iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E1704-95(2002)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures

Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures

SCOPE
1.1 The guide covers the development of criteria for the acoustical performance of a broad variety of acoustical enclosures by identifying information necessary to unambiguously describe acoustical performance. This guide is not a standard ASTM specification for a sound-isolating enclosure.
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this guide are technical considerations for enclosure design that do not pertain directly to acoustical performance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-1995
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.03 - Sound Transmission
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1704-95 - Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
Effective Date
15-Jun-1995
Replaced By
ASTM E1704-95(2010) - Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
15-Jun-1995

Buy Standard

ASTM E1704-95(2002) - Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating EnclosuresASTM E1704-95(2002) - Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
PreviousNext
Guide
ASTM E1704-95(2002) - Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1704–95 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating
Enclosures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ANSI S12.31–S12.35 Methods for Determining the Sound
Power Levels of Machines and Equipment
1.1 The guide covers the development of criteria for the
2.3 ISO Standard:
acoustical performance of a broad variety of acoustical enclo-
ISO 3741–3745 Acoustics—Methods for Determining the
sures by identifying information necessary to unambiguously
Sound Power Levels of Machines and Equipment
describe acoustical performance. This guide is not a standard
2.4 Government Standard:
ASTM specification for a sound-isolating enclosure.
29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure [Occupa-
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this guide are technical
tional Safety and Health Administration]
considerations for enclosure design that do not pertain directly
2.5 Other Standard:
to acoustical performance.
VDI 2711 Schallschutz durch Kapeslung [Verein Deutscher
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Ingeireure, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin] [German] [Noise
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Control by the Use of Enclosures]
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 Standard definitions of acoustical terms may be found
in Terminology C634.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-
3.2.1 A-weighted sound pressure level—sound pressure
sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
level measurements made with the A-weighting filter applied
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
as defined in ANSI S1.4, denoted L in this guide.
PA
Acoustics
3.2.2 C-weighted sound pressure level—sound pressure
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
level measurements made with the C-weighting filter applied
Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
as defined in ANSI S1.4, denoted L in this guide.
E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation PC
3.2.3 enclosure—a structure, usually free-standing, which
E596 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Noise
substantially or completely encloses a given space or object.
Reduction of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
Thisdoesnotincludebarrierwalls,partitionswithinabuilding,
2.2 ANSI Standards:
3 or other partial structures.
ANSI S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
3.2.4 enclosure-generated noise—sound created by the op-
ANSI S3.1 Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels
3 eration of the enclosure systems, such as lighting and ventila-
for Audiometric Test Rooms
tion.
ANSI S3.6 Specification for Audiometers
3.2.5 level reduction—for the purposes of this guide, the
arithmetic difference between sound pressure levels at a
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onEnvironmental specific location before and after the installation of the enclo-
Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 on Sound
sure, expressed in decibels.
Transmission.
3.2.6 level reduction specification—specification of the
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. PublishedAugust 1995. DOI: 10.1520/
acousticalperformanceofanenclosurebystatingthereduction
E1704-95R02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in sound pressure level caused by the enclosure.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Office, Washington, DC 20402.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 4-7, 1000 Berlin 30.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1704–95 (2002)
3.2.7 personnel enclosure—an enclosure designed to keep 5.3.1 This guide calls for measurements common within
sound energy from personnel or equipment therein. Examples acoustical practice.
of personnel enclosures include but are not limited to audio- 5.3.2 The more critical the performance requirements of the
metricbooths,in-plantoffices,broadcastbooths,andacoustical enclosure, the more the user should consider seeking the
test chambers. services of an acoustics or noise control professional.
