ASTM D4989-90a(1999)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for the Apparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using the Parallel Plate Plastometer
Standard Test Method for the Apparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using the Parallel Plate Plastometer
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate plastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity range from 10 to 10 10 poises (10 to 10 Pa[dot]s). See Note 1. Note 1-This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity uses pre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are non-Newtonian other viscosity test methods may give different results.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 4989 – 90a (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
the Apparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using
the Parallel Plate Plastometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorially switched from English dominant to SI dominant.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent 4.1 The sample is molded into a disc of specified dimen-
viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate sions, heated to the selected temperature, placed between the
plastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity range plates of the pre-heated apparatus and pressed under standard
2 9 3 10
from 10 to 10 Pa·s (10 to 10 poises). See Note 1. conditions for a measured time. The apparent viscosity is
calculated from the final diameter of the pressed specimen disc.
NOTE 1—This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity uses
pre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are
5. Apparatus
non-Newtonian other viscosity test methods may give different results.
5.1 Parallel Plate Plastometer—A modified form of Will-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
iams’ plastometer as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Mass of Platen
The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
A is 5000 6 50 g (11.02 6 0.11 lb).
only.
5.2 Ring Molds, with an inside diameter of 25.40 6 0.01
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mm (1.0000 6 0.0025 in.) and a height of 12.70 6 0.01 mm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(0.5000 6 0.0025 in.) cut from copper or brass tubing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 Constant Temperature Oven, capable of maintaining test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature within 60.1°C (60.2°F).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.4 Scale, linearly graduated in millimetres over at least 150
mm (6 in.) and accurate to 60.5 mm (60.02 in.).
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Sampling
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
6.1 Sample the material to be tested in accordance with
D 312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
Practice D 140.
D 450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,
Dampproofing and Waterproofing
7. Test Specimens
D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
7.1 Prepare two molds by coating with a pasty mixture of
Capillary Viscometer
talc in glycerine as a mold release agent. Coat all surfaces of
D 3205 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalt with Cone and
each mold by brushing or applying the paste with a finger tip.
Plate Viscometer
Place the rings on a brass or aluminum plate coated with the
release agent.
3. Terminology
7.2 Bring the sample to pouring temperature by heating in
3.1 Definitions—See definitions of viscosity given in Test
an oven for not more than 30 min. Heat the sample with care
Methods D 2171 and D 3205.
to prevent local overheating, stirring until it has become
sufficiently fluid to pour readily. Avoid incorporating air
1 bubbles in the sample. Pour the heated sample into the ring
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-8 on Roofing,
Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials and is the direct responsibility of molds until a slight overflow is achieved. Allow to cool at room
Subcommittee D08.03 on Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane
temperature overnight, and then cut the excess material off
Waterproofing and Builtup Roofing.
cleanly with a slightly heated knife or spatula. Trim the excess
Current edition approved Nov. 30, 1990. Published January 1991. Originally
material off not more than 1 h before testing.
published as D 4989 – 90. Last previous edition D 4989 – 90.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4989
Record the test temperature to the nearest 0.1°C (0.2°F), and
the time under load in minutes.
9. Calculation
9.1 Calculate the average final diameter of the specimen
disc from the five measurements recorded.
9.2 Calculate the average apparent viscosity as follows:
18 10
3.60 3 10 t 2.08 3 10 t
Pa·s 5 ; viscosity, cps 5 (1)
8 S 8 D
~d! d
where:
FIG. 1 Plastometer With Platens in Open and Closed Positions
t 5 time interval of the test in minutes, and
d 5 final average diameter of the specimen in inches
7.3 Just prior to testing, carefully remove each specimen (millimetres) (see Note 3).
from its mold by holding it under a stream of cool tap water
NOTE 3—National Institute of Standards and Technology,
...
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