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ASTM D2658-18(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard Boxes

Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dimensions are important properties in the general construction of a box, and accurate methods of measurement are required for research work, routine control, and acceptance testing for conformance to specifications. For packages to carry and protect their contents effectively and efficiently, boxes and interior components must be properly and consistently sized. Correctly dimensioned and well-made boxes can be more easily set up by hand or be erected using automatic equipment. “Square” boxes (rectangular parallelepipeds) will stack better to accept load and improve stability during storage and shipment.  
4.1.1 Interior dimensions of boxes are critical when the contents of the box are intended to fill or nearly fill the box with little unused side and head space. The inside dimension by tape method are the size values most often cited in box design (see 9.1, and TAPPI T827). The interior size of a box can be estimated from the score to score measurements when the scoring allowance is taken into account (see Appendix X2). The actual inside dimensions can be measured directly using the box gauge method (see 9.2). Either method can be used to measure interior box dimensions.  
4.1.2 Exterior dimensions may be the critical design criteria when attempting to optimize use of the shipping platform area and overall stack height based on transportation and storage limitations. Exterior dimensions are also key design elements when making common footprint boxes.5 The exterior dimensions of a box can be measured directly using the exterior dimensions by tape method (see Appendix X1).  
4.2 Measuring a Lot Quantity of Boxes—This method determines if a lot (that is, production run) is within specified tolerance for each dimension (length, width, and depth as are shown in Practice D5118/D5118M). A minimum of five specimens are measured. The test result for each dimension is the individual measurements of that dimension on all specimens (see 9.3).  
4.3 Measuring Single Bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the interior and exterior dimensions of regular slotted or special slotted styles of single-wall corrugated, double-wall corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Mar-2023
ICS
55.160 - Cases. Boxes. Crates
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.27 - Fiberboard Shipping Containers, Containerboard and Related Structures and Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2658-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard BoxesASTM D2658-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard Boxes
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ASTM D2658-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard Boxes
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2658 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard Boxes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2658; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the interior
3
2.2 ANSI Standard:
and exterior dimensions of regular slotted or special slotted
B46.1 Surface Texture Surface Roughness, Waviness and
styles of single-wall corrugated, double-wall corrugated and
Lay
solid fiberboard boxes.
4
2.3 TAPPI Standards:
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
T400 Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Paperboard, Containerboard, or Related Product
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
T827 Box Blank Dimensioning, Test Method
and are not considered standard.
5
2.4 FBA/PMMI:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Tolerances for Corrugated Regular Slotted Containers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(RSCs) Voluntary Industry Standard (See also ANSI Tech-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
nical Report PMMI B155 TR2.1 )
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
6
2.5 FBA/FEFCO:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Common Footprint Specifications
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
7
2.6 GMA/ISO:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standard Pallet Size (most common)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions—General terms in this test method are de-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fined in Terminology D996.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
3.2.1 blank, n—flat sheet of containerboard or combined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
board that has been cut, scored and slotted as preliminary
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
operations to making a box.
for Testing
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
3.2.2 caliper, n—containerboard or combined board thick-
ments
ness.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
3.2.3 depth, n—the distance between the innermost surfaces
Packaging Components for Testing
of the box measured perpendicular to the length and width.
D4727/D4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fi-
3.2.4 exterior dimensions, n—the measurement of the outer
berboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
most surfaces of the length, width and depth of a box.
D5118/D5118M Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Ship-
ping Boxes
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Available from Technological Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.27 on Fiberboard (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092,
Shipping Containers, Containerboard and Related Structures and Materials. http://www.tappi.org.
5
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally Available from the Fibre Box Association Suite 985, 500 Park Blvd, Itasca, IL
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D2658 – 2018. DOI: 60143, or PPMI 11911 Freedom Dr #600, Reston, VA 20190.
6
10.1520/D2658-18R23. Available from the FBA and FEFCO (European Federation of Corrugated
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Manufacturers) Avenue Louise 250, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
7
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from ISO Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401-1214
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland (historic document from Grocery Manufacturer’s
the ASTM website. Association).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Shipping Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves, and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
4.2 This practice covers some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents. This practice also provides references to aid in box design for performance and for testing boxes to gauge actual performance.  
4.3 Use of Other Specifications—Nothing in this practice shall be construed to prohibit the use of boxes of special design or of fiberboard packages identified by package number in the current Uniform Freight Classification and National Motor Freight Classification when in the experience and judgment of the purchaser, the nature of the articles or material to be shipped justifies such boxes or packages. Some commodities may require less protection while other commodities may require better boxes than are specified herein. Containers for explosives and dangerous articles must also comply with regulations for the Transport of Hazardous Materials (CFR Title 49).  
FIG. 1 Fiberboard Box Dimensioning  
FIG. 2 Box, Fiberboard; Detail of Manufacturer's Joint Construction for Class Weather Resistant and WWVR Boxes  
FIG. 3 Box, Fiberboard; Details of Manufacturer's Joint Types  
FIG. 4 Cover Assembly  
FIG. 5 Box, Fiberboard; SL—Sleeve  
FIG. 6 Box, Fiberboard; L—Liner  
FIG. 7 Box, Fiberboard; RSC—Regular Slotted Box (0201)  
FIG. 8 Box, Fiberboard; OSC—Overlap Slotted Box (0202)  
FIG. 9 Box, Fiberboard; FOL—Full Overlap Slotted Box (0203)  
FIG. 10 Box, Fiberboard; SFF—Special Full Flap Slotted Box (0206)  
FIG. 11 Box, Fiberboard; CSSC—Center Special Slotted Box (0204) and CSOSC—Center Special Overlap Slotted Box (0205)  
FIG. 12 Box, Fiberboard; HSCC—Half Slotted Box with Cover (0200)  
FIG. 13 Box, Fiberboard; DBLCC—D...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In the distribution system, the packaged product may be stored for a period of time in a manner such that one or more containers are stacked on one another. The bottom package is thus continually subjected to a constant compression load.  
4.2 This test method subjects an empty container to a predetermined static load and to specified atmospheric conditions, if required, over a short period of time using fixed platen compression testing equipment. Deflection is measured over time.  
4.3 Deflection versus time data can be used to predict time to failure of corrugated shipping containers under constant load.
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Standard Classification for Standard Plastics Industry Bulk Box/Pallet Unit Size Classified By Bulk Density