3.2.8 pre-installation sound pressure levels—the sound 5.4 The specifying of a sound-isolating enclosure has three
pressure levels, as a function of frequency, that are present sequential steps:
prior to the installation of the enclosure. In most cases this is 5.4.1 Determine the sound pressure levels that exist at
determined by measuring the ambient sound pressure levels in specific locations prior to the introduction of the enclosure,
the host area but in some cases, such as new construction, the
NOTE 1—In the case of new construction, the sound pressure level is
sound pressure levels must be predicted.
often estimated from the sound power levels of noise-emitting equipment
3.2.9 sound pressure level specification—specification of
and a general description of the acoustical properties of the environment.
the acoustical performance of an enclosure by stating the
5.4.2 Determine the maximum permissible sound pressure
maximum sound pressure levels that shall exist after installa-
levels that must exist at the same locations after the introduc-
tion.
tion of the enclosure, and
3.2.10 source enclosure—an enclosure designed to keep
5.4.3 Determine the required enclosure level reduction. The
sound energy from personnel or equipment on the outside.
requiredisolationisrelatedtothedifferencebetweenthesound
Such applications include, but are not limited to, equipment
pressure levels before and after the introduction of the enclo-
silencing, secure communications, music practice, and acous-
sure.
tical testing.
5.5 Many specifications are for multiple enclosures or
enclosures with multiple functions, or both. It is beyond the
4. Summary of Guide
scope of this guide to provide detailed guidance for every
4.1 An explanation of the determination and subsequent
possible combination. Separate specifications for each source-
specification of acoustical performance of sound-isolating
enclosure-receiver combination should be used in such a case.
enclosures is presented.
5.6 The type of specification that should be selected de-
4.2 Two types of specifications are described in this guide.
pends both on the purpose of the enclosure and how crucial its
The recommended method (sound pressure level specification)
performance is. In general:
is to specify the maximum permissible sound pressure levels
5.6.1 If exceeding a particular maximum permissible sound
that may be present after installation of the enclosure. The
pressure level spectrum would render the enclosure unsuccess-
alternatemethod(levelreductionspecification)istospecifythe
ful, a sound pressure level specification should be used.
enclosure’s level reduction.
5.6.1.1 Thisguideassignsallphasesofacousticaldesignare
4.3 Thetypeofspecificationselecteddependslargelyonthe
delegated to the supplier. Compliance is usually more easily
enclosure application and the data available. A sound pressure
verified than with the level reduction method.
level specification usually applies to a specific site, while the 5.6.2 If the criteria for the success of the enclosure are less
level reduction specification may have broader application.
stringent or not related to a specific maximum permissible
Also,thesoundpressurelevelspecificationismoreappropriate spectrum, a level reduction specification may be used.
where specific sound pressure levels are required, while the
6. Recommended Specifications
level reduction specification reflects a more general interest in
amounts of noise level reduction.
6.1 The sound pressure level specification specifies the
4.4 Some guidance is provided inAppendix X1 on selecting
maximum permissible sound pressure levels that may exist
a specification type based on the enclosure application and the
either inside or outside the enclosure after installation. Pre-
information available.
installation sound pressure levels must also be presented.
4.5 Substantial guidance is given on the essential acoustical
6.1.1 Maximumsoundpressurelevelsshouldbespecifiedin
data that must be compiled.
one-third-octave bands whenever possible to allow a detailed
4.6 A non-mandatory model specification Appendix X2 is
fit to the requirements. Octave band sound pressure levels are
included that embraces both specification types. It also serves
appropriate where the noise spectrum is broad band and free of
as a guide for identifying and gathering information necessary
prominent tones.
to the manufacturer for designing the enclosure.
6.1.2 The desired post-installation sound pressure level may
also be described by a single number descriptor, such as
5. Significance and Use
A-weighted sound pressure level or NC or RC ratings. In this
event the pre-installation one-third-octave band sound pressure
5.1 This guide can be used to produce a specification for the
levels at or around the installation site shall also be provided.
acoustical performance of an enclosure.
5.2 This guide is intended for those familiar with basic
NOTE 2—Other single number ratings for noise may also be available.
concepts of acoustics.
