ASTM F3396/F3396M-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
Standard Practice for Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides one means for determining the aeroplane structural loads for flight, control surfaces, and control systems. This practice satisfies the simplified loads requirements set forth in Specification F3116/F3116M for Normal Category Aeroplanes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides an acceptable means of meeting the airworthiness requirements for the flight design loads and conditions of small normal category level 1 and 2 aeroplanes. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this practice are: Simplified Design Load Criteria, Acceptable Methods for Control Surface Loads Calculations, Acceptable Methods for Primary Control System Loads Calculations, and Control Surface Loading (Level 1 Aeroplanes).
1.2 This practice is applicable to normal category, low-speed, level 1 and 2 aeroplanes. Use of the term aeroplane used throughout this practice will mean “normal category, low-speed, level 1 or 2 aeroplane,” unless otherwise stated.
1.3 An applicant intending to propose this information as means of compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable means of compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
1.4 This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3396/F3396M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3396/F3396M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This practice provides an acceptable means of meeting
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the airworthiness requirements for the flight design loads and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
conditions of small normal category level 1 and 2 aeroplanes.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The material was developed through open consensus of inter-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
national experts in general aviation. This information was
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a
specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this
2. Referenced Documents
practice are: Simplified Design Load Criteria, Acceptable
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Methods for Control Surface Loads Calculations, Acceptable
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
Methods for Primary Control System Loads Calculations, and
F3116/F3116M Specification for Design Loads and Condi-
Control Surface Loading (Level 1 Aeroplanes).
tions
1.2 This practice is applicable to normal category, low-
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
speed, level 1 and 2 aeroplanes. Use of the term aeroplane used
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility,
throughout this practice will mean “normal category, low-
Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amend-
speed, level 1 or 2 aeroplane,” unless otherwise stated.
ment 62)
1.3 An applicant intending to propose this information as 4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulations:
means of compliance for a design approval must seek guidance
CS-23, Amendment 4 Certification Specifications for
from their respective oversight authority (for example, pub-
Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aero-
lished guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the accept-
planes
able use and application thereof. For information on which
CS-VLA, Amendment 1 Certification Specifications for Very
oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or
Light Aeroplanes
in part) as an acceptable means of compliance to their
regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the
3. Terminology
ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and sym-
COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
bols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and
1.4 This document may present information in either SI
F44 airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminol-
units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in
ogy F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
standard.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the
systems shall not be combined.
chord of an airfoil section.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on the ASTM website.
3
Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
4
approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as F3396/F3396M – 20. Available from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12
DOI: 10.152
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3396/F3396M − 20 F3396/F3396M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3396/F3396M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides an acceptable means of meeting the airworthiness requirements for the flight design loads and
conditions of small normal category level 1 and 2 aeroplanes. The material was developed through open consensus of international
experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more
broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.
The topics covered within this practice are: Simplified Design Load Criteria, Acceptable Methods for Control Surface Loads
Calculations, Acceptable Methods for Primary Control System Loads Calculations, and Control Surface Loading (Level 1
Aeroplanes).
1.2 This practice is applicable to normal category, low-speed, level 1 and 2 aeroplanes. Use of the term aeroplane used throughout
this practice will mean “normal category, low-speed, level 1 or 2 aeroplane,” unless otherwise stated.
1.3 An applicant intending to propose this information as means of compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from
their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and
application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an
acceptable means of compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web
page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
1.4 This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system
are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently
of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on Structures.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020March 15, 2023. Published December 2020June 2023. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
F3396/F3396M – 20. DOI: 10.1520/F3396_F3396M-20.10.1520/F3396_F3396M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3396/F3396M − 23
F3116F3116/F3116M Specification for Design Loads and Conditions
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amendment 62)
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulations:
CS-23, Amendment 4 Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes
CS-VLA, Amendment 1 Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes
3. Terminology
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and F44
airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminology F3060. Items listed
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3396/F3396M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3396/F3396M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This practice provides an acceptable means of meeting
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the airworthiness requirements for the flight design loads and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
conditions of small normal category level 1 and 2 aeroplanes.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The material was developed through open consensus of inter-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
national experts in general aviation. This information was
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a
specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this
2. Referenced Documents
practice are: Simplified Design Load Criteria, Acceptable
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Methods for Control Surface Loads Calculations, Acceptable
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
Methods for Primary Control System Loads Calculations, and
F3116/F3116M Specification for Design Loads and Condi-
Control Surface Loading (Level 1 Aeroplanes).
tions
1.2 This practice is applicable to normal category, low-
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
speed, level 1 and 2 aeroplanes. Use of the term aeroplane used
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility,
throughout this practice will mean “normal category, low-
Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amend-
speed, level 1 or 2 aeroplane,” unless otherwise stated.
ment 62)
1.3 An applicant intending to propose this information as
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulations:
means of compliance for a design approval must seek guidance
CS-23, Amendment 4 Certification Specifications for
from their respective oversight authority (for example, pub-
Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aero-
lished guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the accept-
planes
able use and application thereof. For information on which
CS-VLA, Amendment 1 Certification Specifications for Very
oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or
Light Aeroplanes
in part) as an acceptable means of compliance to their
regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the
3. Terminology
ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and sym-
COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
bols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and
1.4 This document may present information in either SI
F44 airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminol-
units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in
ogy F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
standard.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the
systems shall not be combined.
chord of an airfoil section.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on the ASTM website.
3
Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
4
approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as F3396/F3396M – 20. Available from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12
DOI: 10.1520/F3396_F3396M-23. 53, D-50452 Koeln, Germany, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
...
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