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard classification will be used to:  
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4.1.2 Lower transport package manufacturing costs.  
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4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.  
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4.1.6 Optimize lifecycle package cost.  
4.1.7 Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.  
4.1.8 Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).  
4.1.9 Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).  
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1.6 This classification does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.  
1.7 This classification does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.  
1.8 This classification does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.  
1.9 This classification does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.  
1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.  
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Standard Practice for Selection of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials and Box Construction Based on Performance Requirements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice assists users in selecting appropriate performance characteristics of corrugated fiberboard or box construction, or both, commensurate with their user’s needs for packing and distribution of goods. This practice describes several attributes of fiberboard and boxes which relate to various hazards encountered in distribution and describes test parameters which may be specified by the user to ensure sufficient strength in the box for containment, storage, handling, transport and protection of contents.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information on corrugated fiberboard for the prospective user who wants guidance in selecting attributes of materials and box construction based on performance requirements. These attributes should be part of specifications which establish levels of the qualities a shipping container shall have achieved in order to be acceptable to the purchaser or user. The attributes and qualities should be testable, using standard methods that are recognized by both the buyer and seller. This practice will assist users in developing specifications for corrugated containers through an analysis of performance requirements and subsequent relationships to fiberboard materials and box construction attributes. This practice is meant to complement the box buyer–box manufacturer relationship by having the buyer (user) better understand, discuss, and negotiate needed elements of box design and specification. The full box design process is complex, and it is beyond the scope of this standard.  
1.2 The attributes and their levels should be based on the intended use of the box, including the handling and environment it will encounter. Many packaging rules include detailed descriptions of the materials that may be used and style, closure, or other construction details of allowed shipping containers. These rules are presented as minimum requirements; they may be exceeded for functional reasons, but there is no regulatory reason to do so. Rail and motor freight classifications applicable for surface common carrier transportation have established minimum requirements for certain attributes of corrugated packaging. These may or may not be appropriate for application in the complete distribution system, as they encompass only containerboard or combined corrugated board — not finished boxes — and are not intended to provide for the distribution and storage system beyond the transportation segment.  
1.2.1 The attribute levels contained herein are based on U.S. practice and specifications. Some attributes such as flute dimensions and basis weights may be defined differently in other countries.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for Class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.  
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types of load, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Shipping Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves, and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
4.2 This practice covers some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents. This practice also provides references to aid in box design for performance and for testing boxes to gauge actual performance.  
4.3 Use of Other Specifications—Nothing in this practice shall be construed to prohibit the use of boxes of special design or of fiberboard packages identified by package number in the current Uniform Freight Classification and National Motor Freight Classification when in the experience and judgment of the purchaser, the nature of the articles or material to be shipped justifies such boxes or packages. Some commodities may require less protection while other commodities may require better boxes than are specified herein. Containers for explosives and dangerous articles must also comply with regulations for the Transport of Hazardous Materials (CFR Title 49).  
FIG. 1 Fiberboard Box Dimensioning  
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1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of new fiberboard boxes, liners, and sleeves.  
1.2 This practice points out the factors and components that must be controlled in the manufacture of corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, liners, and sleeves.  
1.3 This practice does not directly cover the adequacy of fiberboard containers under all conditions of exposure to atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage. However, references regarding how to assess the adequacy of container under these conditions are included in the practice.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In the distribution system, the packaged product may be stored for a period of time in a manner such that one or more containers are stacked on one another. The bottom package is thus continually subjected to a constant compression load.  
4.2 This test method subjects an empty container to a predetermined static load and to specified atmospheric conditions, if required, over a short period of time using fixed platen compression testing equipment. Deflection is measured over time.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of an empty paper corrugated shipping container to a vertically applied constant compression load for a specified time. The test method may also include palletized or unitized loads made of such containers. The boxes are tested in the orientation that they are most likely to be stacked in a unitized or palletized load.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5639/D5639M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Selection of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials and Box Construction Based on Performance Requirements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice assists users in selecting appropriate performance characteristics of corrugated fiberboard or box construction, or both, commensurate with their user’s needs for packing and distribution of goods. This practice describes several attributes of fiberboard and boxes which relate to various hazards encountered in distribution and describes test parameters which may be specified by the user to ensure sufficient strength in the box for containment, storage, handling, transport and protection of contents.  
4.2 The user should specify only those attributes and related tests which are required for performance to the users satisfaction including their operations and distribution cycle(s). When using the carriers’packaging rules as the major basis for developing specifications, the reason for the rule and its function and importance should be understood. As previously stated, rules and regulations may be exceeded and should be when the minimum specifications are inadequate for the full effects of the distribution cycle, etc.. If the user decides to employ box compression strength or a rough handling performance protocol as the overriding specification, it should be noted that all minimum standards required by various organizations shall also be met or surpassed if using the related certificate. These minimum standards can be stated in the box drawing so as to ensure adherence to rules and regulations. If a Box Manufacturer’s Certificate (BMC) is printed on the box, then the ECT or Mullen Burst/Basis Weight values shall meet or exceed the minimum requirements for size and weight of the packaged product.  
4.3 See Appendix X7 for several examples of specification determinations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information on corrugated fiberboard for the prospective user who wants guidance in selecting attributes of materials and box construction based on performance requirements. These attributes should be part of specifications which establish levels of the qualities a shipping container shall have achieved in order to be acceptable to the purchaser or user. The attributes and qualities should be testable, using standard methods that are recognized by both the buyer and seller. This practice will assist users in developing specifications for corrugated containers through an analysis of performance requirements and subsequent relationships to fiberboard materials and box construction attributes. This practice is meant to complement the box buyer–box manufacturer relationship by having the buyer (user) better understand, discuss, and negotiate needed elements of box design and specification. The full box design process is complex, and it is beyond the scope of this standard.  
1.2 The attributes and their levels should be based on the intended use of the box, including the handling and environment it will encounter. Many packaging rules include detailed descriptions of the materials that may be used and style, closure, or other construction details of allowed shipping containers. These rules are presented as minimum requirements; they may be exceeded for functional reasons, but there is no regulatory reason to do so. Rail and motor freight classifications applicable for surface common carrier transportation have established minimum requirements for certain attributes of corrugated packaging. These may or may not be appropriate for application in the complete distribution system, as they encompass only containerboard or combined corrugated board — not finished boxes — and are not intended to provide for the distribution and storage system beyond the transportation segment.  
1.2.1 The attribute levels contained herein are based on U.S. practice and specifications. Some attributes such as flute dimensions and basis weights may be defined differently in other countries.  
1.3 There are four common methods used for specifying boxes.  
1.3.1 A common approach is to examine boxes cur...

