ASTM E601-07a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
Standard Test Method for Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is important because the accuracy of a temperature measurement by a thermocouple is directly related to the emf stability of the thermoelements.
This test method is used to verify that the tested thermoelements meet the intended requirements.
This test method is useful in comparing the emf stability of two base metal thermoelements under the same conditions. The test and reference emf may be measured either simultaneously or alternately.
The relative stabilities of base metal thermoelements determined by this test method are valid only under the specified test conditions. Results would be affected by changes in the following conditions: (1) temperature profile or gradient along the length of the thermoelements; (2) abundance, velocity and composition of the air surrounding the test pieces; (3) thermoelectric inhomogeneity of the test thermoelements; (4) stability of the platinum thermoelement.
The test method does not address the determination of base metal thermoelement stabilities over a series of temperature changes.
The reliability of this test method depends on the emf stability of the reference platinum thermoelement. For testing the relative emf stability of base-metal thermoelements, a reference element of platinum that has sufficient thermoelectric stability to determine any significant change in emf of base-metal thermoelements shall be used. To ascertain that the experimental method protects the platinum sufficiently from degradation, the method shall be validated by performing the procedure described in Appendix X1 prior to the actual test.
The test result does not apply to applications in which the temperature distribution, for a given measuring junction temperature, changes with time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures emf stability of base-metal thermoelement materials in air referenced to platinum at specified constant elevated temperatures using dual, simultaneous, emf indicators, or using a single emf indicator, with the test and reference emf measured alternately. This test is conducted over a period of weeks.
1.2 A calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouple is used as a reference standard to establish the test temperature.
1.3 The useful life of a thermocouple depends on the stability of the emf generated at given temperatures for a required time interval. This method provides a quantitative measure of the stability of individual thermoelements. By combining the results of the positive (P) and negative (N) thermoelements, the stability of a thermocouple comprised of both P and N thermoelements may be obtained. The emf of an individual thermoelement is measured against platinum, which may be the platinum leg of the platinum-rhodium/platinum reference thermocouple, or an additional platinum reference.
Note 1—Some thermoelements may show insignificant emf drift while undergoing relatively rapid oxidation. In these cases, failure of the thermoelement may be indicated only by a large rise in the electrical resistance between joined thermoelements, as measured at the reference junctions.
Note 2—See ASTM MNL 12 for recommended upper temperature limits in air.
Note 3—This test method is only applicable for initially new thermoelements. Base-metal thermoelements exposed to temperatures above 200 °C become thermoelectrically inhomogeneous, and stability testing of inhomogeneous thermoelements will give ambiguous results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method provides comparison of emf stability of single-element base-metal thermocouple materials in air referenced to platinum at specified constant elevated temperatures.
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Designation: E601 − 07a
StandardTest Method for
Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal
1
Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method measures emf stability of base-metal 2.1 ASTM Standards:
thermoelement materials in air referenced to platinum at E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
specified constant elevated temperatures using dual, Comparison Techniques
simultaneous, emf indicators, or using a single emf indicator, E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
with the test and reference emf measured alternately. This test (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
is conducted over a period of weeks. E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
1.2 A calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouple
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
is used as a reference standard to establish the test temperature.
as a Reference Temperature
1.3 The useful life of a thermocouple depends on the
E1159 Specification for Thermocouple Materials, Platinum-
stability of the emf generated at given temperatures for a
Rhodium Alloys, and Platinum
required time interval. This method provides a quantitative
measure of the stability of individual thermoelements. By
3. Terminology
combining the results of the positive (P) and negative (N)
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given inTerminology E344
thermoelements, the stability of a thermocouple comprised of
shall apply to this test method.
both P and N thermoelements may be obtained. The emf of an
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
individual thermoelement is measured against platinum, which
3.2.1 emf indicator, n—an instrument that measures the emf
may be the platinum leg of the platinum-rhodium/platinum
and displays the value, for example, a digital voltmeter
reference thermocouple, or an additional platinum reference.
(DVM).
NOTE 1—Some thermoelements may show insignificant emf drift while
undergoing relatively rapid oxidation. In these cases, failure of the
3.2.2 emf stability, n—change in emf (or in equivalent
thermoelement may be indicated only by a large rise in the electrical
temperature) with time, with the thermocouple junctions held
resistance between joined thermoelements, as measured at the reference
at fixed temperatures and with the thermal profile along the
junctions.
NOTE 2—See ASTM MNL 12 for recommended upper temperature
thermoelements held constant.
2
limits in air.
3.2.3 half-maximum heated length, n—the distance between
NOTE 3—This test method is only applicable for initially new thermo-
the tip of the temperature sensor and the position along the
elements. Base-metal thermoelements exposed to temperatures above 200
°C become thermoelectrically inhomogeneous, and stability testing of length of the sensor leads or sheath where the temperature
inhomogeneous thermoelements will give ambiguous results.
equals the average of the calibration-point and ambient tem-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the peratures.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 gradient zone, n—thesectionofathermocouplethatis
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
exposed during a measurement to temperatures in the range
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
from t + 0.1(t – t )to t + 0.9(t – t ), where t
amb m amb amb m amb amb
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is ambient temperature and t is the temperature of the
m
measuring junction.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
3.2.5 reference thermocouple, n—calibrated Type S or Type
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.04
R thermocouple.
on Thermocouples.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E601 – 07. DOI:
3
10.1520/E0601-07A. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement: Fourth contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Edition, Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Conshohocken, PA 19428, www.astm.org. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:E601–07 Designation: E 601 – 07a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal
1
Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in July 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures emf stability of base-metal thermoelement materials in air referenced to platinum at specified
constantelevatedtemperaturesusingdual,simultaneous,emfindicators,orusingasingleemfindicator,withthetestandreference
emf measured alternately. This test is conducted over a period of weeks.
1.2 A calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouple is used as a reference standard to establish the test temperature.
1.3 The useful life of a thermocouple depends on the stability of the emf generated at given temperatures for a required time
interval. This method provides a quantitative measure of the stability of individual thermoelements. By combining the results of
the positive (P) and negative (N) thermoelements, the stability of a thermocouple comprised of both Pand N thermoelements may
be obtained. The emf of an individual thermoelement is measured against platinum, which may be the platinum leg of the
platinum-rhodium/platinum reference thermocouple, or an additional platinum reference.
NOTE 1—Some thermoelements may show insignificant emf drift while undergoing relatively rapid oxidation. In these cases, failure of the
thermoelement may be indicated only by a large rise in the electrical resistance of the thermocouple,between joined thermoelements, as measured
betweenat the reference junctions.
2
NOTE 2—See ASTM MNL 12 for recommended upper temperature limits in air.
NOTE 3—This test method is only applicable for initially new thermoelements. Base-metal thermoelements exposed to temperatures above 200 °C
become thermoelectrically inhomogeneous, and stability testing of inhomogeneous thermoelements will give ambiguous results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 220Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison
Techniques
E 230Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF)
Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E 344Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E 563Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a
Reference Temperature
E 1159Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys Specification for Thermocouple Materials, Platinum-Rhodium
Alloys, and Platinum
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E 344 shall apply to this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.04 on
Thermocouples.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2007.PublishedJune2007.Originallyapprovedin1977.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1997asE601–81(1997)whichwaswithdrawn
in January 2006 and reinstated in May 2007.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 601 – 07.
2
Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement: Fourth Edition,Available fromASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428, www.astm.org.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E 601 – 07a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 emf indic
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