ASTM D332-87(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Visual Observation
Standard Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Visual Observation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used as a referee method and for quality control. The vehicle (oil) for preparing the dispersions and the tinting pigment (ultramarine blue) are specified but other vehicles and tinting pigments can be used. Any such changes in the test method must be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
4.2 The results obtained with a muller do not necessarily agree with an industrial situation where different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersing with a muller is a fast and relatively inexpensive way of testing tinting strength for routine quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative tinting strength of white pigments by visual assessment of blue tints.
1.2 This test method is applicable only for comparing the test pigment with a reference standard of the same type and grade.
Note 1: Test Method D2745 describes a procedure for instrumental evaluation of black tinted samples.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D332 − 87 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Visual
Observation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope or an automatic muller. Both the test and standard pigments are
treated identically. The pastes are drawn-down together on a
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determin-
panel and visually assessed for tinting strength. To obtain a
ing the relative tinting strength of white pigments by visual
numerical rating of tinting strength, dispersions with the
assessment of blue tints.
standard white pigment and more or less of the tinting pigment
1.2 This test method is applicable only for comparing the
are made until the lightness of the test pigment paste is
test pigment with a reference standard of the same type and
matched.The weight of the tinting pigment is used to calculate
grade.
relative tinting strength.
NOTE 1—Test Method D2745 describes a procedure for instrumental
evaluation of black tinted samples. 4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 This test method is used as a referee method and for
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
quality control. The vehicle (oil) for preparing the dispersions
only.
and the tinting pigment (ultramarine blue) are specified but
other vehicles and tinting pigments can be used. Any such
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
changes in the test method must be agreed upon between the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
purchaser and the seller.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The results obtained with a muller do not necessarily
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agree with an industrial situation where different dispersing
conditions exist. However, dispersing with a muller is a fast
2. Referenced Documents
and relatively inexpensive way of testing tinting strength for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
routine quality control.
D262 Specification for Ultramarine Blue Pigment (With-
drawn 2005)
5. Apparatus
D2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
5.1 Balance, laboratory-type, sensitive to 0.1 mg, equipped
Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
with a counter-balanced watch glass.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.2 Buret, 1-mL capacity, stopcock controlled, graduated in
3.1 Specified amounts of white pigment and blue tinting 0.1-mLdivisions, or other suitable dispensing apparatus with a
pigment are dispersed together in oil using a glass hand muller delivery accurate to 0.05 mL.
5.3 GlassHandMuller—Aweighted glass hand muller with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
beveled edge having a total weight of 6.8 kg (15 lb) and a
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
grinding face of from 70 to 75 mm (2 ⁄4 to 3 in.) in diameter.
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Thefaceshallbefreeofblowholesandotherimperfectionsand
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D332 – 87 (2011).
keptroughenedbylightlygrindingwithNo.303opticalemery,
DOI: 10.1520/D0332-87R15.
or its equivalent, and turpentine.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 Rubbing Surface—A ground glass plate, at least 355 by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
510 mm (14 by 20 in.), the surface of which is kept roughened
the ASTM website.
3 by lightly grinding with No. 303 optical emery, or its
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
equivalent, and turpentine.
www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D332 − 87 (2015)
TABLE 1 Quantities of Materials for Tinting Strength Tests
spatula by scraping the face of the muller and gathering the
Weight of paste on the slab into a mound. Repeat until the paste has been
Weight of
Ultramarine Amount of
given 100 rubs.
Pigment Type Pigment,
Blue Tinting Oil, mL
g
Pigment, g
NOTE 2—Where the resulting paste is too fluid or too thick for mulling,
White Lead 2 0.2 0.5
adjustthequantityofoiltogiveaworkablepasteandprepareanewpaste,
Zinc oxide 2 0.2 0.7
mulling as before. Report the amount of oil used.
Zinc oxide, leaded 2 0.2 0.5
Titanium dioxide
7.2 Work2gofthetestpigmentinexactlythesamemanner
(anatase) 2 0.4 1.0
as prescribed in 7.1 for the standard, using the same amount of
(rutile) 2 0.4 0.9
tinting material and oil.
