ASTM A876M-92
(Specification)Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types [Metric] (Withdrawn 1998)
Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types [Metric] (Withdrawn 1998)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Last ASTM Designation: A 876M – 92
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel,
Fully Processed Types [Metric]
This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolle
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flat-rolled electrical steel master coils are usually slit into narrower coils. Usually these slit coils are punched or sheared into laminations of various shapes. The laminations are then uniformly stacked to become the cores of magnetic devices such as motors and transformers. Stacking of many laminations exhibiting excessive taper causes assembly problems and poor appearance. Nonuniform stack lengths in motors cause imbalance and noise. When the laminations are interleaved in transformers, taper causes air spaces within the core resulting in increased noise, increased exciting current, and higher core loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring edge taper and crown of flat-rolled electrical steel coils as produced at the steel mill.
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.
1.3 The following material specifications include requirements for edge taper or crown: A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086. Specification A840 also includes requirements for edge taper or crown, but it has been withdrawn and reference to it is included for historical purposes.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for nonoriented electrical steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.
4.2 This test is applicable to nonoriented silicon steel such as described in Specifications A677 and A683 in commercial thicknesses.
4.3 It is not intended to be applied to steels considered inherently ductile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of ductility utilizing Epstein test strips and a bending device for bending the strip over a predetermined radius. It is intended for commercial silicon-bearing steel sheet or strip of nonoriented types in the thickness range from 0.010 to 0.031 in. [0.25 to 0.79 mm], inclusive.
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for grain-oriented steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.
4.2 This test is applicable to grain-oriented silicon steel such as covered in Specification A876 in commercial thicknesses and widths up to 36 in. [910 mm].
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the ductility of grain-oriented silicon steel by use of an apparatus known variously as a tinner's brake, hand folder, or an apron brake.
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform. Nominal thicknesses included in this specification are 0.10 mm (0.004 in.) to 0.30 mm (0.012 in.).
1.1.1 Refer to Specification A677 for properties of flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel in nominal thicknesses of 0.36 mm (0.014 in.) to 0.64 mm (0.025 in.).
1.1.2 Refer to Specification A876 for properties of flat-rolled grain-oriented fully processed electrical steel.
1.1.3 Thin-gauge nonoriented electrical steels with a high silicon content (typically 61/2 %) manufactured using silicon vapor-deposition or similar processes are not included in this specification.
1.2 The steel covered in this specification is produced to specified maximum core loss values and is intended primarily for use in rotating electrical machinery and other electromagnetic devices operating at moderate to elevated frequencies (100 Hz and greater). Desirable core loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing; however, lamination manufacturing processes may adversely affect these mill-produced properties. Additional stress-relief heat treatment by the user may therefore be helpful in remediating these properties in the manufactured laminations. Stress-relief annealing is discussed further in Appendix X2.
1.3 These thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys typically containing 2.5 to 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).”
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) relay steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. Available forms and conditions are forging billet, hot-rolled product, cold-finished bars, strip, and wire. These steels are not the same as the flat-rolled non-oriented or grain oriented iron-silicon electrical steels covered by ASTM Specifications A 677, A 683 and A 876. The steels covered in this specification have nominal silicon contents of 1.1, 2.3 and 4.0 % Si. Both the 1.1 and 2.3 % Si types are also available in an enhanced machinability composition. Along with chemical composition, steels produced to this specification must meet a specified maximum value of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. Appendices are given containing typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:
Steel Type
Nominal Composition
1
1.1 % Si-Fe
1F
1.1 % Si-Fe free machining
2
2.3 % Si-Fe
2F
2.3 % Si-Fe free machining
3
4.0 % Si-Fe
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 6.35 mm (0.250 in.).
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels used in transformer and motor laminations. Please refer to Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086 for standards pertaining to these material types.
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy materials capable of being processed into magnetic core components having similar silicon contents.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “μΩ-cm, or, Ω-m.”
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification concerns general procedures for specifying requirements of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. This specification is to be used when the material in question is not covered by an ASTM material specification. The specification does not contain requirements but instead lists physical properties, ordering information and other attributes that should be considered when purchasing the material. All ASTM electrical steel specifications are in conformity to this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general procedures for specifying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an applicable individual specification does not exist, this specification enables the user to order a suitable material to be supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic quality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specifying certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this specification.
1.2 Individual ASTM electrical steel specifications that are in conformity with this specification are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A840, A876, and A1086.
Note 1: For more information on other standards associated with this specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A341/A341M, A343/A343M, A348/A348M, A596/A596M, A712, A717/A717M, A719/A719M, A720/A720M, A721/A721M, A773/A773M, A804/A804M, A889/A889M, A937/A937M, A971/A971M, and Practice A664.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flat-rolled electrical steel master coils are usually slit into narrower coils. Usually these slit coils are punched or sheared into laminations of various shapes. The laminations are then uniformly stacked to become the cores of magnetic devices such as motors and transformers. Stacking of many laminations exhibiting excessive taper causes assembly problems and poor appearance. Nonuniform stack lengths in motors cause imbalance and noise. When the laminations are interleaved in transformers, taper causes air spaces within the core resulting in increased noise, increased exciting current, and higher core loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring edge taper and crown of flat-rolled electrical steel coils as produced at the steel mill.
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.
1.3 The following material specifications include requirements for edge taper or crown: A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086. Specification A840 also includes requirements for edge taper or crown, but it has been withdrawn and reference to it is included for historical purposes.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. These steels may be acquired in any of four conditions a.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 15 kG (1.5 T), b.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T), c.) high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) and d.) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T). These steels can be purchased in a number of combinations of material form and surface type or treatment. This specification explains in detail, the available forms, thicknesses and magnetic performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. The ASTM core-loss type designations for the electrical steels covered here are 18G041, 23G045, 27G051, 30G058, 35G066, 23H070, 27H074, 30H083, 35H094, 23P060, 27P066, 23Q054, and 27Q057. Steels may be acquired in any of four conditions, classified according to a combination of material form and surface type or treatment as desired for the expected end use. Materials shall conform to specified values of magnetic properties (core loss, permeability, and magnetic aging), physical dimensions (thickness, length, and width), and mechanical properties (lamination factor and ductility).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for grain-oriented steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.
4.2 This test is applicable to grain-oriented silicon steel such as covered in Specification A876 in commercial thicknesses and widths up to 36 in. [910 mm].
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the ductility of grain-oriented silicon steel by use of an apparatus known variously as a tinner's brake, hand folder, or an apron brake.
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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