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ASTM D2746-07(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)

Standard Test Method for Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the tendency for oil components to separate spontaneously from asphalt. The separation of oil components can cause staining in asphalt roofing products and adjacent materials in storage and use.  
4.2 The stain index is related to the thermal stability of the asphalt. Higher stain index values indicate lower stability and greater tendency for staining.  
4.3 Use this procedure to determine the staining tendency of asphalt and to compare the results against a material for which the staining tendency is known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the staining tendency of asphalt and the assignment of a stain index proportional to the extent of staining observed.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to asphalts having ring-and-ball softening points of 85°C (185°F) or greater. Note 1—This test method may be modified for use with other bituminous materials with softening points less than 85°C (185°F) by using a different temperature than specified in Section 7 by agreement of the interested parties. The report of results from such a test may cite this method but must clearly state the temperature employed in the exception and acknowledge that the interpretation of results in Section 9 and the precision and bias stated in Section 10 may not apply.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Drafting Committee
D08.02 - Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2746-07 - Standard Test Method for Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)
Effective Date
01-May-2013

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ASTM D2746-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)ASTM D2746-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)
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ASTM D2746-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2746 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Staining Tendency of Asphalt (Stain Index)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope diameter of the brass ring to determine the staining character-
istic of the asphalt. The stain index is the difference between
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stain-
the diameter of the stained circle and the initial disc diameter
ing tendency of asphalt and the assignment of a stain index
measured to the nearest 0.5 mm ( ⁄64 in.).
proportional to the extent of staining observed.
1.2 This test method is applicable to asphalts having ring-
4. Significance and Use
and-ball softening points of 85°C (185°F) or greater.
4.1 This test method measures the tendency for oil compo-
NOTE 1—This test method may be modified for use with other
nentstoseparatespontaneouslyfromasphalt.Theseparationof
bituminous materials with softening points less than 85°C (185°F) by
oil components can cause staining in asphalt roofing products
using a different temperature than specified in Section 7 by agreement of
and adjacent materials in storage and use.
the interested parties. The report of results from such a test may cite this
method but must clearly state the temperature employed in the exception
4.2 The stain index is related to the thermal stability of the
and acknowledge that the interpretation of results in Section 9 and the
asphalt. Higher stain index values indicate lower stability and
precision and bias stated in Section 10 may not apply.
greater tendency for staining.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.3 Usethisproceduretodeterminethestainingtendencyof
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
asphalt and to compare the results against a material for which
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
the staining tendency is known.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5. Apparatus
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5.1 Rings—Square shouldered brass retaining rings con-
limitations prior to use.
forming to the dimensions required for use in the ring-and-ball
softening point apparatus (see Fig. 1 (a) of Test Method D36).
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 The inside diameter of the ring to be placed in contact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with the filter paper during the test is 16 mm ( ⁄64 in.).
D36TestMethodforSofteningPointofBitumen(Ring-and-
NOTE 2—This test method depends on accurate measurement of
Ball Apparatus)
diameter and precise alignment of the face and rim of the ring on a flat
D140Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
surface. Therefore, deformed rings must not be used.
E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
5.2 Pouring Plate— A flat, smooth, brass plate approxi-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
mately 50 by 75 mm (2 by 3 in.).
3. Summary of Test Method
5.3 Paper—Filter paper of the standard double acid-washed
3.1 A horizontal disc of asphalt, cast in a brass retaining
analytical grade.
ring,isplacedonasheetoffilterpapersupportedonaflatplate
5.3.1 The filter paper must be of sufficient area to accom-
and heated at 80°C (175°F) for 120 h. The diameter of the
modate the number of samples and the known material
resulting stained circle on the paper is compared to the inside
arranged as described in 7.3.
5.4 Support Plate— A flat, clean, smooth metal plate ap-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofing proximately1.5mm( ⁄16in.)thickandareaatleastsufficientto
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
support the size of filter paper being used.
Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2746– 07. DOI:
10.1520/D2746-07R13. The sole source of supply of the paper known to the committee at this time is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Whatman No. 40 filter paper, available from laboratory supply and service
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM companies.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethisinformation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid-
the ASTM website. erationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee, whichyoumayattend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2746 − 07 (2013)
5.5 Oven—A constant temperature oven capable of main- stained circle on the filter paper expressed numerically in
taining the test temperature of 80°C (175°F) within 61°C 0.4-mm units (64ths of an inch) to the nearest 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
(62°F). using a steel rule.
7.6.1 Alternatively, use the hole template and determine the
5.6 Thermometer—AnASTM thermometer having a range
diameter of the hole which best fits the stained circle on the
from –20 to 102°C (–5 to 215°F), and conforming to the
filter paper and record the result numerically in 0.4-mm units
requirementsforThermometerS12C(orS12F)asprescribedin
(64ths of an inch) to the nearest 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.).
SpecificationE2251.Asanalternative,anyotherthermometric
deviceusedshallbeatleast:(1)ofequalaccuracytothatofthe
8. Calculation and Interpretation of Results
thermometer specified in Specification E2251,(2) capable of
8.1 Subtract the initial diameter of the asphalt disc ex-
indicating temperature to
...

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4.2 The stain index is related to the thermal stability of the asphalt. Higher stain index values indicate lower stability and greater tendency for staining.  
4.3 Use this procedure to determine the staining tendency of asphalt and to compare the results against a material for which the staining tendency is known.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the tendency for oil components to separate spontaneously from asphalt. The separation of oil components can cause staining in asphalt roofing products and adjacent materials in storage and use.  
4.2 The stain index is related to the thermal stability of the asphalt. Higher stain index values indicate lower stability and greater tendency for staining.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 This test method is applicable to asphalts having ring-and-ball softening points of 85 °C [185 °F] or greater.  
Note 1: This test method may be modified for use with other bituminous materials with softening points less than 85 °C [185 °F] by using a different temperature than specified in Section 7 by agreement of the interested parties. The report of results from such a test may cite this method but must clearly state the temperature employed in the exception and acknowledge that the interpretation of results in Section 9 and the precision and bias stated in Section 10 may not apply.  
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5.1 The complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures is a fundamental property of the material. Test results at critical temperatures (Tcritical) are used for specifications for some mixes. Mixtures with stiffer binders, aged mixes, mixtures with higher amounts of fines (material finer than 75 µ), and mixtures with lower voids all tend to have higher complex shear modulus values than mixtures with less stiff binders, unaged mixes, mixtures with low levels of fines, and higher air voids. In general, mixtures with higher complex shear modulus values at a given service temperature will exhibit lower permanent deformation values than similar mixtures tested at the same temperature that have lower complex shear modulus values.  
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed to simulate the in-service oxidative aging that occurs in asphalt binders during pavement service. Residue from this conditioning practice may be used to estimate the physical or chemical properties of asphalt binders after several years of in-service aging in the field.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was de...

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