7.3 Spread the paste of the standard and test pigments in
parallel contiguous rectangular areas on the panel, each about
5.5 Automatic Muller, automatic, equipped with a weight
25 mm (1 in.) wide and 50 mm (2 in.) long. Use the scraper to
that exerts a permanent 50-lbf (220-N) force and an additional
smooththesurfaceofthepastes(herecalled“draw-downs”)by
weightexertinga50-lbfmakingatotalof100-lbf(445-N).The
drawing the scraper lightly over the pastes to give a straight
two glass plates shall be kept sharp by removing from the
and even line of contact between them. Keep the drawn-downs
machine and grinding them face-to-face with No. 303 optical
sufficiently thick to obscure the panel.
emery or equivalent,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D332 − 87 (Reapproved 2011) D332 − 87 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Visual
Observation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative tinting strength of white pigments by visual assessment
of blue tints.
1.2 This test method is applicable only for comparing the test pigment with a reference standard of the same type and grade.
NOTE 1—Test Method D2745 describes a procedure for instrumental evaluation of black tinted samples.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D262 Specification for Ultramarine Blue Pigment (Withdrawn 2005)
D2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Specified amounts of white pigment and blue tinting pigment are dispersed together in oil using a glass hand muller or an
automatic muller. Both the test and standard pigments are treated identically. The pastes are drawn-down together on a panel and
visually assessed for tinting strength. To obtain a numerical rating of tinting strength, dispersions with the standard white pigment
and more or less of the tinting pigment are made until the lightness of the test pigment paste is matched. The weight of the tinting
pigment is used to calculate relative tinting strength.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used as a referee method and for quality control. The vehicle (oil) for preparing the dispersions and the
tinting pigment (ultramarine blue) are specified but other vehicles and tinting pigments can be used. Any such changes in the test
method must be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
4.2 The results obtained with a muller do not necessarily agree with an industrial situation where different dispersing conditions
exist. However, dispersing with a muller is a fast and relatively inexpensive way of testing tinting strength for routine quality
control.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance, laboratory-type, sensitive to 0.1 mg, equipped with a counter-balanced watch glass.
5.2 Buret, 1-mL capacity, stopcock controlled, graduated in 0.1-mL divisions, or other suitable dispensing apparatus with a
delivery accurate to 0.05 mL.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2015. Published February 2011December 2015. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 20042011
as D332 – 87 (2004).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D0332-87R11.10.1520/D0332-87R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D332 − 87 (2015)
5.3 Glass Hand Muller—A weighted glass hand muller with beveled edge having a total weight of 6.8 kg (15 lb) and a grinding
face of from 70 to 75 mm (2 ⁄4 to 3 in.) in diameter. The face shall be free of blowholes and other imperfections and kept roughened
by lightly grinding with No. 303 optical emery, or its equivalent, and turpentine.
5.4 Rubbing Surface—A ground glass plate, at least 355 by 510 mm (14 by 20 in.), the surface of which is kept roughened by
lightly grinding with No. 303 optical emery, or its equivalent, and turpentine.
5.5 Automatic Muller, automatic, equipped with a weight that exerts a permanent 50-lbf (220-N) force and an additional weight
exerting a 50-lbf making a total of 100-lbf (445-N). The two glass plates shall be kept sharp by removing from the machine and
grinding them face-to-face with No. 303 optical emery or equivalent, and water.
5.6 Spatula—A flexible spatula having a chromium-plated or plastic blade 75 to 150 mm (3 to 6 in.) long.
5.7 Panels of bright tin, glass, or white-lacquered cardboard.
5.8 Scraper—A French scraper or stiff scraping knife having a blade that is about 75 to 100 mm (3 or 4 in.) wide with a straight
edge.
6. Materials
6.1 Tinting Material—Ultramarine blue conforming to Specification D262 or a grade agreed upon by the purchaser and the
seller.
6.2 Oil—Refined linseed oil with an acid number of approximately 4.
6.3 Reference Standard—A standard white pigment of the same type and grade as the pigment to be tested, as agreed upon
between the purchaser and the seller.
7. Procedure A—Glass Hand Muller
7.1 Weigh 2 g of the standard white pigment and the amount of ultramarine blue listed in Table 1 to 62 mg. Transfer the
weighed portions of white and blue pigments to the ground-glass plate. Add the amount of oil specified in Table 1 from the buret
(Note). Be sure to allow the buret to drain
...
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