ASTM D4675-03

Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materials (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied configuration for use in packaging (closing, reinforcing, baling, unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable, published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their own requirements (see 2.2 ).
1.3 Limitations—This guide is not intended to give specific information as to how strapping must be used in any particular packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order: SectionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Significance and Use4Safety Hazards5General Considerations:Properties of Strap Types6General Uses7Strap Tension8Packaging Design:Distribution9Package Configuration10Strap Selection11Joining Methods and PropertiesJoint Methods and Properties (except loop joint)12Loop Joint and Seal Properties13Coatings:Strap Coatings and Purposes14Application:Equipment for Strap Application15Strap Application16Testing and Evaluation:Testing and Developing Final Package Design17Evaluation of Strap Failure18Keywords19Supplementary GuidelineS1
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 5 and Note 1 and 15.3.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2003
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.25 - Palletizing and Unitizing of Loads

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4675-00 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4675-06 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM A700-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6256/D6256M-16 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes with Skidded, Load-Bearing Bases
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3953-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1974/D1974M-22 - Standard Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, and Reinforcing Fiberboard Boxes
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6039/D6039M-18 - Standard Specification for Open and Covered Wood Crates
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8505/D8505M-23 - Standard Specification for Basalt and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5168-22 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard Containers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6880/D6880M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood Boxes
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5728-12(2020) - Standard Practices for Securement of Cargo in Intermodal and Unimodal Surface Transport
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7478/D7478M-11(2017) - Standard Specification for Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4727/D4727M-22 - Standard Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4675–03
Standard Guide for
1
Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This guide covers two common categories of strapping materials: flat carbon steel and nonmetallic
strapping. Within each of these two broad categories, there are distinct types that lend themselves to
particular applications to differing degrees.
The goal of this guide is to help the user focus on the desired elements of performance or service,
and the unique properties of each strapping material in order to judge which of these strapping
materials is best suited for the application. Contact your supplier for further information.
It is recognized that there are other materials (not covered) that may also offer acceptable solutions
or may be used in conjunction with flat strapping.Also, examples of ancillary materials are shown in
Fig. 1.
Strapping may be recyclable. Contact your supplier for further information.
1. Scope as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the
selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materi-
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order:
als (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting
Section
initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied
Scope 1
configurationforuseinpackaging(closing,reinforcing,baling,
Referenced Documents 2
unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and
Terminology 3
Significance and Use 4
securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies
Safety Hazards 5
to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.
General Considerations:
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging
Properties of Strap Types 6
General Uses 7
and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of
Strap Tension 8
strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint
Packaging Design:
or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of Distribution 9
Package Configuration 10
shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult
Strap Selection 11
with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable,
Joining Methods and Properties
published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their Joint Methods and Properties (except loop joint) 12
Loop Joint and Seal Properties 13
own requirements (see 2.2).
Coatings:
1.3 Limitations—This guide is not intended to give specific
Strap Coatings and Purposes 14
information as to how strapping must be used in any particular Application:
Equipment for Strap Application 15
packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be
Strap Application 16
informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for
Testing and Evaluation:
testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized Testing and Developing Final Package Design 17
Evaluation of Strap Failure 18
Keywords 19
Supplementary Guideline S1
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizing of
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Loads.
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
information only.
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4675 – 00.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4675–03
FIG. 1 Applications for Steel and Nonmetallic Strapping
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D4675–03
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the related to corner break strength and closely allied with strength
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and elongation in determining impact resistance. It is also
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- important in tensioning applications requiring the strap to be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bent double, and in loop joint applications. (Specification
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety D 3953 contains test procedures and specifications.)
hazard statements are given in Section 5 and Note 1 and 15.3. 3.2.5 elongation at break, n—the increase
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