ASTM E1604-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology
Standard Guide for Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Protection of a species requires the prevention of detrimental effects of chemicals on the survival, growth, reproduction, and health of that species. Behavioral toxicity provides information concerning sublethal effects of chemicals and signals the presence of toxic test substances.
5.1.1 The behavioral responses of all organisms are adaptive and essential to survival. Major changes in the behavioral responses of fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates may result in a diminished ability to survive, grow, or reproduce and cause significant changes in the natural population (8).
5.2 The results from behavioral toxicity tests may be useful for measuring injury in the assessment of damages resulting from the release of hazardous materials (9) .
5.3 Behavioral toxicity test methods may be useful for long-term monitoring of effluents (10) .
5.4 The results from behavioral toxicity data can be used to predict the effects of exposure on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates likely to occur in field situations as a result of exposure under similar conditions, including the avoidance of exposure by motile organisms (11).
5.5 The results from behavioral toxicity tests might be an important consideration for assessing the hazard of materials to aquatic organisms. Such results might also be used when deriving water quality criteria for fish and aquatic invertebrate organisms.
5.6 The results from behavioral toxicity tests can be used to compare the sensitivities of different species, relative toxicity of different chemical substances on the same organism, or effect of various environmental variables on the toxicity of a chemical substance.
5.7 The results from behavioral toxicity tests can be used to predict the effects of long-term exposure.
5.8 The results of behavioral toxicity tests can be useful for guiding decisions regarding the extent of remedial action needed for contaminated aquatic and terrestrial sites.
5.9 The behavioral charac...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers some general information on the selection and application of behavioral methods useful for determining the sublethal effects of chemicals to fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates.
1.2 Behavioral toxicity occurs when chemical or other stressful conditions, such as changes in water quality or temperature, induce a behavioral change that exceeds the normal range of variability (1).2 Behavior includes all observable, recordable, or measurable activities of a living organism and reflects genetic, neurobiological, physiological, and environmental determinants (2).
1.3 Behavioral methods can be used in biomonitoring, the determination of no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect concentrations, and the prediction of hazardous chemical impacts on natural populations (3).
1.4 Behavioral methods can be applied to fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates in standard laboratory toxicity tests, tests of effluents, and sediment toxicity tests.
1.5 The various behavioral methods included in this guide are categorized with respect to seven interdependent, functional responses that fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates must perform in order to survive. These functional responses include respiration, locomotion, habitat selection, feeding, predator avoidance, competition, and reproduction (4). These responses can be documented visually or through video or acoustic imagery. Electronically recorded information can be derived through manual techniques or through the use of digital image analysis software (5, 6, 7).
1.5.1 The functional responses are not necessarily mutually exclusive categories. For instance, locomotion, of some form of movement, is important to all behavioral functions.
1.6 Additional behavioral methods for any category may be added when new tests are developed as well as when methods are adapted to different species or different life stages of an organism.
1.7 This gui...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1604 − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 Additional behavioral methods for any category may be
added when new tests are developed as well as when methods
1.1 This guide covers some general information on the
are adapted to different species or different life stages of an
selection and application of behavioral methods useful for
organism.
determining the sublethal effects of chemicals to fish,
1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:
amphibians, and macroinvertebrates.
Section Number
1.2 Behavioral toxicity occurs when chemical or other
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
stressful conditions, such as changes in water quality or
Terminology 3
temperature, induce a behavioral change that exceeds the
Summary of Guide 4
2
normal range of variability (1). Behavior includes all Significance and Use 5
Interferences 6
observable, recordable, or measurable activities of a living
Test Facility 7
organism and reflects genetic, neurobiological, physiological,
Water Supply 8
Safety Precautions 9
and environmental determinants (2).
Test Material 10
Test Organisms 11
1.3 Behavioral methods can be used in biomonitoring, the
Responses Measured 12
determination of no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-
Behavioral Test Method Selection Criteria 13
effectconcentrations,andthepredictionofhazardouschemical Experimental Design 14
Acceptability of Test 15
impacts on natural populations (3).
Calculation of Test Results 16
Report 17
1.4 Behavioral methods can be applied to fish, amphibians,
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and macroinvertebrates in standard laboratory toxicity tests,
standard. For an explanation of units and symbols, refer to
tests of effluents, and sediment toxicity tests.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.5 The various behavioral methods included in this guide
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
are categorized with respect to seven interdependent, func-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tional responses that fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
must perform in order to survive. These functional responses
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
include respiration, locomotion, habitat selection, feeding,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
predator avoidance, competition, and reproduction (4). These
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
responses can be documented visually or through video or
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
acoustic imagery. Electronically recorded information can be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
derivedthroughmanualtechniquesorthroughtheuseofdigital
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
image analysis software (5, 6, 7).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.5.1 The functional responses are not necessarily mutually
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
exclusive categories. For instance, locomotion, of some form
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of movement, is important to all behavioral functions.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveActionand is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally
3
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1604-12. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E1604-20. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1604 − 20
Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib- stancesinwater,efflu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1604 − 12 E1604 − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers some general information on the selection and application of behavioral methods useful for determining the
sublethal effects of chemicals to fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates.
1.2 Behavioral toxicity occurs when chemical or other stressful conditions, such as changes in water quality or temperature, induce
2
a behavioral change that exceeds the normal range of variability (1). Behavior includes all observable, recordable, or measurable
activities of a living organism and reflects genetic, neurobiological, physiological, and environmental determinants (2).
1.3 Behavioral methods can be used in biomonitoring, the determination of no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect
concentrations, and the prediction of hazardous chemical impacts on natural populations (3).
1.4 Behavioral methods can be applied to fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates in standard laboratory toxicity tests, tests of
effluents, and sediment toxicity tests.
1.5 The various behavioral methods included in this guide are categorized with respect to seven interdependent, functional
responses that fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates must perform in order to survive. These functional responses include
respiration, locomotion, habitat selection, feeding, predator avoidance, competition, and reproduction (4). These responses can be
documented visually or through video or acoustic imagery. Electronically recorded information can be derived through manual
techniques or through the use of digital image analysis software.software (5, 6, 7)).
1.5.1 The functional responses are not necessarily mutually exclusive categories. For instance, locomotion, of some form of
movement, is important to all behavioral functions.
1.6 Additional behavioral methods for any category may be added when new tests are developed as well as when methods are
adapted to different species or different life stages of an organism.
1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section Number
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Actionand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2020. Published February 2013January 2021. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
E1604-04(2007).E1604-12. DOI: 10.1520/E1604-12.10.1520/E1604-20.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1604 − 20
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Interferences 6
Test Facility 7
Water Supply 8
Safety Precautions 9
Test Material 10
Test Organisms 11
Responses Measured 12
Behavioral Test Method Selection Criteria 13
Experimental Design 14
Acceptability of Test 15
Calculation of Test Results 16
Report 17
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. For an explanation of units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM
SI 10.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
E943 Terminology Relating to Bi
...
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