ASTM F1017-86(1994)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Testing Lateral Toe Release of Adult Alpine Ski Bindings Under Impact Loading (Withdrawn 2002)
Standard Test Method for Testing Lateral Toe Release of Adult Alpine Ski Bindings Under Impact Loading (Withdrawn 2002)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an impact test for establishing the maximum impulse for retention of a test ski on the standard boot in the lateral direction at the boot toe.
1.2 The test provides a measure of the release and retention boundary for lateral release of the toe of a ski binding at a particular ski binding setting.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1017 – 86 (Reapproved 1994)
Standard Test Method for
Testing Lateral Toe Release of Adult Alpine Ski Bindings
Under Impact Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1017; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope which is used for rigidly holding the test sole to the boot
support.
1.1 This test method covers an impact test for establishing
3.6 goniometer—the instrument used to measure the angle
the maximum impulse for retention of a test ski on the standard
of the pendulum shaft relative to the vertical equilibrium axis
boot in the lateral direction at the boot toe.
at the pendulum bearing is called the goniometer.
1.2 The test provides a measure of the release and retention
3.7 pendulum shaft—the long, circular cylinder connecting
boundary for lateral release of the toe of a ski binding at a
the pendulum block to the pendulum bearing is termed the
particular ski binding setting.
pendulum shaft.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.8 contact tip—the contact tip on the pendulum block is a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
steel hemispherical tip of hardness Rc 45 and diameter 10.0 6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
0.5 mm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.9 pendulum block—the rigid mass on the free end of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pendulum shaft and upon which the contact tip is rigidly
2. Referenced Documents mounted is termed the pendulum block.
3.10 impact location—the point on the test ski side wall
2.1 ASTM Standards:
where the impact occurs is the impact location. The impact
F 939 Practice for Selection of Release Torque Values for
location is 10 6 1 mm from the U-channel base and 10 6 1
Alpine Ski Bindings
mm from the ski tip.
F 944 Specification for Properties of Adult Alpine Ski
3.11 binding release—if, upon execution of an impact test,
Boots
the test ski either separates completely from the test boot or the
3. Terminology
test ski is off-set from at the boot toe by 5 mm or more and no
visible recentering of the test ski on the test boot is observed
3.1 contact material—the contact material is the material
for a period of up to 10 s, the binding is defined to have
interface between the pendulum contact tip and the side wall of
released the test ski from the test boot.
the test ski. The contact material specification in conjunction
3.12 pendulum tower—the structure supporting the pendu-
with the pendulum release angle determines the duration and
lum bearing, shaft and block is termed the pendulum tower.
the magnitude of the impulsive force during the impact test.
3.13 pendulum release angle—the angle between the pen-
3.2 impact—a force whose duration of application is short
dulum shaft and the vertical when the pendulum shaft is
relative to the capacity of the ski binding-pendulum system to
released from rest.
respond to the force is an impact force.
3.14 pendulum bearing—the bearing mounted on the pen-
3.3 impulse—the integral of the force history during the
dulum tower and supporting the pendulum shaft is termed the
time of contact between the pendulum tip and the contact
pendulum bearing.
material is termed the impulse.
3.15 boot support—the structure required to rigidly hold
3.4 test ski—an aluminum, U-shaped channel is termed the
and position the test boot is the boot support.
test ski. The tip and the tail of the test ski refer to the extreme
3.16 pendulum rebound angle—the maximum angle be-
points along the length of the channel in front of and behind the
tween the pendulum shaft and the vertical, following impact of
ski binding that is mounted on the channel.
the contact tip and contact material during a test, is the
3.5 test boot—the test boot is an ASTM sole in accordance
pendulum rebound angle.