For further information see ASHRAE Handbook.
5.3 Although this guide provides detailed guidance in mat-
ters relating to specification of acoustical enclosures, it is not a
substitute for the experience and judgment of an acoustical or
ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals, Chapter 7, American Society of Heating,
noise control professional. Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia.
E1704–95 (2002)
6.1.3 Measured sound pressure levels are preferred. When detailed information on noise source and its pre-installation
not available, such as in the case of new construction, the surroundings should accompany the specification. In addition,
following information is usually considered an acceptable a larger safety factor should be considered.
substitute to allow estimation of sound pressure levels:
6.2.2 The level reduction of enclosures is typically quanti-
6.1.3.1 The rated or measured sound power level (here
fied by the manufacturer in laboratory prototype testing. Noise
denoted L ) of equipment and,
reduction (NR) is measured per Test Method E596, and noise
W
6.1.3.2 Adescription of the host environment, including the
isolation class (NIC) is calculated per Classification E413. For
relative locations of sources of noise, personnel, and the
the purposes of this guide, noise reduction data are an
enclosure. Some loss of accuracy should be expected.
acceptable equivalent for level reduction.
6.1.4 Inaccurate measurement of sound pressure levels can
6.2.2.1 Custom designs are typically not tested, due to cost.
result from unsteady or intermittent sources of noise during
6.2.2.2 The actual enclosure being specified may differ in
measurement, changes in site conditions after measurement
certain particulars from prototypes tested.
(for example, significant sources of noise arising between
6.2.2.3 Because of variations in manufacturing materials
measurement and installation), strong low frequency content
and methods and changes in test standards, test results should
(L −L > 15), and general inexperience with acoustical
PC PA
be no older than five years.
measurements.
6.2.2.4 Laboratory noise reduction data obtained in accor-
6.1.5 Maximum permissible sound pressure levels are often
dance with Test Method E596 in prototype testing are often
prescribed for particular applications by standards or regula-
accepted as performance verification.
tory documents. A short list includes, but is not limited to,
6.2.3 Anenclosuremayprovidetherequiredlevelreduction
hearing conservation regulations, architectural specifications,
withoutachievingaparticularsoundpressurelevelspectrumin
human comfort, speech intelligibility, speech privacy, and
the protected space. As an example, sound pressure levels
acoustical test standards. Common specific cases are cited in
inside an enclosure will be considerably higher when the
Appendix X1.
enclosure is located in a high ambient noise area.
6.1.6 The maximum permissible interior or exterior sound
pressure levels should not be exceeded with all sources of
7. Other Noise Control Properties of Enclosures
enclosure-generated noise in normal operation.
6.2 Thelevelreductionspecificationidentifiestheminimum 7.1 Vibration Isolation—The effectiveness of an enclosure
permissible level reduction to be provided by the enclosure.
can be compromised by structure-borne noise bypassing the
This type specification is often used by a buyer who has acoustical barrier through adjacent building structures. Enclo-
already determined the isolation needed to meet his sound
sures should be isolated from adjacent structures by means of
pressure level requirements. Using this type of specification
flexible connections.
without such analysis could result in unacceptable results.
7.1.1 Vibrations that can be felt by the hand are an indica-
6.2.1 Level reduction I(f) can be approximated as follows:
tion that measurements of vibration levels are necessary.
I f! 5L 2L 1SF
~
1 2
NOTE 4—In typical installations, structure-borne vibration treatments
are part of the enclosure. Special cases, for example, broadcast studios,
where:
generally require measurement or analysis of structure-borne vibration
L = pre-installation sound pressure level in a given band,
patterns of the host environment prior to specification, or both, where
L = post-installation sound pressure level in a given band,
applicable.
and
NOTE 5—The L measurement and treatment of structure-borne vibra-
a
SF = safety factor.
