ASTM D5602-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens
Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the maximum static puncture load that roofing membrane samples can withstand without allowing the passage of water.
1.2 This laboratory test is conducted at any desired temperature using sheet membrane samples manufactured in a factory or prepared in a laboratory.
1.3 Roof membrane specimens to which the test method is applicable include bituminous built up, polymer-modified bitumens, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric, and thermoplastic materials.
1.4 This test method is not applicable to aggregate-surfaced membrane specimens, but it is applicable to specimens having factory-applied granules.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5602 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the maximum 4.1 Set on a thermal insulation substrate, the roofing mem-
static puncture load that roofing membrane samples can brane test specimen is subjected for 24 h to a predetermined
withstand without allowing the passage of water. static puncture force using a ball bearing having a 10-mm
1.2 Thislaboratorytestisconductedatanydesiredtempera- (0.39-in.) diameter.
ture using sheet membrane samples manufactured in a factory 4.2 The loads are increased in 10-N (2.2-lbf) increments
or prepared in a laboratory. until puncture of the membrane specimen occurs or the
1.3 Roof membrane specimens to which the test method is maximum load of the test apparatus which is at least 250 N (56
applicable include bituminous built up, polymer-modified bi- lbf) is reached.
tumens, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric, and 4.3 Puncture of the test specimen is assessed by visual
thermoplastic materials. examination and verified by conducting a watertightness test.
1.4 This test method is not applicable to aggregate-surfaced
5. Significance and Use
membrane specimens, but it is applicable to specimens having
factory-applied granules. 5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of many
membrane roofing systems is their ability to resist static
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information puncture loads. This test method provides a means for assess-
ing static puncture resistance.
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.2 This test method can be used to compare the puncture
resistance of a single type of membrane as a function of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
variety of insulation substrates or, conversely, to compare the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- resistance of a number of membrane specimens set on a single
type of insulation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 The effect of temperature on puncture resistance can be
2. Referenced Documents
studied by conducting the test under controlled conditions
2.1 ASTM Standards: using such equipment as an environmental chamber, oven, or
C 578 Specification for Preformed Cellular Polystyrene freezer.
Thermal Insulation 5.4 This test method can be useful for developing perfor-
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing, mance criteria for membrane roofing systems.
and Bituminous Materials 5.5 This test method can be useful for developing classifi-
cations of the static puncture resistance of membrane roofing
3. Terminology
systems.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test 5.6 While it is considered that the results obtained by this
method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
laboratory test can afford a measure of the static puncture
resistance of membrane roofing systems in the field provided
that service loads and temperature conditions are known, no
1 direct correlation has yet been established.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-8 on Roofing,
Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials and is the direct responsibility of
6. Apparatus
Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing Membrane Systems.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Originally
6.1 Static Puncture Device—An apparatus consisting pri-
published as D 5602–94. Last previous edition D 5602–94.
2 marily of a movable rod to which a 10-mm (0.39-in.) diameter
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04. ball bearing is attached at one end and a means for loading the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5602
specimen is attached to the other (Fig. 1). The rod shall be 7.9 in.) 65 %. Cut the test specimens and substrates to size
sufficiently rigid so that it will not flex or rotate when used using a metal template having these dimensions.
under the maximum test load. 8.2 Number of Specimens—A minimum of four test speci-
mens is necessary to conduct the test.
NOTE 1—One means for loading the specimen is to attach a platform,
8.3 Type of Membrane Specimen Substrate—The use of any
on which deadweights are placed, to the rod. Another method is to use
roof insulation as a membrane specimen substrate is allowable.
pneumatic loading whereby the ball bearing is attached to the piston rod
Unless otherwise specified, the membrane sub-strate shall be
and the load is measured by an air pressure gage that has been calibrated
against a load cell.
expanded polystyrene board conforming to Specification
C 578, Type IX, and having a thickness of 38 mm (1.5 in.)
6.1.1 The length of the rod above the specimen shall be
615 %. The sections used as the specimen substrate through-
sufficient to provide adequate space for placing the specimen
out the test shall be taken from the same manufactured lot
properly on the insulation substrate. A framework, having a
whatever insulation is used.
minimum width of 250 mm (9.8 in.), supports the rod perpen-
dicular to the surface of the test specimen. Free vertical
9. Conditioning
movement of the rod shall not be hindered by the framework.
9.1 Condition the apparatus and all specimens at the se-
Therodandframeworkshallbecapableofsupportingpuncture
lected test temperature for a minimum of 8 h prior to testing.
loads up to at least 250 N (56 lbf).
The selected temperature shall be maintained at 62°C (63°F)
throughout the test.
7. Sampling and Sample Preparation
7.1 Single-Ply Samples—Cut the test specimens directly
10. Procedure
from the sheet membrane material using the directions pro-
10.1 Loads—The load applied during testing shall be within
vided in 8.1.
61 % of that selected. The maximum load at which the test is
7.2 Multi-Ply Samples Prepared in the Laboratory:
conducted is the failure point (that is, puncture) of the
7.2.1 Conditionallcomponentsat23 6 2°C(74 6 3°F)and
specimen, except whereby highly puncture-resistant specimens
50 6 5 % relative humidity for 24 6 0.25 h prior to construct-
do not fail within the capacity of the test appa
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