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ASTM
ASTM D6881/D6881M-03(2020)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Standard Plastics Industry Bulk Box/Pallet Unit Size Classified By Bulk Density

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard classification will be used to:  
4.1.1 Standardize the package size increasing availability, versatility, and acceptability of bulk box/pallet units.  
4.1.2 Lower transport package manufacturing costs.  
4.1.3 Lower cost/lb of packaged resin because of higher net weight/package.  
4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.  
4.1.5 Support reuse of bulk boxes and pallets throughout the supply chain.  
4.1.6 Optimize lifecycle package cost.  
4.1.7 Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.  
4.1.8 Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).  
4.1.9 Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.  
4.1.10 Reduce forklift trips (carrying higher weight).  
4.1.11 Promote multi-industry usage of common footprint boxes and pallets (examples are the automotive and chemical drum industry).  
4.1.12 Guide the first-time resin packager as to a successful bulk box/pallet unit now in use in the resin industry.  
4.1.13 Optimize net product weight in truckload trailer vans and oversea containers.  
4.2 This standard classification will be used by:  
4.2.1 Resin producers/converters/compounders/customers to compare with their current practice.  
4.2.2 Bulk box manufacturers to recommend a proven cost-effective package for plastic resins in the targeted bulk density range.  
4.2.3 Pallet manufacturers as a common bulk box footprint pallet for the targeted bulk density ranges used by the plastic resin industry.  
4.2.4 Box liner manufacturers to size their liners to a specified volume dimension.  
4.2.5 Warehouses to provide space layout plans based on dimensions of the standard box/pallet unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).  
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft3 (0.432 g/cm3) or above 39lb/ft3  (0.625 g/cm3).  
1.3 This classification does not apply to bulk boxes containing hazardous materials.  
1.4 This classification does not address box/pallet unitization requirements.  
1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.  
1.6 This classification does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.  
1.7 This classification does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.  
1.8 This classification does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.  
1.9 This classification does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.  
1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This...

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