tion are difficult. Measurements are complicated and an ineffective
6.2.1.1 The safety factor helps ensure compliance by ac-
treatment can actually be counterproductive. In critical situations an
counting for unforeseen complications due to changes in site
expert should be consulted.
condit
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E1686-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Applying Environmental Noise Measurement Methods and Criteria

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Evaluation of Environmental Noise—Environmental noise is evaluated by comparing a measurement or prediction of the noise to one or more criteria. There are many different criteria and ways of measuring and specifying noise, depending on the purpose of the evaluation. Some evaluations are limited to determining compliance with existing regulations or ordinances. Others are done in the absence of such requirements or to supplement regulatory evaluations where the regulations do not address fully or at all the issues of concern.  
4.2 Selection of Criteria—This guide provides information useful in selecting the appropriate criteria and measurement method to evaluate noise. In making the selection, the user should consider the following: regulatory or legal requirements for the use of a specific criterion; purpose of the evaluation (regulatory compliance, compatibility, activity interference, aesthetics, comfort, annoyance, health effects, hearing damage, etc.); types of data that are available or could be available (A-weighted, octave band, average level, maximum level, day-night level, calibrated recordings including .wav files from which various measurements could be made, etc.); and available budget for instrumentation and manpower to obtain that data. After selecting a measurement method, the user should consult appropriate references for more detailed guidance (1).7  
4.3 Objective versus Subjective Evaluations—This guide discusses objective sound criteria based on measurements and regulations based on such. Some local noise ordinances are based solely or partially on subjective judgements of noise. Enforcement of these can be easily challenged and, in some jurisdictions, they are not permitted. These are not further considered in this guide. One way to address such situations is to evaluate the sound based on reasonable objective criteria.  
4.4 Soundscape Methodology—The overall sound environment as perceived outdoors is often called a soundscape. Soundsc...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and criteria for evaluating environmental noise, some of which are required to be used for specific purposes by governmental regulations. It is intended to provide users who may not be familiar with them with an overview of the wide variety of available methods and criteria. It includes the following:  
1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and adjustment or normalization factors;  
1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating their limitations and best uses;  
1.1.3 Sources of criteria;  
1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection;  
1.1.5 A catalog of sources of selected available criteria; and  
1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements and criteria.  
1.2 Criteria Selection—Thorough evaluation of noise issues requires consideration of many characteristics of both the sound and the environment into which it is introduced. This guide will assist users in selecting criteria for the following:  
1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor sounds on a community considering the magnitude and other characteristics of the sound and environment;  
1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes, or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regulations; and  
1.2.3 Identifying and evaluating compliance with regulatory requirements that do not specify an acoustical measurement method or criterion or which are unclear.  
1.3 Reasons for Criteria—This guide discusses the many reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and specified, and advantages and disadvantages of the most widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to appropriate documents for more detailed information and guidance. Users needing further general background on sound and sound measurement are directed to the books listed in the References section.  
1.4 Criteria in Regulations—Certain criteria are spe...

  • Guide
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2202-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard defines measurement procedures for estimating the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and mobile, transportable, and stationary equipment. The primary approach is to separately measure the sound level at operator ear locations for each normal operating condition. These levels can be combined with operational use scenarios and exposure criteria to define noise exposure severity. The data can also be used to define hearing protection requirements or administrative controls to preclude hearing hazards.  
5.2 The practice has the following limitations:  
5.2.1 The practice uses field portable measurement equipment.  
5.2.2 The practice produces data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits if the limits are in terms of the quantities measured in this standard or which can be calculated from the measured data.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines noise measurement procedures for estimating the risk of hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and other mobile, transportable, or stationary equipment.  
1.2 This standard does not recommend noise exposure limit levels or criteria for any application discussed.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1503-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a Statistical Sound Analysis System

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which are well defined and which are understood by a trained acoustical professional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce results which are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information gathered and documented in the course of the measurement program.  
