ASTM D5874-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Impact Value, as determined using the standard 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, has direct application to design and construction of pavements and a general application to earthworks compaction control and evaluation of strength characteristics of a wide range of materials, such as soils, soil aggregates and stabilized soil. Impact Value is one of the properties used to evaluate the strength of a layer of soil up to about 150 mm (6 in.) in thickness using a 50 mm (2 in.) diameter hammer or up to 380 mm (15 in.) in thickness using a 130 mm (5 in.) diameter hammer, and by inference to indicate the compaction condition of this layer. Impact Value reflects and responds to changes in physical characteristics that influence strength. It is a dynamic force-penetration property and may be used to set a strength parameter.
5.2 This test method provides immediate results in terms of IV and may be used for the process control of pavement or earthfill activities where the avoidance of delays is important and where there is a need to determine variability when statistically based quality assurance procedures are being used.
5.3 This test method does not provide results directly as a percentage of compaction but rather as a strength index value from which compaction may be inferred for the particular moisture conditions. From observations, strength either remains constant along the dry side of the compaction curve or else reaches a peak and, for both cases, declines rapidly with increase in water content beyond a point slightly dry of optimum water content, at approximately 0.5 percent. This is generally between 95 and 98 % maximum dry density (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). An as-compacted target strength in terms of IV may be designated from laboratory testing or field trials as a strength to achieve in the field as the result of a compaction process for a desired density and water content. If testing is performed after compaction when conditions are such that the water content has c...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold, as follows:
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the field.
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water content, in the field.
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water content and dry density, in the field.
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil compacted in a mold, in the lab.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.3 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
1.4 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.), or natural turfgrass.
1.5 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating harder materials at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the standard and lighter impact soil testers.
1.6 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction. The IV of the 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) and 2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammers may be independently correlated to an unsoaked CBR or used to infer the percentage compaction for lower strength soils...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5874 − 24
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* lbm) and 2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammers may be independently
correlated to an unsoaked CBR or used to infer the percentage
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
compaction for lower strength soils.
Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold, as
follows: 1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
field. Practice D6026.
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water
1.8 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated
content, in the field.
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water con-
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
tent and dry density, in the field.
digits in the specified limits.
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil com-
1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/
pacted in a mold, in the lab.
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
for information only and are not considered standard. Report- dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
ing of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
nonconformance with this standard. ations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
1.3 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm)
commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope
hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pave-
methods for design.
ment materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures contained in this test method
particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University
of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Impact Value is
1.4 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm)
also commonly known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).
hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
strength soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.), or natural turfgrass.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.5 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating harder
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
materials at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
standard and lighter impact soil testers.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.6 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particu-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lar soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
used to infer percentage compaction. The IV of the 0.5 kg (1.1
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
2
Construction Control Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5874 − 16 D5874 − 24
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold, as follows:
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the field.
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water content, in the field.
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water content,content and dry density, in the field.
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil compacted in a mold, in the lab.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
nonconformance with this standard.
1.3 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an
unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than
37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
1.4 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength
soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than
9.5 mm (0.375 in.), or natural turfgrass.
1.5 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating for harder materials
at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the standard and lighter impact soil testers.
1.6 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with
an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction. The IV of the 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) and
2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammers may be independently correlated to an unsoaked CBR or used to infer the percentage compaction for
lower strength soils.
1.6 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are given for information only.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and Construction
Control Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2024. Published January 2016March 2024. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20072016 as
D5874 – 02(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D5874-16.16. DOI: 10.1520/D5874-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5874 − 24
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.8 For purposes of comparing,comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.
1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated,calculated in this standard are regarded as the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures
used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s
objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures contained in this test method are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University of Western
Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Impact Value is also commonly known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
...
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