ASTM D3754-96
(Specification)Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers machine-made fiberglass pipe, 8 in. (200 mm) through 144 in. (3700 mm), for use in pressure systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and many industrial wastes, and corrosive fluids. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes. This standard is suited primarily for pipes to be installed in buried applications, although it may be used to the extent applicable for other installations such as, but not limited to, sliplining and rehabilitation of existing pipelines. Pipe covered by this specification is intended to operate at internal gage pressures of 250 psi (1.72 MPa) or less.
Note 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3754 – 96
Standard Specification for
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
1,2
Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3754; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Plastics
1.1 This specification covers machine-made fiberglass pipe,
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
8 in. (200 mm) through 144 in. (3700 mm), for use in pressure
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and many
als
industrial wastes, and corrosive fluids. Both glass-fiber-
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
reinforced plastic mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
Plastics
This standard is suited primarily for pipes to be installed in
D 2290 Test Method for Apparent Tensile Strength of Ring
buried applications, although it may be used to the extent
or Tubular Plastics and Reinforced Plastics by Split Disk
applicable for other installations such as, but not limited to,
Method
sliplining and rehabilitation of existing pipelines. Pipe covered
D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
by this specification is intended to operate at internal gage
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
pressures of 250 psi (1.72 MPa) or less.
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Resins
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
D 2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-
for information purposes only.
sign Basis for “Fiberglass’’ (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 4
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-
test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, and Fittings
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user D 3681 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiber-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- in a Deflected Condition
tions prior to use. D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D 4161 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
2. Referenced Documents
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flex-
2.1 ASTM Standards: ible Elastomeric Seals
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of
F 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Joining Plastic Pipe
Structures Intended for Liquid Service
2.2 ISO Standard:
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics ISO 1172 Textile Glass Reinforced Plastics—Determination
of Loss on Ignition
2.3 AWWA Standard:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
AWWA C-950 Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced 10
Pressure Pipe
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
published as D 3754 – 79. Last previous edition D 3754 – 91. This specification
replaces Specification D 4162. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
2 7
This revision includes renumbering existing Note 1 through 13 to be Note 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
through 14. Also changed are 8.7.2, Table 3, Note 10 (old 9). Note 1 (ISO Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
equivalency), 6.6.1, and 6.6.2 were added. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 11 West 42nd
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. Available from the American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincey
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Ave., Denver, CO 80235.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3754
to be used under the installation and operating conditions that will exist for
3. Terminology
the project in which the pipe is to be used.
3.1 Definitions:
4.2 Designation Requirements—The pipe materials desig-
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nation code shall consist of the standard designation, ASTM
nology D 883 or Terminology F 412 and abbreviations with
D 3754, followed by type, liner, and grade in arabic numerals,
Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.
class by the letter C with two or three arabic numerals, and pipe
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
stiffness by a capital letter. Table 1 presents a summary of the
3.2.1 fiberglass pipe—a tubular product containing glass
designation requirements. Thus a complete material code shall
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
consist of ASTM D 3754, three numerals, C.and two or three
thermosetting resin. The composite structure may contain
numerals, and a capital letter.
aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pig-
ments, or dyes. Thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or
NOTE 3—Examples of the designation codes are as follows: (1) ASTM
coatings may be included.
D 3754-1-1-3-C50-A for glass-fiber-reinforced aggregate and polyester
3.2.2 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe—a fiberglass pipe
resin mortar pipe with a reinforced thermoset liner and an unreinforced
polyester resin and sand surface layer, for operation at 50 psi (345 kPa),
without aggregate.
and having a minimum pipe stiffness of 9 psi (62 kPa). (2) ASTM
3.2.3 reinforced plastic mortar pipe—a fiberglass pipe with
D 3754-4-2-6-C200-C for glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin pipe with an
aggregate.
unreinforced thermoset liner, no surface layer, for operation at 200 psi
3.2.4 industrial pipe—pipe designed for internal, or external
(1380 kPa) and having a minimum pipe stiffness of 36 psi (248 kPa).
environments, or both, commonly encountered in industrial
NOTE 4—Although the “Form and Style for ASTM Standards” manual
piping systems used for many process solutions or effluents.
requires that the type classification be roman numerals, it is recognized
3.2.5 qualification test—one or more tests used to prove the
that few companies have stencil-cutting equipment for this style of type,
and it is therefore acceptable to mark the product type in arabic numbers.
design of a product. Not a routine quality control test.
3.2.6 liner—a resin layer, with or without filler or reinforce-
5. Materials and Manufacture
ment, or both, forming the interior surface of the pipe.
5.1 General—The resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers,
3.2.7 surface layer—a resin layer, with or without filler or
and other materials, when combined as a composite structure,
reinforcement, or both, applied to the exterior surface of the
shall produce a pipe that shall meet the performance require-
pipe structural wall.
ments of this specification.
4. Classification
5.2 Wall Composition—The basic structural wall composi-
tion shall consist of a thermosetting resin, glass-fiber reinforce-
4.1 General—This specification covers fiberglass sewer and
ment, and, if used, an aggregate filler.
industrial pressure pipe defined by raw materials in the
5.2.1 Resin—A thermosetting polyester or epoxy resin, with
structural wall (type) and liner, surface layer material (grade),
or without filler.
operating pressure (class), and pipe stiffness. Table 1 lists the
5.2.2 Aggregate—A siliceous sand conforming to the re-
types, liners, grades, classes, and stiffnesses that are covered.
quirements of Specification C 33, except that the requirements
NOTE 2—All possible combinations of types, liners, grades, classes,
for gradation shall not apply.
and stiffness may not be commercially available. Additional types, liners,
5.2.3 Reinforcement—A commercial grade of glass fiber
grades, and stiffnesses may be added as they become commercially
with a sizing compatible with the resin used.