4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to the following:  
4.2.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source as a reference for assessment of the noise impact caused by a proposed facility and associated activities,  
4.2.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existing source), and  
4.2.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example, indication of exceedance of criteria or non-compliance with laws).  
4.3 This test method provides a means for operating a sound analysis system which incorporates digital circuits for processing and storing sound level data, documenting conditions under which the measurements were performed, and reporting the results.  
4.4 This test method provides the user with information to (1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor sound level over specific time periods at specified places, and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.  
4.5 This test method can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acoustical data for many common situations. The data are collected in a format determined by the capabilities of the equipment, equipment operational options selected, and by post-processing options available.  
4.6 The user is cautioned that there are many factors that can strongly influence the resul...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of outdoor sound levels at specific locations using a digital statistical sound analysis system and a formal measurement plan.  
1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data. However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requiring multiple sets of data, the test method does not address planning of the measurement program.  
1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:  
1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,  
1.2.2 To characterize the sound emissions of a specific sound source which exhibits a temporal variation in sound output, and  
1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of a noise impact mitigation plan.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with a measurement plan that references this test method. Changes or additions to the provisions of this test method shall be clearly stated in the plan.  
1.3.1 In the event it is necessary, for example, because of time constraints, to conduct measurements without first formalizing a plan, this test method can be used if an operator/observer whose qualifications are satisfactory to both the performing organization and the client is present at all times during the measurements and who complies, to the extent possible, with all the applicable requirements of this test method, including record keeping.  
1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound level data with appropriate criteria.  
1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used in the derivation of loudness levels provided the necessary requirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidth are observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that a specialist in the area of loudness evaluation be consulted in p...

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1289-08(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reference Specimen for Sound Transmission Loss

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements. The reference specimen is composed of framed steel panels. The required materials for fabrication and installation are as follows: galvanized sheets, frame, and panels. Four kinds of installation may be done: Installation A using a single layer reference specimen, Installation B using double layer reference specimen with a common plate, Installation C using double layer reference specimen with separate plates-empty cavity, and Installation D using double layer reference specimen with separate plates and added layer of sound-absorbing material in the cavity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements using Test Method E90.  
1.2 Laboratories may choose to construct and test all of the reference specimens described here or only a subset. Specific specimens may be required by a test method or an accrediting agency.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1130-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech sounds exceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the listener's ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.  
5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listener's ear from intruding speech depend upon:  
5.2.1 The individual vocal effort and orientation of the talker,  
5.2.2 The attenuation of speech signals due to distance or intervening barriers, and  
5.2.3 The reinforcement of speech signals due to reflections from surfaces such as the ceiling, furniture panels, light fixtures, walls, or windows.  
5.3 The ambient sound levels within a space often must be increased in order to mask intruding speech using an electronic sound masking system. However, in certain locations and in specific frequency ranges, the building mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) equipment, and the heating, ventilating, or air conditioning equipment (HVAC) may increase ambient sound levels or add tonal noise components that may require mitigation before tuning the masking sound.  
5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to assess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using the standard Articulation Index method. This requires measurement of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3 for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrum is for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work zones for ‘focused work’ where administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a ‘casual’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for ‘collaborative work’ where lively discussion is expected, a ‘raised’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.  
5.5 The Articulation Index ranges from a low value of 0.00, where speech is gener...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means of objectively assessing speech privacy between locations in open plan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methods for assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan components which affect speech privacy; but rather, it assesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration of components (1, 2).2  
1.2 This test method is intended to be a field test for the assessment of speech privacy in actual open plan spaces. However, this test method could be used in mock-up spaces and in environments arranged to simulate an open plan space.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use in many open plan spaces including traditional open offices, focus areas, and collaboration spaces. In addition to office buildings, these types of spaces will also be found in healthcare buildings, institutional spaces, schools, etc. It is not directly applicable for measuring the speech privacy between open plan and enclosed spaces or between fully enclosed spaces.  
