ASTM C1601-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetration and leakage of a masonry system.
Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this method have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry wall surfaces.
The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials, workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding performance.
It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be developed and maintained on the wall surface during testing. In some cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the application of a coating, or other factors, a sheet of water will not consistently form. In those cases, results of this test method will likely be inaccurate.
This test method is similar to but distinct from the laboratory Test Method E514. This field test method is designed to test in-situ walls. E514 laboratory test method is designed to test laboratory wall specimens. This test method determines water p...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and tested within the requirements of this standard.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as the laboratory standard Test Method E514.
1.3 This test method evaluates the surface water penetration, which is not the same as through-wall water penetration evaluated by Test Method E514.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1601 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 through-wall water penetration, n—surface water that
penetrates through a wall and exits the interior face of the
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water
masonry.
penetrationofamasonrywallsurfaceunderspecificwaterflow
rate and air pressure conditions.This test is intended for use on 3.1.3 water penetration, n—water that passes into or
through the masonry.
any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented
and tested within the requirements of this standard.
3.1.4 wind-driven rain, n—rain water that is directed against
the surface of the wall by wind.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are
not the same as the laboratory standard Test Method E514.
3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology C1232.
1.3 This test method evaluates the surface water
penetration, which is not the same as through-wall water
4. Significance and Use
penetration evaluated by Test Method E514.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry
and are not considered standard. wall. It is not designed to determine the overall water penetra-
tion and leakage of a masonry system.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
masonry wall performance with respect to thermal
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
conductivity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
embedded metal items, and water leakage.
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ
or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this
2. Referenced Documents
method have been comparison of water penetration rates of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate
E514 Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage
the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry
Through Masonry
wall surfaces.
3. Terminology
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience
water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The
3.1 Definitions:
resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials,
3.1.1 surface water penetration, n—water that passes
workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types
through the exterior face of the masonry.
accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without
deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.04 on Research.
holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1601 – 10. DOI:
performance.
10.1520/C1601-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.5 It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
developedandmaintainedonthewallsurfaceduringtesting.In
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. some cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1601 − 11
3 1
NOTE 2—Transparent plastic sheets ⁄16 to ⁄4 inch (5 to 6 mm) thick
application of a coating, or other factors, a sh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1601–10 Designation:C1601–11
Standard Test Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow
rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and
tested within the requirements of this standard.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not directly comparable withthe same as the laboratory standard Test
Method E514.
1.3Surface penetration, as determined by this test method, is defined as the amount of water passing through the wall surface
exposed to testing per unit time per unit area. This property is not directly comparable to overall water penetration and leakage,
which are typically defined as the amount of water travelling completely through a masonry system.
1.3 This test method evaluates the surface water penetration, which is not the same as through-wall water penetration evaluated
by Test Method E514.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
E514 Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 surface water penetration, n—water that passes through the exterior face of the masonry.
3.1.2 through-wall water penetration, n—surface water that penetrates through a wall and exits the interior face of the masonry.
3.1.3 water penetration, n—water that passes into or through the masonry.
3.1.4 wind-driven rain, n—rain water that is directed against the surface of the wall by wind.
3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface
penetrationofwateratasinglelocationonamasonrywall.Itisnotdesignedtodeterminetheoverallwaterpenetrationandleakage
of a masonry system.
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity,
durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
4.3 This test may be used to evaluate masonry walls in-situ or for field mock-up testing. Common applications of this method
have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings.Alternative
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC15onManufacturedMasonryUnitsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC15.04onResearch.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1601–09. DOI: 10.1520/C1601-10.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1601 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/C1601-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1601–11
procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penet
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.