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ASTM F1962-20

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings

Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings

ABSTRACT
This guide describes the design, selection considerations, and installation procedures for the placement of polyethylene pipe or conduit below ground using maxi-horizontal directional drilling equipment. The pipes or conduits may be used for various applications including telecommunications, electric power, natural gas, petroleum, water lines, sewer lines, or other fluid transport. Horizontal directional drilling is a form of trenchless technology. The equipment and procedures are intended to minimize surface damage, restoration requirements, and disruption of vehicular or maritime traffic with little or no interruption of other existing lines or services. Mini-horizontal directional drilling (min-HDD) is typically used for the relatively shorter distances and smaller diameter pipes associated with local utility distribution lines. In comparison, maxihorizontal directional drilling (maxi-HDD) is typically used for longer distances and larger diameter pipes common in major river crossings. Applications that are intermediate to the mini-HDD or maxi-HDD categories may utilize appropriate “medi” equipment of intermediate size and capabilities. In such cases, the design guidelines and installation practices would follow those described for the mini- or maxi-HDD categories, as judged to be most suitable for each situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the design, selection considerations, and installation procedures for the placement of polyethylene pipe or conduit below ground using maxi-horizontal directional drilling equipment. The pipes or conduits may be used for various applications including telecommunications, electric power, natural gas, petroleum, water lines, sewer lines, or other fluid transport.  
1.2 Horizontal directional drilling is a form of trenchless technology. The equipment and procedures are intended to minimize surface damage, restoration requirements, and disruption of vehicular or maritime traffic with little or no interruption of other existing lines or services. Mini-horizontal directional drilling (min-HDD) is typically used for the relatively shorter distances and smaller diameter pipes associated with local utility distribution lines. In comparison, maxi-horizontal directional drilling (maxi-HDD) is typically used for longer distances and larger diameter pipes common in major river crossings. Applications that are intermediate to the mini-HDD or maxi-HDD categories may utilize appropriate “medi” equipment of intermediate size and capabilities. In such cases, the design guidelines and installation practices would follow those described for the mini- or maxi-HDD categories, as judged to be most suitable for each situation.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Section 6 contains general safety information related to the use of maxi-horizontal directional drilling equipment.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.67 - Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F1962-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River CrossingsASTM F1962-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings
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ASTM F1962-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1962 − 20
Standard Guide for
Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of
Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including
1
River Crossings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Section6containsgeneralsafetyinformationrelatedtotheuse
of maxi-horizontal directional drilling equipment.
1.1 This guide describes the design, selection
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
considerations,andinstallationproceduresfortheplacementof
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
polyethylene pipe or conduit below ground using maxi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
horizontaldirectionaldrillingequipment.Thepipesorconduits
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
may be used for various applications including
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
telecommunications, electric power, natural gas, petroleum,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
water lines, sewer lines, or other fluid transport.
1.2 Horizontal directional drilling is a form of trenchless
2. Referenced Documents
technology. The equipment and procedures are intended to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
minimize surface damage, restoration requirements, and dis-
D420Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering De-
ruption of vehicular or maritime traffic with little or no
sign and Construction Purposes
interruption of other existing lines or services. Mini-horizontal
D422Test Method for Particle-SizeAnalysis of Soils (With-
directional drilling (min-HDD) is typically used for the rela-
3
drawn 2016)
tively shorter distances and smaller diameter pipes associated
D1586TestMethodforStandardPenetrationTest(SPT)and
with local utility distribution lines. In comparison, maxi-
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
horizontaldirectionaldrilling(maxi-HDD)istypicallyusedfor
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
longer distances and larger diameter pipes common in major
Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
river crossings. Applications that are intermediate to the
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
mini-HDD or maxi-HDD categories may utilize appropriate
Rock for Site Exploration
“medi”equipmentofintermediatesizeandcapabilities.Insuch
D2166Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
cases, the design guidelines and installation practices would
of Cohesive Soil
follow those described for the mini- or maxi-HDD categories,
D2435Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
as judged to be most suitable for each situation.
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D2447Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside Diameter (With-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3
drawn 2010)
and are not considered standard.
D2513Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D2850Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D3035SpecificationforPolyethylene(PE)PlasticPipe(DR-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Plastic Pipeline Technology. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2020.PublishedNovember2020.Lastprevious the ASTM website.
3
edition approved in 2011 as F1962–11 which was withdrawn July 2020 and The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
reinstated in November 2020. DOI: 10.1520/F1962-11. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1962 − 20
D4186Test Method for One-Dimensional Consol
...

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5.2 In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.  
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5.4 Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.  
5.5 Great care must be used to ensure that specimens are representative of the pipe under evaluation. Departure...
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM F3203-19(2023)(Test Method)
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5.1 Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a basis for controlling production processes and a means of establishing the quality of finished products.  
5.2 Extraction tests permit verification of the proper gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met:  
5.2.1 The filler is not soluble in the solvent used in this method at the extraction temperature.  
5.2.2 The amount of filler present in the compound either is known or can be determined.  
5.2.3 Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. It has been found that, at gel content above 30 %, the solvent remains clear and free of filler.  
5.3 Since some oxidative degradation of the material and solvent may occur at the reflux temperature of the solvents, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.  
5.4 This test method is normally used for specimens consisting of an equal representation of the entire cross section of the product, but may also be used to examine specific portions of a product for differences in extent of cross-linking when compared to either a product standard or another sample.  
5.5 This test method is intended for testing crosslinked polyethylene compounds that are not hygroscopic. If compounds that are hygroscopic are tested using this method, specimen conditioning before and after extraction is required.  
5.6 This test method differs from Test Methods D2765, ISO 10147 and Test Method D7567 which also describe procedures for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene. It allows for the use of naphthenic hydrocarbon blend, isoparaffin solvent, or light aromatic solvent naptha as alternatives to xylenes. Xylenes a...
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1.1 The gel content of pipe and tubing produced from crosslinked polyethylene plastics as described in Specification F876 and other pipe or tubing standards is determined by extracting with solvents such as xylenes. A test method for quantitative determination of gel content is described herein. The method is applicable to PEX pipe and tubing of all densities, including those containing fillers, and provides correction for the inert fillers present in some of those compounds.  
1.2 Continuous extraction (see definition in Section 3) is used in this method to test the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene specimens. Continuous extraction when used for testing gel content has the advantages of decreased cost of testing, increased accuracy and consistency of results, and decreased test time. This is because extraction with a pure solvent is more efficient than extraction with a partially saturated solvent.  
1.3 While extraction tests may be made on articles of any shape, this test method is applicable for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene pipes and tubing.  
1.4 This test method makes use of xylenes or alternative solvents. Alternative solvents either have lower toxicity than xylenes or allow decreased extraction times. The alternative solvents are also potentially beneficial from an economic and environmental viewpoint. Xylenes are used for referee tests.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard...

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