ASTM C1601-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetration and leakage of a masonry system.
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this method have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry wall surfaces.
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials, workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding performance.
4.5 It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be developed and maintained on the wall surface during testing. In some cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the application of a coating, or other factors, a sheet of water will not consistently form. In those cases, results of this test method will likely be inaccurate.
4.6 This test method is similar to but distinct from the laboratory Test Method E514. This field test method is designed to test in-situ walls. E514 laboratory test method is designed to test laboratory wall specimens. This te...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and tested within the requirements of this standard.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as the laboratory standard Test Method E514.
1.3 This test method evaluates the surface water penetration, which is not the same as through-wall water penetration evaluated by Test Method E514.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1601 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 surface water penetration, n—water that passes
through the exterior face of the masonry.
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water
penetrationofamasonrywallsurfaceunderspecificwaterflow
3.1.3 through-wall water penetration, n—surface water that
rate and air pressure conditions.This test is intended for use on
penetrates through a wall and exits the interior face of the
any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented
masonry.
and tested within the requirements of this standard.
3.1.4 water penetration, n—water that passes into or
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are
through the masonry.
not the same as the laboratory standard Test Method E514.
3.1.5 wind-driven rain, n—rain water that is directed against
1.3 This test method evaluates the surface water
the surface of the wall by wind.
penetration, which is not the same as through-wall water
3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this test
penetration evaluated by Test Method E514.
method, refer to Terminology C1232.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Significance and Use
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures
and are not considered standard.
and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry
operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to
wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetra-
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
tion and leakage of a masonry system.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
masonry wall performance with respect to thermal
conductivity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of
2. Referenced Documents
embedded metal items, and water leakage.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this
E514 Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage
method have been comparison of water penetration rates of
Through Masonry
walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of
3. Terminology
coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate
the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry
3.1 Definitions:
wall surfaces.
3.1.1 dampness, n—visual change in the appearance of a
material due to the presence of water.
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience
water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials,
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types
C15.04 on Research.
accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally
deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1601 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/C1601-14.
and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. performance.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1601 − 14
4.5 It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be Position the water spray pipe within the chamber so that the
developedandmaintainedonthewallsurfaceduringtesting.In water impinges the wall
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1601 − 11 C1601 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow
rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and
tested within the requirements of this standard.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as the laboratory standard Test Method E514.
1.3 This test method evaluates the surface water penetration, which is not the same as through-wall water penetration evaluated
by Test Method E514.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
E514 Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 dampness, n—visual change in the appearance of a material due to the presence of water.
3.1.2 surface water penetration, n—water that passes through the exterior face of the masonry.
3.1.3 through-wall water penetration, n—surface water that penetrates through a wall and exits the interior face of the masonry.
3.1.4 water penetration, n—water that passes into or through the masonry.
3.1.5 wind-driven rain, n—rain water that is directed against the surface of the wall by wind.
3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface
penetration of water at a single location on a masonry wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetration and leakage
of a masonry system.
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity,
durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 on Research.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011Feb. 1, 2014. Published January 2012February 2014. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102011
as C1601 – 10.C1601 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1601-11.10.1520/C1601-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1601 − 14
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this method
have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings. Alternative
procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry wall surfaces.
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The resistance
to water penetration is dependent on materials, workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types accommodate large
volumes of water penetration, without deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed and installed drainage systems
includi
...
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