1.4 This test method relies upon the Articulation Index, which objectively predicts the intelligibility of speech. While both the Articulation Index and this test method can be expected to reliably predict speech privacy, neither predicts the specific effective speech privacy afforded to particular individual occupants.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed...

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1780-12(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measuring Outdoor Sound Received from a Nearby Fixed Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Situations for which outdoor sound level data are required include, but are not limited to, comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits.  
4.2 This guide provides information to (1) measure outdoor sound level in the vicinity of outdoor fixed noise sources, and (2) document other observations necessary for the measurements. This guide provides a standard procedure for a trained acoustical professional that will produce results and documentation which are consistent with the purposes cited in 1.1.1 – 1.1.5.  
4.3 These sound measurements should be performed by or under the direction of a person experienced in the measurement and analysis of outdoor sound, and who is familiar with the use of the required equipment and techniques.  
4.4 This guide can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement guide to collect data on the sound level received from a fixed source within the constraints cited in Section 8 and Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.  
4.5 This guide can be used to establish compliance or noncompliance at the time, distance, and conditions during which the data were obtained. However, this guide is only a measurement procedure and does not address the problem of projecting the acquired data outside those conditions, other times of day, other distances, or comparison with specific criteria. In particular, for a given sound source level, distant noise levels will often be found to be greater at night than during the day.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the measurement of outdoor sound due to a fixed sound source such as a siren, stationary pump, power plant, or music amphitheater. Procedures characterize the location, sound level, spectral content, and temporal characteristics of that sound source at the time of measurement. Users should be aware that wind and temperature gradients can cause significant variations in sound levels beyond 300 m. With appropriate caution, the use of measurements resulting from this guide include but are not limited to:  
1.1.1 Assessing compliance with applicable regulations,  
1.1.2 Monitoring the effectiveness of a noise reduction plan,  
1.1.3 Verifying the effectiveness of measures for mitigation of noise impact,  
1.1.4 Validating sound prediction models, and  
1.1.5 Obtaining source data for use in sound prediction models.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1014-12(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted Sound Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to, the following:  
4.1.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source (for example, assessment of the impact due to a proposed use).  
4.1.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existing source).  
4.1.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example, indication of exceedence of criteria or non-compliance with laws).  
4.2 This guide provides a means for selecting measurement locations, operating a sound level meter, documenting the conditions under which the measurements were performed, and recording the results.  
4.3 This guide provides the user with information to (1) make and document the sound level measurements necessary to quantify relatively steady or slowly varying outdoor sound levels over a specific time period and at specific places and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.  
4.4 The user is cautioned that there are many nonacoustical factors that can strongly influence the measurement of outdoor sound levels and that this guide is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field of acoustics. The guide is not applicable when more sophisticated measurement methods or equipment are specified. This guide, depending as it does on simplified manual data acquisition, is necessarily more appropriate for the simpler types of environmental noise situations. As the number of sources and the range of sound levels increase, the more likely experienced specialists with sophisticated instruments are needed.  
4.5 This guide can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acoustical data for many common situations. Criteria for evaluating or analyzing the data obtained are beyond the scope of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the measurement of A-weighted sound levels outdoors at specified locations or along particular site boundaries, using a general purpose sound-level meter.  
1.2 Three distinct types of measurement surveys are described:  
1.2.1 Survey around a site boundary,  
1.2.2 Survey at a specified location,  
1.2.3 Survey to find the maximum sound level at a specified distance from a source.  
1.3 The data obtained using this guide are presented in the form of either time-average sound levels (abbreviation TAV and symbol LAT, also known as equivalent sound level or equivalent continuous sound level abbreviated LEQ and with symbol LAeqT ) or A-weighted percentile levels (symbol LX).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1265-04(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Insertion Loss of Pneumatic Exhaust Silencers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method permits the evaluation of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas exhausts (usually air). The data can be used by manufacturers to assess or improve their products, or by users to select or specify a silencer. The data acquired using this measurement method allow for performance comparisons of competitive products and aid in the selection of an appropriate device.  