available. The purchaser should determine for himself or consult with the
manufacturer for the proper class, type, liner, grade, and stiffness of pipe 5.3 Liner and Surface Layers—A liner or surface layer, or
TABLE 1 General Designation Requirements for Fiberglass Pressure Pipe
Desig- Prop-
A
Cell Limits
nation erty
1 Type 1 2 3 4
glass-fiber-reinforced glass-fiber-reinforced glass-fiber-reinforced glass-fiber-reinforced
B B
thermosetting polyester resin thermosetting polyester resin thermosetting epoxy resin thermosetting epoxy resin
B B
mortar (RPMP polyester) (RTRP polyester) mortar (RPMP epoxy) (RTRP epoxy)
2 Liner 1 2 3 4
reinforced thermoset liner non-reinforced thermoset liner thermoplastic liner no liner
3 Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6
B B
Polyester resin polyester resin polyester resin and epoxy resin epoxy resin No surface
surface layer— surface layer— sand surface layer surface layer— surface layer— layer
B B
reinforced nonreinforced nonreinforced reinforced nonreinforced
C
4 Class C50 C75 C100 C125 C150 C175 C200 C225 C250
5 Pipe Stiffness A B C D
ABC
psi (kPa) 9 (62) 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (496)
A
The cell-type format provides the means of identification and specification of piping materials. This cell-type format, however, is subject to misapplication since
unobtainable property combinations can be selected if the user is not familiar with commercially available products. The manufacturer should be consulted.
B
For the purposes of this standard, polyester includes vinyl ester resin.
C
Based on operating pressure in psig (numerals).
D 3754
both, when incorporated into or onto the pipe shall meet the 18.29 m). The actual laying length shall be the nominal length
chemical and structural requirements of this specification. 62 in. (651 mm), when measured in accordance with 8.1.2. At
5.4 Joints—The pipe shall have a joining system that shall least 90 % of the total footage of any one size and class,
provide for fluid tightness for the intended service condition. excluding special-order lengths, shall be furnished in the
5.4.1 Unrestrained—Pipe joints capable of withstanding nominal lengths specified by the purchaser. Random lengths, if
internal pressure but not longitudinal forces. furnished, shall not vary from the nominal lengths by more
5.4.1.1 Coupling or Bell-and-Spigot Gasket Joints, with a than 5 ft (1.53 m), or 25 %, whichever is less.
groove either on the spigot or in the bell to retain an 6.2.3 Wall Thickness—The average wall thickness of the
elastomeric gasket that shall be the sole element of the joint to pipe shall not be less than the nominal wall thickness published
provide watertightness. For typical joint detail see Fig. 1. in the manufacturer’s literature current at the time of purchase,
5.4.1.2 Mechanical Couplings. and the minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be less
5.4.2 Restrained—Pipe joints capable of withstanding inter- than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness when measured in
nal pressure and longitudinal forces. accordance with 8.1.3.
5.4.2.1 Joints similar to those in 5.4.1.1 with supplemental 6.2.4 Squareness of Pipe Ends—All points around each end
restraining elements. of a pipe unit shall fall within 6 ⁄4in. (6.4 mm) or 60.5 % of
5.4.2.2 Butt Joint, with laminated overlay. the nominal diameter of the pipe, whichever is greater, to a
5.4.2.3 Bell-and-Spigot, with laminated overlay. plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, when
5.4.2.4 Bell-and-Spigot, adhesive bonded. measured in accordance with 8.1.4.
5.4.2.5 Flanged. 6.3 Chemical Requirements:
5.4.2.6 Mechanical. 6.3.1 Sanitary Sewer Service :
6.3.1.1 Long-Term—Pipe specimens, when tested in accor-
NOTE 5—Other types of joints may be added as they become commer-
dance with 8.2.1 shall be capable of being deflected, without
cially available.
failure, at the 50 year strain level given in Table 4 when
5.5 Gaskets—Elastomeric gaskets, when used with this
exposed to 1.0 N sulfuric acid.
pipe, shall conform to the requirements of Specification F 477,
NOTE 6—See Appendix X1 for derivation of the minimum sanitary
except that composition of the elastomer shall be as agreed
sewer pipe chemical requirements given in Table 4.
upon between the purchaser and the supplier for the particular
exposure to oily or aggressive-chemical environments.
6.3.1.2 Control Requirements—Test pipe specimens peri-
odically in accordance with 8.2.1.3, following the procedure of
6. Requirements
8.2.1.4, or alternatively, the procedure of 8.2.1.5.
6.1 Workmanship:
6.3.1.3 When the procedure of 8.2.1.4 is used, the following
6.1.1 Each pipe shall be free from all defects including
three criteria must be met: a) the average failure time at each
indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, cracks, pits,
strain level must fall at or above the lower 95 % confidence
blisters, foreign inclusions, and resin-starved areas that due to
limit of the originally determined regression line, b) no
their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength
specimen-failure times may be sooner than the lower 95 %
and serviceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as
prediction limit of the originally determined regression line,
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
and c) one-third or more of the specimen failure times must be
physical properties.
on or above the originally determined regression line.
6.1.2 The inside surface of each pipe shall be free of bulges,
NOTE 7—Determine the lower 95 % confidence limit and the lower
dents, ridges, or other defects that result in a variation of inside
95 % prediction limit in accordance with to Annex A2.
diameter of more than ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) from that obtained on
6.3.1.4 When the alternative method of 8.2.1.5 is used,
adjacent unaffected portions of the surface. No glass-fiber
failure shall not occur in any specimen.
reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of the pipe
6.3.2 Industrial Service—The resin compon
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