ASTM D5006-96(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a technique for measuring the concentration of Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (EGME) and Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME) in aviation fuels. The HB and Brix scale refractometers are specified to determine the concentration of these fuel system icing inhibitors (FSII) by measuring the refractive index of a water extract. Precision estimates have been determined for the EGME and DiEGME additives using specific extraction ratios with a wide variety of fuel types. The extraction ratios are high enough that portable hand-held refractometers can be used, but not so high as to sacrifice accuracy or linearity, or both, in the 0.01 to 0.25 vol % range of interest.
1.2 This test method does not identify which FSII additive is present. The analyst must know which additive is to be measured prior to performing the test. Consult the appropriate fuel specification to determine which additive is to be measured.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.1, 8.2, 9.2.1.1, 9.3.1.1, 9.3.2, and 9.3.10
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5006 – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in
Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Brix scale—a refractometer with a refractive index
scale calibrated to weight percent cane sugar (sucrose).
1.1 This test method describes a technique for measuring
3.1.2 HB—a refractometer that can be used in a temperature
the concentration of Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
range from 18 to 35°C without incorporating a temperature
(EGME) and Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME)
correction factor.
in aviation fuels. The HB and Brix scale refractometers are
specified to determine the concentration of these fuel system
4. Summary of Test Method
icing inhibitors (FSII) by measuring the refractive index of a
4.1 In order to determine the concentration of fuel system
water extract. Precision estimates have been determined for the
icing inhibitor in aviation fuel, a measured volume of fuel is
EGME and DiEGME additives using specific extraction ratios
extracted with a fixed ratio of water. The extraction procedure
with a wide variety of fuel types. The extraction ratios are high
includes sufficient agitation and contacting time to ensure that
enough that portable hand-held refractometers can be used, but
equilibrium distributions are attained. With the HB refracto-
not so high as to sacrifice accuracy or linearity, or both, in the
meter, several drops of the water extract are placed on the
0.01 to 0.25 vol % range of interest.
prism face and the volume percent FSII is read directly from a
1.2 This test method does not identify which FSII additive is
custom graduated scale printed on the reticule. If the Brix
present. The analyst must know which additive is to be
refractometer is used, a temperature correction factor is first
measured prior to performing the test. Consult the appropriate
applied to the reading, multiplied by 2 and divided by 100 to
fuel specification to determine which additive is to be mea-
calculate volume percent FSII. (Warning—Ethylene glycol
sured.
monomethyl ether, (EGME). Combustible, toxic material. )
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
(Warning—In addition to other precautions, EGME has been
standard.
shown to be a teratogen in animals. Avoid inhalation. Do not
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wash thoroughly after
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
handling.) (Warning—Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(Di-EGME), Slightly toxic material. This material caused
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
slight embryo-fetal toxicity (delayed development) but no
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
increase in birth defects in laboratory animals. Consult the
statements, see 4.1, 8.2, 9.2.1.1, 9.3.1.1, 9.3.2, and 9.3.10.
suppliers’ material safety data sheet.)
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—This test method is semi-quantitative if mixtures of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ether-type additives are used. Methanol is not detected because of the
similarity of water/methanol refractive indices, and the presence of
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
methanol in fuel containing other additives results in lower than true
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
3 measurements.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 Fuel system icing inhibitors are miscible with water and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
can be readily extracted from the fuel by contact with water
during shipping and in storage. Methods are therefore needed
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
to check the additive content in the fuel to ensure proper
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.09 on Additive-Related Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published February 1997. Originally
published as D 5006 – 89. Last previous edition D 5006 – 90 (1995). For more detailed information on ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, refer to
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. the Federal Register, Vol 51, No. 97, dated Tuesday, May 20, 1986. Consult the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. supplier’s material safety data sheet.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5006
additive concentration in the aircraft. 9.3 Procedure for the Determination of Fuel System Icing
5.2 This test method is applicable to analyses performed in Inhibitor:
the field or in a laboratory. 9.3.1 Shake the extraction vessel vigorously for a minimum
of 5 min for all fuels.
6. Apparatus
9.3.1.1 Mechanical shakers may be used provided thorough
6.1 Refractometer—The HB temperature compensated, di- intermixing of the aqueous and fuel phases occurs, similar to
rect reading refractometer and the 0 to 30 or 0 to 16 Brix have
that obtained by hand shaking. (Warning—Following the
been found satisfactory for use. extraction procedures is most critical. Failure to extract for the
6.2 Extraction Vessel—Any suitable vessel of at least 200
specified time or failure to provide vigorous agitation can result
mL with provisions for isolating a small column of water in false readings. If lower than expected readings are obtained,
extract. Examples are separatory funnels, (glass or plastic), or
a second test should be done with a longer extraction time.)
plastic dropping bottles. 9.3.2 Allow the extraction vessel to sit undisturbed at
6.3 Measuring Vessel—Any vessel capable of measuring up
ambient temperature for a period of at least 2 min to allow the
to 160 mL of fuel to an accuracy of 62 mL, such as a 250-mL water to settle to the bottom. (Warning—Fuel entrained in the
graduated cylinder, or other calibrated container.
water causes an indistinct refractometer reading. In most cases
6.4 Water Dispenser—2.0-mL pipettes are preferred, but fuel residue can be eliminated by SLOWLY lowering the
syringes or burettes not exceeding 5.0-mL capacity that can
refractometer cover. The surface tension of water will sweep
dispense 2.0 6 0.2 mL may be used. fuel off the prism surface.)
6.5 Thermometer—The thermometer must have suitable
9.3.3 Open the cover of the refractometer prism and wipe it
range to measure air and fuel temperature in the field. Accurate
clean with a tissue. Place several drops of the water used for
to 61°C and meeting Specification E 1. the extraction on the prism face.
9.3.4 Close the cover and view the scale through the
7. Reagents and Materials.
eyepiece. Adjust the focus if necessary to bring the numbered
7.1 Water—Distilled or deionized water is preferred for the
scale into focus. Observe the position of the shadow line on the
extraction procedure, but potable water may be used.
numbered scale.
9.3.5 Rotate the zero adjustment knob or set screw so that
8. Calibration
the shadow line intersects at 0.0 on the HB or Brix scale
8.1 Calibration of the HB or Brix scale refractometer
refractometer.
consists of setting the reading obtained with water at ambient
9.3.6 Open the prism cover and wipe the surface clean with
temperature to 0.0 with the zero adjustment.
a tissue.
8.2 The calibration step is incorporated into the procedure to
9.3.7 Isolate several drops of the water extract from the
minimize the effect of temperature changes between the time of
extraction vessel and place on the prism face.
calibration and measurement. (Warning—The extraction, cali-
9.3.7.1 If a separatory funnel is used, it may be necessary to
bration, and measurement steps should be done at ambient
collect some extract into a smal
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