with Specification F 944, backed by a steel plate 216 6 4 3 57
3.17 percentage rebound—the impact resilience of the con-
6 3 3 10.06 1mm . The ASTM sole is bolted to the plate
tact material is determined from the percentage rebound, R;
R 5 $@1 2 cos~u !#/@1 2 cos~u !#% 3 100
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-27 on Snow
reb rel
Skiing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F27.10 on Binding Test
Procedures. where:
Current edition approved Aug. 29, 1986. Published October 1986.
u 5 is the pendulum rebound angle, and
reb
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 1017
transverse bending should be 100 Hz.
u 5 is the pendulum release angle.
rel
6.3.1 One configuration for the tower consists of a structure
4. Summary of Test Method
of four steel plates welded into the form of a hollow, square
4.1 The ski binding is mounted on a standard test ski defined
cylinder with external square cross-section dimensions 254 6
in 6.1.
2 3 2546 2mm and length 1220 6 2 mm. The plate
4.2 The ski release binding is adjusted for a static release
thickness is 9.5 6 0.5 mm. An additional steel plate of
according to Test Method F 939. The release setting is re-
dimension 330 6 2 3 330 6 2 3 25 61mm is welded to the
corded. bottom of the cylinder, and a plate of dimension 305 6
4.3 The test ski is mounted on the standard boot sole in
2 3 381 6 2 3 13.06 0.5 mm is welded to the top. The latter
accordance with Specification F 944. The sole is rigidly fixed two plate surfaces are approximately parallel and perpendicular
during testing.
to the long axis of the cylinder. The base plate is drilled to
4.4 The contact material between the test ski and the allow bolting the tower rigidly to a concrete foundation at four
pendulum impact is according to the specifications in 6.7.
or more places. The top plate forms a nearly rigid foundation
4.5 The standard pendulum applies impulsive loading to the for the pendulum bearing system.
test ski at the lowest point of the pendulum arc.
6.3.2 The pendulum bearing base shall allow adjustment of
4.6 The pendulum pivot friction and the contact material are
the pendulum height and position by movement of the pendu-
evaluated according to 6.6.1 and 6.7.3 prior to and following
lum bearing in the plane of the pendulum motion. Adjustment
test of ski release bindings. Records of the evaluations are
of height is required to guarantee proper impact of the contact
maintained.
tip with the impact location for bindings of different height.
4.7 The pendulum release angle is decreased from a value
Adjustment of the horizontal position is required to guarantee
sufficient to guarantee release of the binding following a single
impact occurs at the bottom of the pendulum arc.
impact of the test ski until the maximum angle for which
6.4 Pendulum Shaft—The pendulum shaft is a circular, steel
retention of the binding is obtained. The release angle causing
cylinder of mass 2.3 6 0.1 kg. The shaft is 10006 2 mm long
ski binding to release at the release-retention boundary is
with O.D. 5 40.0 6 0.1 mm and I.D. 5 35.06 0.1 mm. The
recorded.
shaft is mounted in the pendulum bearing so that it swings in
a single vertical plane normal to the test ski.
5. Significance and Use
6.4.1 The fundamental natural frequency of the pendulum
5.1 This test method is designed to simulate the lateral
shaft, block, and bearing system in bending is approximately
impulsive loading at the toe of a ski binding during skiing. The
10 Hz.
test permits the evaluation of a ski binding’s release and
6.4.2 The pendulum shaft is rigidly secured to the pendulum
retention properties under expected loading rates. The test
block on the end of the shaft furthest from the pendulum
permits comparison of the release at the toe caused by lateral
bearing. The pendulum block mass is 3.0 6 0.1 kg. The contact
impulse to the ski for different binding system designs.
tip is rigidly fixed to the pendulum block.
5.2 The release and retention functions of ski bindings are
6.4.3 The length from the center of the pendulum bearing to
multifaceted and complex. The functions involve combinations
the point of impact on the contact tip is 1025 6 5 mm.
of static and dynamic loading in varied release directions of the
boot relative to the ski. This impulsive test method evaluates an
6.5 Boot Support—The test boot support holds the test boot
important ski binding
...
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