ASTM D4451-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
Standard Test Method for Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and preformed tape) by low-temperature furnace ashing. Some organic pigments may be lost by this method and some water or moisture contained in pigments will be lost.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4451 – 02
Standard Test Method for
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Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints
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where such specifications are available.
and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and pre-
5.2 Toluene.
formedtape)bylow-temperaturefurnaceashing.Someorganic
pigments may be lost by this method and some water or
6. Procedure
moisture contained in pigments will be lost.
6.1 Liquid-Paint:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.1.1 Mix the sample until homogeneous, preferably on a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mechanical shaker. If air bubbles become entrapped in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
paint, stir it by hand.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1.2 Draw slightly more than 10 g of the paint under test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
intoa10-mLsyringeandweighto0.1mg.Transferabout5mL
2. Referenced Documents toluene to a porcelain dish tared with a paper clip for use as a
stirrer. Add 10 g of the material into the toluene. Reweigh the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
syringe to 0.1 mg and calculate the specimen weight. Mix well
D 3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-
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on a magnetic stirrer. Place the dish in the oven at 105°C for 30
Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
min.
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
6.1.3 Remove and heat at the lowest temperature possible
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
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over a meker burner in a fume hood. Do not leave the dish on
cialty Chemicals
the burner after the flame has subsided. Transfer to the muffle
3. Summary of Test Method furnace and proceed as in 6.4.
6.2 Preformed Traffıc Marking Tape— Cut about a 10-g
3.1 The specimen is transferred to a tared porcelain dish,
square of the product. Remove the adhesive by pulling it off or
dried (if necessary) at 105°C, and heated on a burner. The dish
by using an appropriate solvent. Save the beads that are
and specimen are transferred to a muffle furnace and heated at
knocked off by this process and weigh with the tape. Dry the
450°C. The dish and specimen are reweighed and the pigment
specimen for 30 min at 105°C to remove the solvent. Cool in
(ash) content calculated.
a desiccator. Weigh the specimen along with the loose beads to
4. Apparatus
0.1 mg into a tared porcelain dish. Heat in a fume hood at the
lowest temperature of a meker burner in a furnace hood until
4.1 Muffle Furnace, maintained at 450°C 6 25°C.
the material catches fire. Do not leave the dish on the burner
4.2 Circulating Oven, maintained at 105°C 6 2°C.
after the flame has subsided.Transfer to the muffle furnace and
4.3 Porcelain Dishes, 90-mm diameter.
proceed as in 6.4.
4.4 Plastic Disposable Syringe, 10-mL capacity.
6.3 Thermoplastic Traffıc Marking Material—This material
4.5 Burner, meker type.
may be delivered in block or powdered form. Transfer about
5. Reagents
400 g of the sample to a quart container and heat in a forced
draft oven at 400°F until completely melted (may take as long
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
as 4 h). Stir vigorously until well mixed. Pour about 10 g of the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
sample into an aluminum dish and let it cool. Remove the 10
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
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and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
published as D 4451 - 85. Last previous edition D 4451 - 85 (1996). Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. MD.
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