitable for tests of containers that might be subjected to repetitive shocks due to magnification of vibrations in unit loads or stacks.
Note 1—Methods A1 and A2 produce different vibration motions, and therefore, will generate different forces which may result in different damage modes and intensities. Results from these two methods may not correlate with one another.
Method B, Single Container Resonance Test, tests or determines the ability of an individual container and its interior packaging to protect the ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover vibration tests of filled shipping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container, with its interior packing and means of closure, both in terms of its strength and of the protection it provides its contents when it is subjected to vibration such as it experiences in transportation. These procedures are suitable for testing containers of any form, material, kind, design of interior packing, means of closure, and any size and weight. They are not intended for determining the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, nor are they intended for tests of products in their operational configuration as other more suitable procedures are available for these purposes. ,
1.2 The following methods appear:
Method A1—Repetitive Shock Test (Vertical Motion).
Method A2—Repetitive Shock Test (Rotary Motion).
Method B—Single Container Resonance Test.
Method C—Palletized Load, Unitized Load, or Vertical
Stack Resonance Test.
1.3 For testing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) containing liquid hazardous materials, refer to Test Method D 7387.
1.4 These test methods fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318 and ISO 2247. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D999 − 08
StandardTest Methods for
1
Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D999; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover vibration tests of filled ship-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the perfor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mance of a container, with its interior packing and means of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
closure, both in terms of its strength and of the protection it
tionary statements are given in Section 6.
provides its contents when it is subjected to vibration such as
it experiences in transportation. These procedures are suitable
2. Referenced Documents
for testing containers of any form, material, kind, design of
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interior packing, means of closure, and any size and weight.
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
Theyarenotintendedfordeterminingtheresponseofproducts
ments
to vibration for product design purposes, nor are they intended
D3580Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion)
for tests of products in their operational configuration as other
2,3
Test of Products
more suitable procedures are available for these purposes.
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
1.2 The following methods appear:
tainers and Systems
Method A1—Repetitive Shock Test (Vertical Motion).
D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Method A2—Repetitive Shock Test (Rotary Motion).
Packaging Components for Testing
Method B—Single Container Resonance Test.
D7387Test Method for Vibration Testing of Intermediate
Method C—Palletized Load, Unitized Load, or Vertical
Bulk Containers (IBCs) Used for Shipping Liquid Haz-
Stack Resonance Test.
ardous Materials (Dangerous Goods)
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
1.3 For testing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) con-
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
taining liquid hazardous materials, refer to Test Method
Lot or Process
D7387.
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.4 These test methods fulfill the requirements of Interna-
ISO 2247 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport
tional Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318
5
Packages—Vibration Test at Fixed Low Frequency
and ISO 2247. The ISO standards may not meet the require-
ISO 8318 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport
ments for these methods.
5
Packages—Vibration Tests Using a Variable Frequency
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3. Terminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1 Definitions:
and are not considered standard.
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthesetestmethods,see
Terminology D996.
3.1.2 double amplitude, n—the maximum value of a sinu-
soidal quantity (peak-to-peak).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
3.1.3 octave, n—the interval between two frequencies hav-
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
ing a ratio of two (2).
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D999–07. DOI:
10.1520/D0999-08.
2 4
Military Standard Environmental Test Methods, MIL-STD-810F, Method514, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Vibration, available from www.dodssp.daps.mil/dodssp.htm. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
International Electrotechnical Commission Recommendation, Publication 68- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2-6, Part 2, Test F: Vibration, Basic Environmental Testing Procedures for the ASTM website.
5
Electronic Components and Electrical Equipment, available from American Na- Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
tional Standards Institute, Inc., 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D999 − 08
3.1.4 power spectra
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D999–07 Designation:D999–08
Standard Test Methods for
1
Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D999; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover vibration tests of filled shipping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of
acontainer,withitsinteriorpackingandmeansofclosure,bothintermsofitsstrengthandoftheprotectionitprovidesitscontents
when it is subjected to vibration such as it experiences in transportation. These procedures are suitable for testing containers of
any form, material, kind, design of interior packing, means of closure, and any size and weight. They are not intended for
determining the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, nor are they intended for tests of products in their
2 ,3
operational configuration as other more suitable procedures are available for these purposes.
1.2 The following methods appear:
Method A1—Repetitive Shock Test (Vertical Motion).
Method A2—Repetitive Shock Test (Rotary Motion).
Method B—Single Container Resonance Test.
Method C—Palletized Load, Unitized Load, or Vertical
Stack Resonance Test.
1.3These test methods fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318
1.3 For testing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) containing liquid hazardous materials, refer to Test Method D7387.
1.4 These test methods fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318 and ISO
2247. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.
1.4 The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D3580 Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion) Test of Products
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
D7387 Test Method for Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) Used for Shipping Liquid Hazardous
Materials (Dangerous Goods)
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, theAverage for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
2.2 ISO Standards:
5
ISO 2247 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport Packages—Vibration Test at Fixed Low Frequency
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.22onPhysicalTestMethods
.
Current edition approved Oct.Aug. 1, 2007.2008. Published October 2007.August 2008. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D999–017.
2
Military Standard Environmental Test Methods, MIL-STD-810F, Method514, Vibration, available from www.dodssp.daps.mil/dodssp.htm.
3
International Electrotechnical Commission Recommendation, Publication 68-2-6, Part 2, Test F: Vibration, Basic Environmental Testing Procedures for Electronic
Components and Electrical Equipment, available from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D999–08
5
ISO 8318 Pa
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.