ASTM ISO/ASTM51401-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
Standard Practice for Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The dichromate system provides a reliable means for measuring absorbed dose to water. It is based on a process of reduction of dichromate ions to chromic ions in acidic aqueous solution by ionizing radiation.
4.2 The dosimeter is a solution containing silver and dichromate ions in perchloric acid in an appropriate container such as a sealed glass ampoule. The solution indicates absorbed dose by a change (decrease) in optical absorbance at a specified wavelength(s) ((3), ICRU Report 80). A calibrated spectrophotometer is used to measure the absorbance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and procedure for using the acidic aqueous silver dichromate dosimetry system to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and appropriate analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the system will be referred to as the dichromate system. The dichromate dosimeter is classified as a type I dosimeter on the basis of the effect of influence quantities. The dichromate system may be used as either a reference standard dosimetry system or a routine dosimetry system.
1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice 52628 for the dichromate dosimetry system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
1.3 This practice describes the spectrophotometric analysis procedures for the dichromate system.
1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation, X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons.
1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions are satisfied:
1.5.1 The absorbed dose range is from 2 × 10 3 to 5 × 104 Gy.
1.5.2 The absorbed dose rate does not exceed 600 Gy/pulse (12.5 pulses per second), or does not exceed an equivalent dose rate of 7.5 kGy/s from continuous sources (1).2
1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma sources, the initial photon energy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung photons, the initial energy of the electrons used to produce the bremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2 MeV. For electron beams, the initial electron energy shall be greater than 8 MeV.
Note 1: The lower energy limits given are appropriate for a cylindrical dosimeter ampoule of 12 mm diameter. Corrections for displacement effects and dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron beams (2). The dichromate system may be used at lower energies by employing thinner (in the beam direction) dosimeter containers (see ICRU Report 35).
1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall be above 0 °C and should be below 80 °C.
Note 2: The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known only in the range of 5 to 50 °C (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires determination of the temperature coefficient.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: 51401 − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation 51401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—The lower energy limits given are appropriate for a cylindrical
1. Scope
dosimeter ampoule of 12 mm diameter. Corrections for displacement
1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and proce-
effects and dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron
dure for using the acidic aqueous silver dichromate dosimetry beams (2). The dichromate system may be used at lower energies by
employing thinner (in the beam direction) dosimeter containers (see ICRU
system to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to
Report 35).
ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and
appropriate analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the sys- 1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall be
above 0 °C and should be below 80 °C.
tem will be referred to as the dichromate system. The dichro-
mate dosimeter is classified as a type I dosimeter on the basis
NOTE 2—The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known
of the effect of influence quantities. The dichromate system
only in the range of 5 to 50 °C (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires
may be used as either a reference standard dosimetry system or
determination of the temperature coefficient.
a routine dosimetry system.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provides
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice
Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.3.
52628 for the dichromate dosimetry system. It is intended to be
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 This practice describes the spectrophotometric analysis
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
procedures for the dichromate system.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions
2. Referenced documents
are satisfied:
3
3
1.5.1 The absorbed dose range is from 2 × 10 to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
5 × 10 Gy.
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.5.2 The absorbed dose rate does not exceed 600 Gy/pulse
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
(12.5 pulses per second), or does not exceed an equivalent dose
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
2
rate of 7.5 kGy/s from continuous sources (1).
E666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From Gamma
1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma sources, the initial photon
or X Radiation
energy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung
E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-
photons, the initial energy of the electrons used to produce the
Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed
bremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2
Dose in Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronic Devices
MeV. For electron beams, the initial electron energy shall be
E925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
greater than 8 MeV.
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
does not Exceed 2 nm
1 E958 Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation
Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.02 on Dosimetry Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
Systems. Originally developed as a joint ASTM/ISO standard in conjunction with
ISO/TC 85/WG 3.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published May 2024. Originally approved
3
in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E). For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
DO
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: ISO/ASTM 51401 − 2013(E) 51401 − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 51401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and procedure for using the acidic aqueous silver dichromate dosimetry system
to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and appropriate
analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the system will be referred to as the dichromate system. The dichromate dosimeter is
classified as a type I dosimeter on the basis of the effect of influence quantities. The dichromate system may be used as either a
reference standard dosimetry system or a routine dosimetry system.
1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation
processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice 52628 for the dichromate
dosimetry system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
1.3 This practice describes the spectrophotometric analysis procedures for the dichromate system.
1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation, X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons.
1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions are satisfied:
3 4
1.5.1 The absorbed dose range is from 2 × 10 to 5 × 10 Gy.
1.5.2 The absorbed dose rate does not exceed 600 Gy/pulse (12.5 pulses per second), or does not exceed an equivalent dose rate
2
of 7.5 kGy/s from continuous sources (1).
1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma sources, the initial photon energy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung photons, the
initial energy of the electrons used to produce the bremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2 MeV. For electron
beams, the initial electron energy shall be greater than 8 MeV.
NOTE 1—The lower energy limits given are appropriate for a cylindrical dosimeter ampoule of 12 mm diameter. Corrections for displacement effects and
dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron beams (2). The dichromate system may be used at lower energies by employing thinner
(in the beam direction) dosimeter containers (see ICRU Report 35).
1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall be above 0°C 0 °C and should be below 80°C. 80 °C.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.02 on Dosimetry Systems,
and is also under the jurisdiction of . Originally developed as a joint ASTM/ISO standard in conjunction with ISO/TC 85/WG 3.
ε1
Current edition approved Sept. 14, 2013Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2013May 2024. Originally published as ASTM E 1401 – 91. ASTM E 1401 – 96approved
was adopted by ISO in 1998 with the intermediate designation ISO 15561:1998(E). The present International Standard ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E) replaces ISO 15561 and
is a major revision of the last previous edition ISO/ASTM 51401:2003(E).in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E). DOI:
10.1520/51401-21.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the bibliography at the end of this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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51401 − 21
NOTE 2—The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known only in the range of 5 to 50°C 50 °C (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires
determination of the temperature coefficient.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomme
...
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