5.2 Flow rate is an important parameter to consider when the application involves machinery or equipment that requires compressed air or other gases to be exhausted rapidly. For example, in an automatic pneumatic press, compressed air must be exhausted rapidly to avoid a premature second cycle. For this reason, flow ratio is reported in addition to acoustical performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas (usually air) exhausts from orifices connected to pipe sizes up to 3/4 in. NPT. This test method is not applicable for exhausts performing useful work, such as part conveying, ejection, or cleaning. This test method evaluates acoustical performance using A-weighted sound level measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2611-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Normal Incidence Determination of Porous Material Acoustical Properties Based on the Transfer Matrix Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several purposes of this test:  
5.1.1 For transmission loss: (a) to characterize the sound insulation characteristics of materials in a less expensive and less time consuming approach than Test Method E90 and ISO 140-3 (“reverberant room methods”),  (b) to allow small samples tested when larger samples are impossible to construct or to transport, (c) to allow a rapid technique that does not require an experienced professional to run.  
5.1.2 For transfer matrix: (a) to determine additional acoustic properties of the material; (b) to allow calculation of acoustic properties of built-up or composite materials by the combination of their individual transfer matrices.  
5.2 There are significant differences between this method and that of the more traditional reverberant room method. Specifically, in this approach the sound impinges on the specimen in a perpendicular direction (“normal incidence”) only, compared to the random incidence of traditional methods. Additionally, revereration room methods specify certain minimum sizes for test specimens which may not be practical for all materials. At present the correlation, if any, between the two methods is not known. Even though this method may not replicate the reverberant room methods for measuring the transmission loss of materials, it can provide comparison data for small specimens, something that cannot be done in the reverberant room method. Normal incidence transmission loss may also be useful in certain situations where the material is placed within a small acoustical cavity close to a sound source, for example, a closely-fitted machine enclosure or portable electronic device.  
5.3 Transmission loss is not only a property of a material, but is also strongly dependent on boundary conditions inherent in the method and details of the way the material is mounted. This must be considered in the interpretation of the results obtained by this test method.  
5.4 The quantities are measured as a functio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of a tube, four microphones, and a digital frequency analysis system for the measurement of normal incident transmission loss and other important acoustic properties of materials by determination of the acoustic transfer matrix.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1110-06(2019)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Determination of Articulation Class

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each weighting factor given in Table 1 represents the fraction of overall speech intelligence contained within the associated one-third octave frequency band.  
4.2 The weighting factors in Table 1 are obtained by multiplying each individual one-third octave band weighting factor of ANSI S3.5-1969 by 300. Articulation class (AC) values are thus related to but distinctly different from articulation index (AI) values. In particular, the AC considers only the effect of signal attenuation; while the AI considers such additional factors as speech level and spectrum and background sound level and spectrum.
Note 2: The AC is similar to the DAI rating proposed by Warnock6 and has been shown to correlate with AI values derived from ANSI S3.5, except where the AI approaches 1 or 0 (AI values range between 1 and 0 and approach 0 with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility). Articulation class values give the reverse. They usually exceed 100 and increase with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility. Extensive comparison between AC ratings and subjective judgments of open-plan speech privacy has not yet been accomplished.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification provides a single figure rating that can be used for comparing building systems and subsystems for speech privacy purposes. The rating is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence between office spaces.  
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this classification are applications involving female speakers or children,2 languages other than English, and sound spectra other than speech. Thus excluded, for example, would be comparisons of building systems or subsystems for their effectiveness in reducing transmitted noise from machinery, industrial processes, bowling alleys, music rooms, places of entertainment, and the like.  
Note 1: Published work by Pearsons, et al, may eventually permit the restriction on female speakers to be relaxed.3  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off