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ASTM D6495/D6495M-15

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners

ABSTRACT
This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications and is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing of GCL materials. It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/or at other frequencies than required in this standard guide. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over this standard guide. Different properties such as clay mass per unit area, swell index, fluid loss, grab tensile strength, tensile strength, density and thickness of geomembrane support, and bonding peel strength shall be determined by subjecting the material to different test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.  
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to assure that the supplied GCL rolls meet accepted material specifications.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2015
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6495-14 - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6495/D6495M − 15
Standard Guide for
Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6495/D6495M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials,
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
verifications.
Sheeting
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers,
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in
Gradient Technique
establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
testing and verification. This is intended to assure that the
of Geosynthetics
supplied GCL rolls meet accepted material specifications.
D5887 TestMethodforMeasurementofIndexFluxThrough
Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Flexible Wall Permeameter
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Clay Liners
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D5889 Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Liners
with the standard.
D5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Com-
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information
ponent of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
D5891 Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of
course of action. This guide cannot replace education or
Geosynthetic Clay Liners
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
D5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geo-
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
synthetic Clay Liners
circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or
D5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring CoreThickness
replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given
of Textured Geomembranes
professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosyn-
applied without consideration of a project’s many unique
thetic Clay Liners
aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means
D6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal
only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM
and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner
consensus process.
by the Direct Shear Method
D6496/D6496M Test Method for Determining Average
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Prop-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
erties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
D6768/D6768M Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geo-
synthetic Clay Liners
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
2
Liners. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6495–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6495_D6495M-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6495/D6495M − 15
2.2 United States EPA Document: 3.2 Organizational Definitions:
EPA/600//R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document Quality 3.2.1 agency, n—in geosynthetics the organization who
Assurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment reviews the permit application for compliance with the agen-
3
Fa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6495 − 14 D6495/D6495M − 15
Standard Guide for
Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6495;D6495/D6495M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing
types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing
a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to assure that the supplied GCL rolls
meet accepted material specifications.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not
all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard
of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without
consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has
been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
D5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible
Wall Permeameter
D5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D5889 Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D5891 Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D5994D5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured Geomembranes
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct
Shear Method
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014July 1, 2015. Published September 2014August 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D6495–09.–14. DOI: 10.1520/D6495-14.10.1520/D6495_D6495M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6495/D6495M − 15
D6496D6496/D6496M Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of
Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D6693D6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced
Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
D
...

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ABSTRACT
This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications and is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing of GCL materials. It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/or at other frequencies than required in this standard guide. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over this standard guide. Different properties such as clay mass per unit area, swell index, fluid loss, grab tensile strength, tensile strength, density and thickness of geomembrane support, and bonding peel strength shall be determined by subjecting the material to different test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.  
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to ensure that the supplied GCL rolls meet accepted material specifications.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7703-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrical Leak Location on Exposed Geomembranes Using the Water Lance Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.  
4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.  
4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks. They do not verify material or seam integrity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.6).  
1.2 This practice can be used for geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation to provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches. The liner sheets shall consist of layers of asphalt mastic between asphalt-saturated felts, mats, or fabrics, and shall be coated on both sides and covered with a material to prevent the finished sheets from sticking together during storage and shipment. The coating shall be a hot-applied asphalt material permitted to be compounded with a mineral stabilizer. Thickness of asphalt coating, water absorption, mass percent of asphalt, resistance to decay, flexibility, brittleness, and heat dissipation tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for canals and ditches.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D6638-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength Between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units (Modular Concrete Blocks)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The connection strength between geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units is used in design of reinforced soil retaining walls.  
5.2 This test is used to determine the connection strength for the design of the connection system formed by segmental concrete block units and geosynthetic reinforcement layers in reinforced soil retaining walls. Performing a series of these connection tests at varying normal loads permits development of a relationship between connection strength and normal load. This relationship may be linear, bilinear, or some other complex mathematical expression.  
5.3 This connection strength test is meant to be a performance test (laboratory or field); therefore, it should be conducted using full-scale system components. The conditions for the test are selected by the user and are not for routine testing.  
5.4 As a performance test on full-scale system components, it accounts for some of the variables in construction procedures and materials tolerance normally present for these types of retaining wall systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the connection properties between a layer of geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units used in construction of reinforced soil retaining walls. The test is carried out under conditions determined by the user that reproduce the connection system at full scale. The results of a series of tests are used to define a relationship between connection strength for a segmental unit-geosynthetic connection system and normal load.  
1.2 This is a performance test used to determine properties for design of retaining wall systems utilizing segmental concrete units and soil reinforcing geosynthetics, either geotextiles or geogrids. The test is performed on a full-scale construction of the connection and may be run in a laboratory or the field.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    9 pages
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