ASTM D6131-17

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Relative Tint Undertone of Titanium Dioxide Pigments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method allows the user to make a determination of the blueness or yellowness of the tint undertone of titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment agreed upon by the parties to the test. This is an important measure of tone, since it gives both a measure of effective particle size, and quick approximation of the blue/yellow undertone that can be expected when a coating containing the titanium dioxide is tinted.  
5.2 Such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions and the mechanical method of preparing the dispersion are left to the user. However, variation in these practices will lead to increased variance in the results, so users ought to fix these parameters, in-so-far as is possible, within any one laboratory. This will lead to reduced uncertainty of the results within that laboratory, and it is seldom that interlaboratory comparisons of this test result is needed.  
5.3 Each user must decide whether the loss of accuracy in his measurements due to variation of these parameters is negligibly small for the purpose for which the data are obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments. This relates to the effective particle size of the pigment  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6131 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Relative Tint Undertone of Titanium Dioxide
1
Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
Geometry
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the
tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments.
3. Terminology
This relates to the effective particle size of the pigment
3.1 Any special terms used in this test method can be found
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in Terminology D16.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4. Summary of Test Method
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are dispersed in a liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the medium of the user’s choice by a dispersion method applicable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to the user’s intended end use. Test and reference pigments are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- treated identically. The resultant white paints or colorants are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. drawn down on white and black cards and read instrumentally.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- These readings are then used to calculate the yellowness index.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 This test method allows the user to make a determina-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tion of the blueness or yellowness of the tint undertone of
titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment agreed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
upon by the parties to the test. This is an important measure of
2. Referenced Documents
tone, since it gives both a measure of effective particle size, and
2
quick approximation of the blue/yellow undertone that can be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
expected when a coating containing the titanium dioxide is
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and
tinted.
Applications
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
5.2 Such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions
the CIE System
and the mechanical method of preparing the dispersion are left
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-
to the user. However, variation in these practices will lead to
Color Evaluation
increased variance in the results, so users ought to fix these
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
parameters, in-so-far as is possible, within any one laboratory.
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
This will lead to reduced uncertainty of the results within that
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
laboratory, and it is seldom that interlaboratory comparisons of
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
this test result is needed.
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
5.3 Each user must decide whether the loss of accuracy in
his measurements due to variation of these parameters is
1 negligibly small for the purpose for which the data are
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
obtained.
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally 6. Apparatus
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6131 – 97 (2012).
6.1 Balance, electronic scale with readability of 0.01 g and
DOI: 10.1520/D6131-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or resolution of 0.02 g.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Drawdown Cards, black and white sealed drawdown
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. charts.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6131 − 17
6.3 Drawdown Bars, capable of applying a coating typically 100 ~1.0313 X 2 1.1498 Z!
YI5 (1)
15.25 cm wide. The applicators must be capable of applying Y
200 microns wet film or other wet film thickness as appropri-
where X, Y, and Z are
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6131 − 97 (Reapproved 2012) D6131 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Relative Tint Undertone of Titanium Dioxide
1
Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments. This
relates to the effective particle size of the pigment. It is based upon tinting with a black iron oxide, but other blacks may be used
if found suitable.pigment
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D2745E308 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Reflectance MeasurementsPractice for Computing
the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E313E1164 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesOb-
taining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Any special terms used in this test method can be found in Terminology D16.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are dispersed in a black paste with a mechanical muller. liquid medium of the user’s choice by
a dispersion method applicable to the user’s intended end use. Test and reference pigments are treated identically. The resultant
grey pastes are applied to glass cover slips and white paints or colorants are drawn down on white and black cards and read
instrumentally. These readings are then used to calculate the yellowness index.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method allows the user to make a quick determination of the blueness or yellowness of the tint undertone of
titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment agreed upon by the parties to the test. This is an important measure of tone,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2017. Published July 2012December 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20042012 as
D6131 – 97 (2004).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6131-97R12.10.1520/D6131-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6131 − 17
since it gives both a measure of effective particle size, and quick approximation of the blue/yellow undertone that can be expected
when a coating containing the titanium dioxide is tinted.
5.2 Such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions, and the black for tinting have been suggested. However, changes
in the components may be made by agreement between the buyer and the seller.dispersions and the mechanical method of
preparing the dispersion are left to the user. However,
...